高考英语二轮专题复习 精品之十 定语从句教案.docx

1、高考英语二轮专题复习 精品之十 定语从句教案2011届高考英语二轮专题复习精品之十 定语从句专题要点要点概述1.关系代词和关系副词的区别。当先行词是时间或地点时，如何判断用关系副词when, where还是which或that；2.when,where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别；3.“介词+关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句，关键要找准先行词或定语从句中的谓语动词的固定搭配；4.that, which引导定语从句的区别；5.as引导的定语从句；6.such-as与such-that的区别；the same-as/that的用法；7.the way作先行词时用that/in whic

2、h引导或省略that或in which；8.that引导的定语从句与同位语从句的区别。考纲要求对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定代词/数词+ofwhich/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。教法指引定语从句是高中英语学习的重要语法项目之一，在高考各个题型中都有可能会涉及到。它的结构和用法比较复杂，是高中阶段英语学习的一个重点，也是高考英语常考的一个考点，是历年高考的热点，掌握定语从句对于语言理解和运用具有重

3、要的意义。对定语从句的考查角度较多，分析近几年的高考试题发现：从从句类型上看，考查非限制定语从句，限制性定语从句；从关系词上看，关系代词which，关系副词where，关系副词when均有考查；从介词+关系代词方面，也有涉及。当然不管从那个方面考查，只要弄清定语从句的有关概念就可以“以不变应万变”。因此教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意：1了解有关定语从句的所有语法规则，弄清从句中关系代词和关系副词的区别。2分清及物动词和不及物动词，判断句子结构是否完整，注意句子中逗号的语法作用。3注意先行词的特殊性和关系代词的选择，依据先行词来选择“介词+关系代词”的结构。4. 加强有关定语从句的理解和练习。【

4、知识结构】 定语从句用来说明主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。一、关系代词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词用来指代先行词是人或物的名词或代词句子成分 用于限制从句或非限制性从句 只用于限制性从句 代替人 代替物代替人或物主语 Who which that主语 Whomwhich that宾语 Whose（=of whom） whose（=of which）This is the detective who came from London.The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hard

5、y.The desk whose leg is broken is very old.This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.2.关系代词的用法（1）如果先行词是all，much，anything，something，nothing，everything，little，none等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which.例如：All the people that are present burst into tears.（2）如果先等词被形容词最高级以及first，last，any，only，few，mush，no，some，ve

6、ry等词修饰，关系代词常用that，不用which，who，或whom.例如：（3）非限制性定语从句中，不能用关系代词that，作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。例如：There are about seven million people taking part in the election，most of whom、are well educated.（4）which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。例如：He succeeded

7、 in the competition，which made his parents very happy.（5）that可指人或物，在从句中作表语，（指人作主语时多用who）仅用于限制性定语从句中。（6）which可作表语，既可指人，以可指物。指人时，一般指从事某种职业或是有种特征。品性或才能的人。Which引导的定语从句可以限制性的，也可以是非限制性的。（7）如果作先作词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，关系代词用which；若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who.（8）先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，关系代词应该用that.例如：The boy and the dog that are in t

8、he picture are very lovely.（9）如果先行词是anyone，anybody，everyone，everybody，someone，somebody，关系代词应该用 who 或whom，不用which.例如：Is there anyone here who will go with you？3.“介词关系代词”是一个普遍使用的结构（1）“介词关系代词”可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词”结构中的介词可以是 in，on，about，from，for，with，to at，of，without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which，不可用

9、that .（2）from where为“介词关系副词”结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如：We stood at the top of the hill，from where we can see the town（3）像listen to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.二、关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词也可以引导定语从句关系副词在从句中分别表示时间。地点或原因。关系副词when在从

