祈使句直接引语变间接引语Word文档格式.docx

1、只要同学们认真记住以上三种祈使句直接引语变间接引语的基本结构，相信同学们一定能学会祈使句的直接引语变间接引语。小试牛刀：A）变下列直接引语为间接引语。1.“Stop talking!”the monitor said to the class. _ 2. “Repeat it three times,” the teacher said to her. 3. “Will you buy some bread for me?” he said to her. 4.“Dont take off your coat,” she said to her sister. 5. “Stay here!”

2、the officer said to the soldier. B）填空完成间接引语，每空一词。6. “Dont forget to give the message to my wife,” he said to Li Ping. He _Li Ping _ _ forget to give the message to _wife. 7. “Mum, please help me find my shirt,” he said. his mother _ help_find _ shirt. 8. “Use your knife to cut the boots open,” the o

3、fficer said to the guard. The officer _ the guardknife to cut the boots open. 9. “Dont spend too much time on football!” Mother said to me. Mother _ metoo much time on football. 10. “Will you sleep and get up early, children?” Father said. Father _ the children _ and _ up early. C）单项选择。11. “Dont wor

4、ry about me,” she _ her sister. A. said to B. referred to C. thanked to D. spoke 12. “ _ help me with my English?”she said. A. Shall we B. Do you C. Could you D. Might you 13. She told me _ a noise in the hall. A. dont make B. not to make C. make not to D. to make not 14. Martin _ his dog to lie dow

5、n under the big tree. A. made B. had C. promised D. ordered 15. His father asked the boy, “ _ are doing this for?” A. What; you B. Which; you C. Where; we D. Why; we Key:A） 1. The monitor told the class to stop talking. 2. The teacher asked her to repeat it three times. 3. He asked her to buy some b

6、read for him. 4. She asked her sister not to take off her coat. 5. The officer ordered the soldier to stay there. B） 6. told; not to; his 7. asked; to; him; his 8. ordered; to use his 9. told; not to spend 10. asked; to sleep; get C）1115 ACBDA DIRECT SPEECH AND INDIRECT SPEECH直接引语与间接引语（1） 引述别人的原话称为直

7、接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话，称为间接引语。它们都是复合句中的宾语从句。直接引语要放在引号，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连词连接于主句。转换时应注意：A 引用的原话是述句，改为间接引语时，通常用连词that引导宾语从句，还要根据意思适当改变人称，时态以及时间状语，地点状语等。当主语的谓语动词是现在时，宾语从句中的动词时态不变；当主句的谓语动词是过去时态时，则宾语从句中的动词时态应作相应的改变。 时态的改变时态的改变直接引语间接引语一般现在时过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时一般将来时过去将来时can ,may ,mustcould, might, had to

8、动词，指示代词，状语的改变（略）（2） 引述的是疑问句时，变为间接引语时，一般疑问句用whether 或if来引导，选择疑问句只能用whether，特殊疑问句用原来的疑问词。不论一般或特殊疑问句，变间接引语时，通常按原述句的语序，即把动词放在主语的后面。 “Are you feeling better today?” the doctor asked my sister. The doctor asked my sister if she was feeling better that day? “Is this book yours or his?” She asked me. She as

9、ked me whether that book was mine or his.（只能用whether） He asked me ,“Why didnt you come here yesterday?” He asked me why I hadnt gone there the day before.（3） 引用的原句如果是祈使句，变为间接引语时，句字的谓语动词要用含有祈使意义的动词如tell, ask, order（命令）。引语的动词要改为不定式。如果祈使句是否定形式，在动词不定式前加not. He said to me,“Tell me something about the fil

10、m.”He asked me to tell him something about the film. The teacher said to the students,“Dont open your books.”The teacher told the students not to open their books.Exercises1. Paul said,“It is high time we left the place.”2. He said,“If what you said is true I must go to the police.”3. He said,“After

11、 the lecture I had to rush home.”4. Mary said,“When I saw them last they were listening to the recording.”5.“I am starting the work the day after tomorrow,” Mike said.6.1. 1）当直接引语是述句时，间接引语通常用that引导，that也可以省略。当直接引语是一般疑问句时，间接引语要用if或whether引导，且疑问语序要变成述语序。当直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导，且疑问语序要变成述语序。（2） 若主句是过

