水泥熟料冷却机中英对照Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、3.1.9 Cooler Dedusting 403.1.10 Developments 423.2 The Cross Bar Cooler 443.2.1 Principle 443.2.2 Main features 443.2.3 Strengths and Weaknesses 463.3 The Travelling Grate Cooler 483.3.1 Principle 483.3.2 Strengths and Weaknesses 504. ROTATING COOLERS 524.1 The Rotary Cooler or Tube Cooler 524.1.1 P

2、rinciple 524.1.2 Design Features 524.1.3 Cooling performance 544.1.4 Strengths / Weaknesses 544.2 The Planetary Cooler 554.2.1 Principle 554.2.2 Historical 564.2.3 Design features 574.2.4 Internal heat transfer equipment （see Fig. 26） 575. VERTICAL COOLERS 605.1 The Gravity Cooler （G - Cooler） 605.2

3、 The Shaft Cooler 60SUMMARY 概述Clinker coolers have two tasks to fulfil: 熟料冷却机有两大作用： Recuperate as much heat as possible from the hot clinker by heating up the air used for combustion 从孰料中回收尽可能多的热量来加热用于燃烧的空气 Cool the clinker from 1400C to temperatures adequate for the subsequent process equipment, no

4、rmally to 100 - 200C. 把熟料从1400C降低到适合后续工艺设备的温度，通常为100 - 200There are mainly two different types of clinker coolers in operation with the following features: 主要有以下两种不同类型的冷却机Grate coolers 篦式冷却机 Crossflow heat exchange through horizontal clinker bed with cold air from below.通过水平的熟料料层与来自篦板下的冷风进行热交换 Cooli

5、ng airflow exceeding combustion air requirement allows low clinker temperatures, but necessitates excess （waste） air dedusting.冷却风量多于需要的热风量可以降低熟料温度，但是会产生废气。 Modern cooler technology with sophisticated plates and forced aeration systems allow combustion air temperatures exceeding 1000 带有精密篦板和强制充气系统的现

6、代冷却技术可使交换后的热空气达到1000 Trend to wider and fewer grates, less cooling air and fixed inlets逐步加宽和减少篦板：减少冷风和固定进口 Largest units: 10000 t/d 最大能力：10000 t/d Travelling grate （Recupol）: last unit built around 1980移动篦板：最后一套生产于1980年左右。Rotating coolers 回转式冷却机 Rotary tube coolers with separate drive or planetary c

7、ooler attached to kiln shell单筒冷却机有独立的驱动，而多筒冷却机要于窑筒体相连 Quasi counter-current flow heat exchange准逆流实现热交换 Cooling air determined by combustion air, no waste air冷风取决于热风，没有废气产生 Heat exchange （recuperation） determined by condition of internal heat transfer equipment热交换取决于固有的传热设备 Limited unit size, up to 3

8、000 t/d 限制单机产量：不超过3000 t/d Planetary cooler not suitable for precalciner technology多筒冷却机对于预分解技术不合适 Practically no new installation built anymore实际上再没有新的设备生产1. INTRODUCTION 介绍The clinker cooler is a vital part of the kiln system and has a decisive influence on the performance of the plant. Three key

9、indicators characterize a good cooler:熟料冷却机是窑系统中重要的一部分，并且对工厂的生产起着决定性的作用。好的冷却机有以下三个关键性指标; Maximum heat recuperation Minimum cooling air flow Unrestricted availability最大的热回收、最小的冷却风量、不受限制的设备运转率There have been periodic changes in trends during the past decades. Grate coolers were first introduced by Ful

10、ler Company （USA） around 1930. While its design was continuously being optimized, the grate cooler became the predominant type in the 1950s. In the late 1960s, the planetary cooler gained popularity which reached its peak in the 1970s, mainly due to its simplicity. Larger unit capacities with precal

11、ciner technology made the grate cooler the preferred solution again. A wave of grate cooler reengineering starting in the mid 1980s has generated a much improved grate cooler technology as well as a new situation on the suppliers side. New problems were experienced and have been or are being solved.