10、句中充当时间状语，where 充当地点状语，why充当原因状语。2. that可引导定语从句表示时间。地点或原因That有时可以代替关系副词 when，where 或者why引导定语从句表示时间。地点或原因，在that引导的这种定语从句中，that也可以省去。三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1.二者差异比较限制定语从句紧跟先行词，同先行词这间一般不加逗号，仅修饰先行词，可以由关系代词。关系副词或that来引导。非限制性定语从句仅作补充或说明，用逗号与主句隔开，既可修饰先行词，又可修饰整个主句，不可用that引导。2.关系代词和关系副词的选择依据（1） 弄清代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成

11、分，作状语的应选用关系副词，作主语。宾语或表语的可选用关系代词。3.先行词与定语从句隔离定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：1）This is the article written by him that Is poke to you about2）He was the only person in this country who was invited四、as在定语从句中的用法1. 引导限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句（1）as多与such 或the same连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。（2）as 也可单独使

12、用，引导非限制性定语从句，作用相当于which.例如：The elephants nose is like a snake，as anybody can see.（3）the same- that与 the same -as在意思上是不同的。2.as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置as引导的非限制性定语从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面。中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开，但which所引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。例如：（1）As is expected，the England team won the football match.（2）The earth runs around the

13、 sun，as is known by everyone. 3.as, which的比较1).在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句或句中某个部分，在从句中作主语，宾语，表语如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用They failed in the exam, as/which is natural.She seems a scientist, as/which in fact she is.Grammar is not a set of dead rules, which/as I have said before.2).如从句在主句之前，用asAs we all know, his parents

14、were killed in this war.As is known to all, the earth travels around the sun.3).如关系代词代表主句全句意思，有“正如”“就象”之意时，用asWe won the match, as we had expected.He agreed to the plan, as was to be expected.4). 当先行项被the same, such, so修饰时，用asThis is the same book as you bought yesterday.同类书 (比较：This is the same boo

15、k that you bought yesterday.同一本书)Dont believe in such men as praise you to your face.I never give my students so difficult a question as no one can work out.5). 当从句内容对主句内容起消极作用，则用whichThe young man cheated his friend out of much money, which was disgraced.6). as 也可以用来引导非限制性定语从句， 用来指待一件事，这时它的位置可以放在句首

16、、句中和句尾。He is an American, as/which we know from his accent.As we know from his accent, he is an American.He, as we know from his accent, is an American.As has been said above, grammar is not a set of dead rules.Grammar, as has been said above, is not a set of rules.Grammar is not a set of dead rules

17、, as/which has been said above. 正如: As everyone knows, as you may still remember, as you said, as I can see, as has been mentioned above, as you may have heard, and etc.专题突破总体做题采用还原法：即把先行词还原到定语从句里边，看一下做什么成分、指人、物；做主语、宾语还是状语等即可突破，具体说：1. 根据句子结构划出定语从句（划完后必须是两个独立的句子）。2. 根据先行词的特点、功能进一步选择。如果先行词在定语从句中主、宾语，则

18、选关系代词。如果先行词在定语从句中做状语，则用关系副词。3. 根据先行词的具体用法进一步选择。随即演练1The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which2 Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy him.A. who B. that C.

19、 what D. which3 If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop.A. that B. which C. when D. where4Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont.A. who ; 不填 B. 不填 ; who C. who ; who D. 不填; 不填5Th

20、e Beatles, _ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.A. what B. that C. how D. as6. Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_ they learn simple games and songs.A. then B. there C. while D. where7 The book was written in 1946, _ the education system has witnessed great ch

21、arges. Awhen Bduring which Csince then Dsince when8. The Science Museum, _ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions. A. which B. what C. that D. where9. Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago. A. when B. where C. that D. which 10. By nine oclock

22、, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _appeared a rare rainbow soon. A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which 参考答案和详解：1.【解析】C根据句子意思需选择介词in，从而构成act in the play。关系代词在此是指English play，指物，因此选择in which。注意：如果定语从句谓语动词为介词动词也就是由动词+介词构成的短语，那么介词必须后置，不能与动词拆开置于关系代词前面