12、去时态，则间接引语也要是过去时态。（3） 要根据实际情况将人称作相应的改变。如：He said, “I am a teacher.” （直接引语）He said that he was a teacher.（间接引语）He asked me, “Are you a teacher?” （直接引语）He asked me if / whether I was a teacher. （间接引语）He asked me, “What are you doing?He asked me what I was doing. （间接引语）一、如何变人称：学生在将直接引语变间接引语时。常常弄不清人称变化。下

13、面有一句顺口溜“一随主。二随宾，第三人称不更新”。“一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. My brother wants to go with me. She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。或被第二人你所修饰。从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语。也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. How is your sister now

14、?He asked Kate how her sister was then。“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said。 Jack is a good worker。Mr Smith said Jack was a good worker。二、如何变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。1）She said. I have lost a pen.She said she had lost a pen

15、2）She said. We hope so.She said they hoped so.3） She said. He will go to see his friend。She said he would go to see his friend。但要注意在以下几种情况下。在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。直接引语是客观真理。The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. The teacher told me the earth moves arou

16、nd the sun and the moon moves around the earth。直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。Jack said. John, where were you going when I met you in the street?Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。Xiao Wang said. I was born on April 2l, 1980。 Xiao Wang said he was b

17、orn on April 20, 1980。直接引语如果是一般现在时。表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。He said, I get up at six every morning。 He said he gets up at six every morning。如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to， had better, used to）和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。Peter said. You had better come have today。 Peter said I h

18、ad better go there that day。三、如何变状语：直接引语变间接引语，状语变化有其在规津，时间状语由“现在”改为“原来”（例：now变为then, yesterday。变为 the day before）地点状语，尤其表示方向性的，或用指示代词修饰的状语，由“此”改为“彼”（例：this 改为that）,如：These books are mine. He said those books were his.四、如何变句型：直接引语如果是述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。She said, Our bus will arrive in five minutes

19、.She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.如：Can you swim, John? He asked John if he could swim.You have finished the homework, havent you? my mother asked. My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.Do you go to school by bus

20、 or by bike? He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.直接引语如果是特殊问句，间接引语应该改为由疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用述句语序）。She asked me, When do they have their dinner? She asked me when they had their dinner.直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell（ask, order, beg等） sb （not） to do sth.句型。Dont make any noise, she said to the

21、children. She told （ordered） the children not to make any noise. Bring me a cup of tea, please, said she.She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.直接引语如果是以“Lets”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest +动句词（或从句）。”如：Lets go to the film. He suggested going to the film.或He suggested that they should go to see the film

22、.先看Unit 1 Grammar （Direct and Indirect Speech） 中的两个句子:1）“I like reading adventure stories,” said John. 变为： John said that he liked reading adventure stories. 2）“How can you do that?” Mary said to Ann. 变为： Mary asked Ann how she could do that. 以上这两个句子是述句和疑问句的直接引语变为间接引语的例子。那么，同学们应该怎样把直接引语变为间接引语呢？下面就述句

23、和疑问句的直接引语变间接引语进行简要讲解。因为直接引语变为间接引语是转述他人所说的话，所以主句的动词、从句的人称、从句动词的时态、时间状语等要根据实际情况进行相应的变化。一、主句动词的变化 一般说来，主句谓语动词常为said或said to，变为间接引语时，当直接引语是述句时，said变为said （that），而said to sb.则变为told sb.。当直接引语是一般疑问句和特殊疑问句时，则要变为asked / asked sb.+ if / whether或asked sb.+ what等特殊疑问词引导的句子。 例如：Mr. Black said, “Im busy.” Mr. Bl

24、ack said that he was busy. “Ill go to your farm tomorrow,” he said to her. He told her that he would go to her farm the next day. He said, “Are you ready?” He asked （us） if / whether we were ready. He said, “What do you want to do?” He asked what I wanted to do. 二、从句人称的变化 由直接引语变间接引语时，从句的主语人称要遵循一主、二宾

25、、三不变的原则。直接引语的主语是第一人称变为间接引语时要和主句的主语保持一致。如果直接引语的主语是第二人称变为间接引语时要与主句的宾语保持一致。如果直接引语的主语是第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。They said, “We will go there by bus.” They said they would go there by bus. She said to me, “Are you interested in science?” She asked me if I was interested in science. His mother said to me, “He cant go to school.” His mother told me that he couldnt go to schoo