12、从冷却机的发展来看，过去的几十年来有个周期的变化。大约1930年，篦式冷却机首先由（美国的）富勒公司引入，由于他的设计持续不断地优化，直到二十世纪五十年代，篦式冷却机成为主要类型的冷却机。由于多筒式冷却机的简便易操作，在后来的二十世纪六十年代，多筒式冷却机变得比较普遍，到了七十年代达到巅峰。预分解技术的单机能力加大，又使得篦式冷却机被优先选用。八十年代中期，篦式冷却机的重新设计不但使得他的技术大大提高，而且供应商方面也有了新的位置。遇到的新问题已经或正在被逐步解决。Since cement plants have life cycles of 40 years and more, numero

13、us units of each cooler type, planetary, rotary or grate cooler of old or new designs, will remain in operation for many more years.由于水泥厂的生命周期为40年或者更长，每种型号的冷却机，无论多筒的、回转的或篦板式的，还是以前设计的或新型的，在使用上都应该保持更长的时间。2. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 一般原理The clinker cooler has the following tasks to fulfil:熟料冷却机履行以下三个职责：

14、Process internal heat recuperation by heat transfer from clinker to combustion air通过从熟料到热空气的热交换实现工艺自身的余热利用 Reduce clinker temperature to facilitate clinker handling and storage降低熟料温度便于熟料输送和储存 Provide maximum cooling velocity to avoid unfavorable clinker phases and crystal size提供最快的冷却速度，以免不良孰料相和晶粒产生H

15、eat Flow in a Kiln System 窑系统的热流量The importance of the cooler as a heat recuperator can be well demonstrated with a heat flow （Sanki） diagram. 作为热回收器的冷却机的重要性可以用热流量图来充分说明Figure 1 Clinker cooler and kiln system 熟料冷却机和窑系统Figure 2 Energy turnover （Grate cooler） 能量转换（篦板式冷却机）Definitions 定义 As for other co

16、mponents of the kiln system, specific figures for clinker coolers refer to 1kg of clinker. This eliminates the influence of plant size and allows direct comparison of clinker coolers of different types and sizes.相对于窑系统而言，熟料冷却机的单位指标指的是1kg熟料，这样可以消除工厂大小不同的影响，并允许直接比较不同类型、不同产量的熟料冷却机。 Cooling air is the a

17、ir which passes the clinker thus being heated up while cooling the clinker. It corresponds approximately to the combustion air requirement, only grate coolers allow additional air for better cooling.冷风是指在熟料冷却的同时通过熟料于是被加热的空气。冷风（量）大约相当于需要的热风（量），只有篦式冷却机为了有更好的冷却效果允许有多余的空气。 Primary air is the air which i

18、s required for proper functioning of the burner. Ambient air insufflated by a separate small fan plus the air from a pneumatic transport system, amounting from 30% of the air required to combust that fuel. Some precalciner burners are equipped with primary air fans （for cooling） as well.一次风是指达到合适的燃烧

19、状态所需要的空气，周围的空气通过气力输送系统中单独的风机吹入，风量为燃料燃烧所需空气的10% 30%。有的分解炉燃烧器也配置了一次风机（为冷却用）。 Secondary air is the hot air entering the rotary kiln via clinker cooler. Its flow is determined by the combustion of the burning zone fuel. While cooling the clinker, it reaches temperatures of 600 to over 1000C, depending o

20、n type and condition of the cooler.二次风是指通过熟料冷却机进入窑系统的热风，它的风量由烧成带燃料的燃烧来决定。通过冷却熟料，二次风的温度依据冷却机的型号和工况不同可达600C 1000余C不等。, Tertiary air is that part of the combustion air which is required for combusting the precalciner fuel. It is extracted from kiln hood or cooler roof, and then taken along a duct （=ter

