情态动词一讲义Word格式.docx

1、这儿的夏天可能会很热。You cannot be too careful when crossing the road.你过马路的时候再小心也不为过。You can never do the work too well.你工作要做得尽可能的好。can与be able to都表示能力，意义上没有区别，但在形式和用法上有区别：1. can只有现在时和过去时，而be able to有更多的时态变化。将来时和完成时只能用be able to。2. can一般指自身只有的能力，即be able to则表示经过努力后所具有的能力，相当于manage to do或succeed in doing.The y

2、oung man cant carry the heavy box.这个年轻人搬不动那个重箱子。This time I failed the exam, but Ill be able to pass the exam next time.这次我考试不及格，但下次我会及格的。3. 在否定结构中was / were able to与could没有区别。She ran fast but she couldnt / wasnt able to catch the bus.她跑得很快，可还是没能赶上公共汽车。It be the vocabulary that caused you the proble

3、m in the exercise because you know a lot of words.A. may B. couldnt C. should D. neednt答案：B思路分析：考查情态动词。句意为：不可能是词汇导致了你习题中的问题，因为你知道很多词汇。couldnt不可能，表示有把握的否定推测。may与might的用法Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm.有些节日，是为了纪念死者，或

4、使祖先得到满足，因为他们有可能回到世上提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.如果邻居什么糖果也不给，那么孩子们可能就会捉弄他们了。Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster.有些人还有可能因为他们的农产品而获奖，比如最大的西瓜或最帅的公鸡。At the Spring F

5、estival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper.中国人过春节要吃饺子、鱼和肉，还可能会给孩子送用红纸包着的压岁钱。These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of all kinds.狂欢节期间，人们身着各种艳丽的节日盛装，伴随着鼓噪的音乐，在街头游行，昼夜跳舞。1.

6、 may / might可以表示请求、许可（较can / could更正式）；在疑问句中might语气更委婉；肯定回答可用may或can，否定回答可用may not, cant或mustnt。mustnt表示“不可以，不许”。2. may / might可用于表推测（把握及可能性较小，可用在肯定句、否定句中，might语气更弱）。3. May+主语+动词原形，可用于表示祝愿（注意句式顺序与结构）。4. may / might as well+动词原形，“不妨”“倒不如”“还是的好”。5. may well很可能。May / Might I have a word with you? Yes,

7、you may / can.或No, you may not / cant / mustnt. 我可以跟你说句话吗？ 好的，可以。/ 不，不行。Why hasnt he come?He may be very busy now. / He may have missed the train. 他为什么还没有来？他可能现在很忙。/他可能没赶上火车。May you succeed / be happy!祝你成功！/祝你开心！May God bless you!愿上帝保佑你！May you have a good trip. 祝你旅途愉快！Theres nothing to do, so I may

8、 as well go to bed. 没事可做，倒不如去睡觉。Its too late. You might as well not go.太晚了，你不如别去了。Johnny, you play with the knife; you hurt yourself.A. wont; cant B. mustnt; mayC. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldntmustnt表示“禁止”；may表示“有可能”。Johnny，你不可以玩刀，那样可能会伤到你自己。shall与should的用法People should go to clean graves and lig

9、ht incense in memory of their ancestors.人们要扫墓，烧香，以缅怀祖先。1. shall用于主语为第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。2. shall用于主语为第二、三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺、威胁等。3. should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to。4. should表示推测、可能。这种推测往往有一定的根据，含有“按道理应当”之意，只用于肯定句。5. should表示说话人的惊奇、愤怒、失望等特殊情感。6.“shouldhave过去分词”结构一般表示义务，表示本应该做到而实际上没有做到，

10、并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。Shall we begin our lesson?我们可以开始上课了吗？When shall he be able to leave the hospital?他什么时候可以离开医院呢？You shall fail if you dont work harder.（警告）如果你不更努力学习的话一定会不及格的。He shall be punished.（威胁）他会受到惩罚的。You should go to class right away.你应该立刻去上课。You should be more careful next time.你下次要更小心些。The road

11、s should be less crowded today.今天道路应该没那么拥挤了。Its surprising that Mary should love such a person as Jack.令人吃惊的是，Mary竟然会喜欢Jack这样的人。She should have finished her report.她本应该完成那份报告的。It was sad to me that they, so poor themselves, _ bring me food.A. might B. would C. should D. couldC考查情态动词基本用法，句意：他们自己那么穷，_

12、给我带来食物，这让我（感动得）心里不好受。should用在that引导的从句中，跟在某些形容词或动词之后，表示“竟然，居然”，带有惊讶的语气。故选C。will与would的用法Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals.有时，在猎人捕获猎物后，也举行庆祝活动。Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of the cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn.多数古老的节日总是庆祝寒冷

