外研社版高中英语必修三Module3基础知识整理Word下载.docx

1、从经验中（得出）have experience in . 有的经验/经历be experienced in . 在方面有经验full of experiencein ones experience 根据某人的经验来看He has much experience in teaching.他有丰富的教学经验。Hes very experienced in looking after animals.他照顾动物很有经验。experience n经验；经历vt.经历；体验Have you ever experienced a flood？（教材P21）你曾经经历过洪灾吗？It is important

2、 to try and learn from experience.努力从经验中学习是重要的。He is an experienced and trustworthy guide.他是一位有经验的、可信赖的向导。2.bury vt.掩埋，埋藏，用覆盖The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlans coffin ended up in the sea.掩埋科格伦的公墓被飓风所摧毁，他的棺材最后被卷入了大海。bury sth.under/beneath . 将埋在下面bury one

3、s head/face in hands 用手捂住某人的头/脸bury oneself in be buried in 埋头做Since she left, hes buried himself in his work. 自从她走后，他全心地投入到工作中。The climbers were buried under a pile of rocks. 登山者被埋在一堆岩石下。表示“埋头于，全心致力于”的短语还有:（必修一第六模块讲到过）be absorbed in concentrate on fix ones attention on occupy oneself in doing /with

4、 sth. be occupied with devote oneself to be devoted to3.occur vi.发生；出现；（想法、念头等）想起，浮现=happenAlmost all of them occur in the US .它们几乎全部发生在美国The accident occurred yesterday morning.事故发生在昨天上午。sth. occurs to sb. （主意或想法突然）浮现在某人的脑海中；被某人想到A good idea occurred to me.我突然想起了一个好主意。It occurs to sb. that ./to do

5、. 的念头浮现在某人脑海It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.他突然想到第二天早上他要参加一个重要的会议。It occurred to me to visit my teacher.我想到要去看看我的老师。表示“某人想到”还可以用下列句式：It strikes sb.that/Sth.strikes sb./Sth. comes to sb.辨析：occur/happen/take place/break out这四个词（组）都含有“发生”的意思，都是不及物动词，没有被

6、动语态。occur既指突然发生也可指有计划的发生，在以具体事物、事件作主语时，可与happen互换使用，表示在脑海中出现某种想法时用occur，不能用happen。happen是表示“发生”的最普通的用词，常用于句型：what happened to sb./sth.？某人/物发生了什么事？take place多指有计划、有组织的发生。break out指战争、灾难、疾病等突然发生。The meeting took place at 8：00 as planned.按计划会议在上午8点举行。I happened to see him on the way to the bookstore ye

7、sterday.昨天我在去书店的路上碰巧遇到了他。A terrible forest fire broke out in China a few years ago.几年前中国发生了一起可怕的森林火灾。4. strike vt.（雷电、暴风雨等）袭击；侵袭；击打；爆发；（钟）敲；给以印象；使突然想起n.罢工（1）sth.strikes sb.某人突然想到某事A good idea struck me.I struck on a good idea.我突然想到一个好主意。It strikes sb.that . 某人突然想到be struck by/on/with . 被打动；迷恋I was d

8、eeply struck by the beauty of ShangriLa. 香格里拉的美景给我留下了深刻的印象。strike sb. in/onthe表示身体部位的词 打某人某处The stone struck him in the eye.石子击中了他的眼睛。（2）be on strike 在罢工go on strike 举行罢工It struck me that he was on business in Shanghai. 我突然想到他正在上海出差。Within half an hour, all the drivers were out on strike. 半个小时内，所有的司

9、机都出去罢工了。The visitors were struck by the beauty of the country. 游客们被乡村美景打动了。strike/beat/hitbeat指用棍棒等连续击打；它还表示在游戏、竞赛或战争中击败对方，还可指心脏或脉搏的跳动、（雨点）拍打着等；beat作名词时，表示“敲打，心脏的跳动，节拍”hit指对准某一目标“打”， hit还可以引申为“攻击，抨击”，也指精神上或感情上的“打击”；hit表示自然灾害袭击时与strike可互换；hit作名词时，表示“一击，击中，轰动一时的人或物”strike表示“击打”时，既可表示有意地“打”，也可表示无意地“打，撞