21、tiary air duct） parallel to the kiln to the precalciner. It reaches temperatures near or equal to the level of the secondary air.三次风是指用于分解炉燃料燃烧的一部分热风，它从窑头罩或冷却机顶部引出，通过于窑平行的管道（三次风管）到达分解炉，它达到的温度接近或相当于二次风的温度。 Middle air （grate cooler only） is extracted from the cooler roof if drying of process materials

22、 requires a temperature level which is higher than the waste air. If the quantity is small, up to 450C can be expected at normal cooler operation.中间风（只有篦式冷却机才有）从冷却机顶部引出，如果烘干工艺原料需要的温度高于废气温度（可以使用中间风）；如果量少，在正常的冷却机操作情况下可以达到450C。 Waste air （grate cooler only） is also called cooler exit air or cooler exce

23、ss air. The total cooling airflow from the fans is normally higher than the flow required for combustion （=tertiary + secondary air）. The extra air, which has normally a temperature of 200 to 300C, must be vented to ambient via a dedusting system.废气（只有篦式冷却机才有）也称冷却机排气或冷却机过剩空气。从冷却风机来的总冷风量通常高于（燃料）燃烧需要的

24、热风量（三次风+二次风），多余的空气，通常情况下可达200 to 300C,，必须通过收尘系统排入大气。 False air is cold air entering the system via kiln outlet seal, burner opening, casing or clinker discharge. It either dilutes secondary air thus reducing recuperated heat or adds load to the waste air system of grate coolers.漏风指通过窑头密封、燃烧器喷嘴开口、外罩、

25、卸熟料进入系统的冷风。它也稀释了二次风、降低了热回收，或者增加了篦式冷却机的废气。 Specific air volumes are airflows per kg of clinker （m3/kg cli, Nm3/kg cli）. Independent of the kiln size, airflows of cooler systems can be directly compared.单位风量是指每kg熟料的冷风量（m3/kg cli, Nm3/kg cli），无论窑的大小，冷却机系统的冷风量能够直接相比。 Specific loads express the relation

26、of clinker production to a characteristic dimension of the cooler （t/d m, t/d m2, t/d m3）. Exact definitions vary with cooler type.单位负荷是指熟料产量与冷却机基准尺寸的比值关系（t/d m, t/d m2, t/d m3）.。精确的定义将随冷却机型号而变化。 Radiation losses from the cooler casing/shell are particularly important for planetary coolers, where th

27、ey actively support the cooling of the clinker.辐射损失：来自冷却机壳的辐射损失对于多筒冷却机是特别重要的，多筒冷却机主要在那里进行熟料冷却。 Efficiency expresses the quality of heat transfer from clinker to the air which is used for combustion in the burning zone and precalciner firing. 效率是指从熟料到用于烧成带和分解炉燃料燃烧的热风热交换的质量。Remark: Since the heat recu

28、perated is proportional to hot air used for combustion and temperature, an efficiency figure is only meaningful if it is related to a heat consumption figure （resp. a combustion airflow）.摘要： 由于热回收与用于燃烧的热风和温度是成比例的，而且，一个效率指标如果它与一个热消耗指标建立关系，它就是有意义的。Figure 3 Clinker coolers Definitions 熟料冷却机定义Calculatio

29、ns 公式The calculations below are examples of heat balance investigations:下面的公式是研究热平衡的范例： Heat in hot clinker Qcli :Qcli = mcli* cpcli* （tcli - t ref）Example with mcli =1 kg/h:tcli = 1400C:Qcli = 1 kg/h * 1.090 kJ/kgC * （1400C-20C） = 1504 kJ/h Heat in hot air Qair :Qair = Vair* cpair* （tair - t ref）Ex

30、ample with V air = 1Nm3/h:tair = 1066Qair = 1 Nm3/h * 1.421 kJ/Nm3C * （1066C） = 1486 kJ/h Radiation loss Qrad :Q rad =CR * * A （t/100）4 - （t0/100）4Grate coolerQrad = 20 kJ/kg cli （from experience）Cooler efficiency coolerThe secondary （+ tertiary） air requirements are dictated by the amount of fuel fed to the burners. Per this definition, the efficiency of a