13、天气的结束、春天的种植和秋天的收获。In European countries, people will usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals.在欧洲国家，人们通常用鲜花和水果来装饰教堂和市政厅，在一起聚餐。1. 表示请求，多用于第二人称的疑问句中，would语气上比will更委婉。2. will表示意愿、意志和决心，would表示过去的意愿和决心。3. will表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，“总是会，老是”；would表示过去的习惯或

14、倾向，译作“过去常常”。Will you give me a helping hand?请你帮我个忙好吗？Would you open the window, please?请你开下窗户好吗？If you will read the book, I will lend it to you.如果你愿意读这本书，我会把它借给你。I will do anything to help you.我愿意做任何事情来帮助你。I will never do that again.我决不会再那样做了。The boy will sit there for hours looking at the traffic

15、go by.那个男孩常常在那儿坐数个小时，看车来车往。He would go to the park to have a walk after supper.他过去常常在晚饭后去公园散步。The car wont go.车发动不了了。He pushed the door, but it wouldnt open.他推了推门，但开不了。Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but say where he was.A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt根据but及其前句my b

16、rother called to say he was all right所表达的语境可知，此处应该选择wouldnt，表示意愿。句意为，几天后，我哥哥打电话来说他一切都好，但是不愿意说他在哪儿。must，mustnt与have to的用法When you eat fish you must be careful with the bones.当你吃鱼时一定要小心鱼刺。Well, you have to eat food with plenty of fibre that helps you digest better.好吧，你得吃一些含纤维量多的食物，从而能帮助你更好地消化。1. must表

17、示说话人主观上认为“必须”、“应该”。否定形式must not / mustnt表示“禁止，不准，不要”（命令、建议、要求）。must问句，否定回答须用neednt或dont have to回答。2. must表示肯定推测（把握及可能性较大；只用于肯定句中）must+动词原形（推测现在），must+ have done（推测过去）3. must可表示“一定，非要，偏要”，用于对某种与说话人意愿相反、不受欢迎的事的质疑和反对。4. if you must（do sth.）“如果你一定要（那么做）”，表示虽不赞同却可允许。5. have to表示客观需要，常作“不得不；只好”讲。have to的相

18、应形式可以表示现在、过去和将来“必须”做某事。have got to是have to的口语形式。6. have to的疑问式是“Do / Does / Did +主语+have to?”，否定式是“do / does / did not+ have to”。You must come on time.你必须按时来。You mustnt lend the new book to others.你不准把这本新书借给其他人。Must we hand in our exercise books today?Yes，you must. （No，you dont have to.）我们必须今天把练习册交了

19、吗？ 是的，必须。（不，你们不必。）She must be tired after such a long walk.走了这么远的路她一定是累了。Must you play the piano at this time of night?你一定要在这么晚的时候弹钢琴吗？He must have been to Shanghai.他一定去过上海。Can I smoke here? 我可以在这儿吸烟吗？If you must. 如果你非要的话。Why dont you talk with that foreigner?你为什么不跟那个外国人交谈呢？My spoken English is poor

20、, if you must know.如果你非要知道的话，我的英语口语很不好。 you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry Sir, but its urgent.A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would你必须现在插话吗？难道你没看到我正在打电话吗？抱歉，先生。但事情紧急。分析句意可知前者是问对方必须（must）要插话吗，答语中的“urgent”也是关键信息；can表示“能够”；should表“应该”；would表“将会”，均不合语境。用适当的情态动词填空1. He have the book when

21、I finish reading.2. Even an experienced teacher make mistakes.3. I havent decided where Im going for my holidays. I go to Australia.4. You be hungry alreadyyou had lunch only two hours ago!5. When we lived in that village，we often play together in the river there.6. “You have a wrong number,” she sa

22、id, “Theres no one of that name here.”7. Drivers drive after drinking.8. She promised to come by 1200. She be here at any time.1. shall 2. can 3. may / might 4. cant 5. would 6. must 7. mustnt 8. should1. shall表示允诺，我读完的时候他可以拿到这本书。2. can用于表示客观可能性，甚至一位有经验的教师也可能犯错误。3. 此处表示推测，又依据havent decided可知把握较小，故而可以用may / might。4. 从破折号后的句子you had lunch only two hours ago可知，此处表示把握较大的否定推测，故而用cant。5. 此句中would表示过去习惯性的动作，此处译为“过去常常”，当我们住在那个村子里的时候，我们常常一起在河边玩耍。6. must表示肯定的有把握的推测，此句中Theres no one of that name here.可知是你一定拨错了号码。7. 司机在酒后禁止开车，此处mustnt表示“禁止，不准”。8. should此处表示推测，其把握介于must与may之间，句意为“照理说她随时都可能会到。”