10、”；还可表示“时钟敲响，罢工，使突然想起，袭击，打动”；另外，它还是名词，表示“打击；空袭；攻击；罢工，罢市，罢课”Somebody was beating at the door.有人不停地敲门。The car ran out of control and struck a tree.汽车失去控制，撞在树上。She hit him on the head with a book.她用书打他的头。5.damage n损失；损害v.损失；损害Fires caused by the California Earthquake did the most damage. （教材P29）由加利福尼亚地震

11、引起的大火造成了最严重的破坏。Smoking can damage your health.抽烟会损害你的健康。do/cause damage to 对造成损害The accident did a lot of damage to the car.这一事故把汽车损坏得很厉害。Frost caused heavy damage to the crops.霜冻对农作物造成了重大损害。辨析:harmhurtinjure物理上的伤害，但不影响wound 物理上的伤害，枪伤，刀伤。ruin 毁坏，彻底的毁坏。damage 损坏，destroy 损坏，不可恢复的损坏。4 ruinv. （使）破产；（使）堕

12、落；毁灭n. 毁灭；废墟 in ruins 成为废墟 go/fall/come to ruin 毁灭；崩溃；破坏掉【易混辨析】ruin, damage, destroy和harm（1） ruin 一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏，但往往是非暴力 的， 也往往不是一次性打击的结果， 常指对美好的或希望 中的事物的破坏。（2） damage 一般指对物体或生命的局部损伤，使整体的价值 或作用降低或变得无价值、 无作用。它既可作名词， 也可 作动词。作名词时常构成搭配： cause/do damage （to）（对）造成损害。（3） destroy 往往指对某物体进行完全的毁坏，使之无法恢复。（4） h

13、arm 一般指伤害有生命的东西，常指伤及人的健康、 权利、 事业等。 What he faced ruined his hope. 他所面对的使他的希望破灭了。 The whole city was destroyed in the earthquake. 整个城市在地震中被毁掉了。 We wanted to have a look at the ruins of Pompeii. 我们想看一下庞贝城的废墟。 They managed to repair the houses that had been damaged. 他们设法修复了受到破坏的房子。课文：6.end up 结果为，以结束（1

14、）end （up） in 以告终，结果为 ended up in the seaend （up） with 以结束（指以某种方式结束）end up as 作为而结束end up doing sth. 结果（2）come to an end 结束put an end to 结束from beginning to end 从头至尾，自始至终on end 竖立；笔直地；连续地make （both） ends meet 使收支相抵；量入为出She had always wanted to be a writer but ended up as a teacher.她立志当作家，但结果当了教师。At t

15、he dinner we usually begin with soup and end up with fruit.在宴会上，通常开始的一道菜是汤，最后一道是水果。Every time they went dancing, they ended up in a bad mood.每次他们去跳舞，结果心情总是很糟糕。7.cause n原因；起因vt.引起；导致Do you know anything about the events？For example, what causes them? （教材P21） 你知道有关这些事件的事情吗？比方说，什么引起了它们？Smoking is one o

16、f the causes of heart disease. 吸烟是引起心脏病的原因之一。the cause of.的原因cause and effect因果关系cause sb.sth.给某人引来某事cause sb.to do sth.引起某人干某事What caused her to change her mind?是什么使她改变了主意？The child caused his parents a lot of trouble./The child caused a lot of trouble to his parents.这个孩子给他的父母带来了很多麻烦。cause/reasonCa

17、use指造成某种结果的原因，常说the cause of sth.Reason指产生某种行为的理由，常说the reason for sth.The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.导致这次事故发生的原因是他开车太快。The reason why he was driving so fast was that he was afraid of being late for the meeting.他开车开得太快就是因为他怕开会迟到。8.pick up卷起；拾起；拿起Tornadoes can pic

18、k up cars，trains and even houses and put them down in the next streetor even in the next town. （教材P23）龙卷风能把汽车、火车甚至房屋卷起，（然后）把它们抛在旁边的街上甚至在邻近的城镇。The sandstorms picked up many houses last night.昨晚的沙尘暴卷起了许多房屋。The world economy is picking up.世界经济正在复苏。Shall I pick you up at the station?要我开车到车站去接你吗？pick up