23、。2.【解析】D这是一句非限制性定语从句，关系代词指代整个句子Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，且从句中行为动词made是主动语态，因此选择which。3.【解析】D此题答案是。这里的关系副词指代on chairs，指地点，因此选择where。不要误以为chair在句中是做主语或者宾语，在做此类题时一定要结合定语从句要表达的意思，做到“瞻前顾后”。4.【解析】C审明句意：每天和多于两杯咖啡的女性比那些没有改习惯的女性得心脏病的可能性要大得多。 在本题中的who都是引导定语从句，指代人，在定语从句中做主语，所

24、以都不能省略。5.【解析】D本题考查在实际语境中对于非限制性定语从句的应用能力。as引导定语从句，在从句中做remember的宾语，指代的是the Beatles“披头士乐队”。what引导名词性从句，在句中做主语宾语或表语，that引导限制性定语从句， how引导名词性从句。6.【解析】D本题中用where引导定语从句，先行词是a day care center，where在定语从句中做地点状语。注意then和there是副词，不能引导定语从句。While虽然是连词，但是只能用来连接状语从句。7.【解析】D在本题中用since when引导定语从句。因为句中的谓语has witnessed是

25、现在完成时,所以要用since when。when指代上文中的in 1946,表示“这本书是1946年写的,从那以后,教育体制发生了巨大变化”。8.【解析】A本题考查的重点是非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句的先行词指物时，应用which而不用that，the Science Museum 虽然是一个地点名词，但是在本句中的定语从句里做的是宾语而不是地点状语所以不能用where,尤其注意visit是一个及物动词。9.【解析】D本题考查的是非限制性定语从句。题中空格前面主句中的先行词是car，空格后面定语从句的谓语动词bought后面缺一个宾语，只能选用关系代词。A项when和 B项where都

26、是关系副词，可以予以排除，C项that不能用于非限制性定语从句中。故选D。10.【解析】D考查非限制性定语从句的介词which的用法，原句可还原成a rare rainbow appeared above 。根据选项我们已经知道了考查的大方向，就是需要我们找到合适的介词搭配。【学法导航】根据考纲要求，考生在复习备考时要弄清定语从句的先行词与关系词的关系；关系代词、关系副词的选择和运用；限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的用法以及强调句式和同位语从句和定语从句的区别。把握命题规律，一般定语从句的命题热点内容如下： 1.that与which的选用；that与where/when的选用； 2.“介词+

27、which/whom”结构中介词的选用； 3.“介词+which”与when/where间的区别与联系； 4.which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别； 5.“不定代词/数词+ofwhich/whom”与“不定代词/数词+ofthem”的选用； 6.定语从句中的主谓一致现象。 1定语从句可以说是各地高考必然首先考虑的重要考点，在题目设计的过程中，势必会以“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句为热点，以非限制性定语从句为重点，以关系副词where引导的定语从句为难点。 7在疑问句中或倒装句中考查定语从句 8. 通过拆分词组和固定搭配或者添加插入语或状语来考查定语从句做到了以上几点就能轻松拿到2011

28、年定语从句的分数。专题综合1The town _ we visited last month is the one _ the famous painter was born.Awhere; which Bwhich; where Cwhich; that Dwhere; where2We went to Mountain Tai last weekend, _, not surprisingly, was crowded with visitors.A. that B. which C. where D. when3.We hope that the measures to control

29、the stock market, _ are taken by the government, will work.A. that B. where C. which D. what4Many factors influence a student in his/her study, _ I think are out of a teachers control. A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that5 Obama won the election. Its amazing! Yes. But the

30、 result was within _ we had expected, _ brought great joy to many young people and the black.A. that; which B. that; that C. what; what D. what; which6Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. where B. which C. while D. why7.It was in the factory _ h

31、is friend worked _ he picked up a lot of experience.A. where, where B. that, where C. that, that D. where, that8Today the public is much concerned about the way _ .Anature is being ruined Bwhich nature is ruinedCon which to ruin nature Dof nature to be ruined9Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons cant be the only preparation for all of the situations _