19、还可表示驾车去接（某人）；接收，收听（广播）；（经济等）好转；恢复（健康）；偶然得到（学到、发现）pick out挑选；分辨出；领会pick off摘下pick out 挑选出pick from 从.中挑选9.take off 去掉；脱掉；起飞；休假；迅速成功/走红They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken. （教材P23）它们也能将猫和鸡的毛脱掉。Take off your coat and sit down.脱掉外套，坐下吧。The plane takes off in five mi

20、nutes.飞机将在5分钟后起飞。He took two weeks off in August.他在八月份休两个星期假。take away 拿走，带走take in 收留，收养；欺骗；理解I couldnt take in his story at all.我完全不能理解他的话。take on 呈现出take over接管；接任（职位） The young politician took over the leadership of the party.那位年轻的政治家接掌了那个政党的领导位置。take ones timetake ones placetakeseriouslytake a

21、deep breath10.They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was. （教材P23）它们能毁掉房屋，却把里面的家具留在原处。句中leave the furniture inside exactly where it was 是“leave宾语宾语补足语”结构。leave表示“使处于某种状态”。Leave the medicine where the children cant reach it.把药放在孩子们够不到的地方。leave的常见结构如下：leave宾语形容词/副词/介词短语

22、/名词leave宾语现在分词（宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的主谓关系）leave宾语过去分词（宾语与宾补之间为逻辑上的动宾关系）leave宾语动词不定式leave宾语where引导的地点状语从句Leave the door open and you will breathe fresh air.让门开着你就会呼吸到新鲜的空气。The news left me wondering what would happen next.这个消息使我想知道接着会发生什么事情。The bad weather left the project half finished.坏天气使工程只完成了一半。They kille

23、d the bison，cut off the skins and left the bodies to rot.他们把野牛杀死剥皮，尸体就任其腐烂。leave alongleave out遗漏/省去leave behind 忘带/丢下/遗留leave for11.On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. （教材P23）美国每年平均会发生800次龙卷风，造成大约80人死亡，1,500人受伤。（1）on（an/the） average平均I

24、t takes me two hours a day to play table tennis，on average.平均起来，我每天花两小时时间打乒乓球。above the average在平均水平以上below the average在平均水平以下up to the averagewith an average ofToms work at school is above the average.汤姆在校的功课在一般水平之上。（2）本句中的causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries是现在分词短语作状语，表示结果。The football team

25、played in all the European countries，making it famous.那支足球队在所有的欧洲国家踢球，使它自己出了名。现在分词和不定式都可以作结果状语，现在分词一般表示符合逻辑的、必然出现的结果，而不定式常常表示出乎意料的、偶然出现的结果。His parents died，leaving him an orphan.他的父母死了，结果他成了一个孤儿。I hurried to his house，only to find him out.我急急忙忙地赶到他家，结果却发现他不在家。12.By the time it ended，more than 700 pe

26、ople had been killed and 2,700 had been injured. （教材P23）到这次飓风结束时，共有700多人死亡，2,700多人受伤。本句中by the time作连词用，引导时间状语从句，意为“到为止；不迟于”。主句则表示在此时间之前某个事件已完成。当从句用过去时时，主句通常用过去完成时。当从句用一般现在时时，主句通常用将来时或将来完成时。By the time this letter reaches you，I will have left the country.当你收到这封信时，我将已离开这个国家了。By the time she was 15，sh

27、e had written three long novels. 当15岁时，她已经写了三部长篇小说。13.end up 结果为；以结束s coffin ended up in the sea. （教材P23）埋葬科格伦的墓地被飓风破坏，他的棺材最后被卷进了大海。Our game always ends up in a quarrel.我们总是以吵闹结束比赛。end up as.最终成为end up adj./prep.ph. 最终处于状态end up doing sth.最终（表示伴随动作，强调结果）end up with以告终He ended up as the head of the company.他最后成为这家公司的老板。If he carries on driving like that，hell end up dead.他如果继续照那样开车的话，早晚得死于非命。in the endcome to an endbring sth. to an end14.in all 总计；总共In all,830,000 people lost their lives.（教材P29）总共83万人丧生。How much do I owe you in all.我总计欠你多少钱？afte