形容词专讲熊琦英.docx

1、形容词专讲熊琦英形容词和副词用法专题讲解竹园中学 熊琦英一、形容词（一）定义：说明事物或人的性质或特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或不定代词的词叫形容词 （二）形容词的用法和在句中的位置 1）定语，放在名词之前，不定代词之后 What a fine day! I have something important to tell you. 2）表语, 放在系动词之后。 She looks happy. 3）宾语的补语，放在宾语之后。Rainy days made me sad.I find it difficult to study English well. 4）某些形容词放在定冠词之后，变成

2、名词，表示一类人 常见的有good/ bad, rich/poor , deaf/ blind, black/ white等 The young should be polite to the old.（三） 形容词的排列顺序当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时，形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为： （限定词）一般描绘性形容词表示大小、长短、高低的形容词表示年龄、新旧的形容词表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词表示物质、材料的形容词（名词）。 There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the village. （四）有一些表示情感的表语形容词后可接动词不定

3、式 be +glad, happy, pleased+ to do sth.sorry, sad, sure, kindready, afraid, ableeasy, difficult（五） 常见名词变形容词的方法：名词构成方法意义举例表示天气的名词-y多.的Cloud cloudy wind- windy sun-sunny 表示方位的名词-ern的方位West western east eastern表示称谓的名词-ly般的Friend friendly 表示时间的名词- ly 每.的Week weekly day daily表示物质的名词 - en制成的Wood wooden gol

4、d golden表示情感的名词- ful- y-less的无的Care-careful use useful Luck-lucky noise- noisyHope- hopeless care-careless表示大洲和国家的名词-n.的的人Asia Asian America- American（六）、使用形容词的几个常用句型. 1. “It is + adj. + to do sth(不定式), 表示：做某事是怎样的。 It is difficult to see and hear at the back. 【注】其中It叫形式主语，不定式叫真实主语，翻译时先译不定式, 这样做是为了避免

5、句子显得头重脚轻. 2. “It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 表示；对某人来说做某事是怎样的 这一句型中常用的形容词有dangerous (危险的), difficult (困难的), easy (容易的), hard (艰难的), important (重要的), impossible (不可能的), interesting (有趣的), necessary(必要的), pleasant(舒适的), safe(安全的), useful(有益/用的)等, It is important for Tom to work on his fathers farm.

6、Its very necessary for students to listen to teachers carefully. 3. It is + adj. + of sb. 意为：某人是怎样的。. It is very kind of her. 4. It is + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 意为：某人做某事是怎样的。 这一句型中常用描述行为者的性格、品质的形容词, 如careful(细心的), careless(粗心的), clever(聪明的), foolish(愚蠢的), good(好的), kind(友善的), lazy(懒惰的), nice(友好的),

7、polite(有礼貌的), right(正确的), wrong(错误的)等. Its very kind of you to help me. （七） 形容词的三级。 大部分形容词有三级变化,即：原级，比较级 (意为：“更加/比较. 的”)，最高级(意为：“最.的”). 三级变化分规则变化和不规则变化。(A).规则变化： 1. 单音节和少数双音节形容词(多半是没加前缀或后缀的形容词)的规则变化. (1).一般在形容词词尾直接加er构成比较级, 直接加est构成最高级，talltallertallest， longlongerlongest, shortshortest (2). 以不发音的字母

8、e结尾的形容词，只需加r构成比较级, 加st构成最高级。nicenicernicest, fine finerfinest, largelargerlargest (3). 以辅元辅结尾的重读闭音节形容词，先双写这个辅音字母，再加 er构成比较级，加est构成最高级，bigbiggerbiggest， hothotterhottest, redredderreddest (4). 以辅音字母+y结尾的形容词，先把y变为i，再加er构成比较级, 加est构成最高级， busybuierbusiest, easyeasiereasiest. 2. 部分双音节形容词(多半是加了前缀或后缀的形容词)和

9、多音节形容词在原级前加more构成比较级, 在原级前加most构成最高级， tiringmore tiringmost tiring, relaxing more relaxingmost relaxing, beautifulmore beautifulmost beautiful (B).不规则变化: 都是单音节形容词 原级 比较级 最高级 good (好的) / well(健康的, 舒服的) better (较/更好的) best (最好的)bad (坏的/糟糕的)/ ill (病的) worse (较/更坏的, 较/更糟糕的) worst (最坏的) many/much (多的) mo

10、re (较/更多的) most (最多的) little (少的，小的) less (较/更少的) least (最少的) old (老的/大的, 旧的) older(, 更老/大/旧的) oldest (最老/旧的)elder (，更老/大的，仅用于兄弟姐妹间) eldest (最老/大的)far(远的) farther (较/更远的) further (进一步的) farthest (最远的) furthest (最远的) 【注】上面几个形容词的用法提示： 1.old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest. 其中elder, eldest只 用于

11、兄弟姐妹的大小关系, 且不能用于含有than的句子中.My elder brother is an engineer. Mary is the eldest of three sisters. 2. far 有两种比较级，farther，further. 在英国英语中两者都可指距离. 但在美国英语中，father 表示距离，further表示“进一步的”. I have nothing further to say. further study. （八） 形容词原级的用法句子使用原级的两大标志 a. 当句中含有as (so)as时，句子一般使用原级. (肯定句中只能用as, 而否定句中可用so

12、或as) Tom is as old as Kate. Tom is twice as old as Kate. His English is as good as yours. This room is not as/so big as that one. b. 当形容词前含有quite, so, too, very等副词时，句子一般用原级，He is too tired to walk on. I am very hungry now, but I dont want to eat. （九） 形容词比较级的用法：句子使用比较级的三大标志： a. 当句中含有than一词时, 句子一般使用比较

13、级, 结构: “形容词比较级+than. ”, 意为:“比更加”. b. 当句中含有, A or B? 时，句子一般使用比较级。 Which pen is newer, this one or that one? c. 当句中含有of the two (+n) 时，句子一般使用比较级。 He is the younger of the two students【注】形容词比较级的修饰语1形容词比较级前可加much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly之类表示程度的状语： Hes feeling much better today. 2也可在比较级前any, no,

14、 some, even, still这类词：Do you feel any better today? 3比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词：My sister is ten years younger than me. 【注】 形容词比较级的特殊用法1.The + 形容词比较级., the + 形容词比较级., 表示越., 就越. The more, the better! 2. 形容词比较级 + and + 形容词比较级 , 表示 越来越. . Its getting hotter and hotter. （十） 形容词最高级用法the + 最高级 + 比较范围 （in/of+比较范围）She

15、 is the tallest student in our class.在句子中，形容词最高级前一般必须有定冠词the. a. 当形容词的最高级前有物主代词或名词所有格时，就不再用定冠词the了 Jim is my best friend. Johns worse habit is getting up late. b. 形容词的最高级作表语, 且不与其他人或物相比较时，也不用定冠词the, Miss Gao is busiest on Friday. c.下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almost。【基础练习】( ) 1 Your room is

16、 _ than mine. A. three time big B. three times big C. three times bigger D. bigger three times( ) 2 When spring comes, it gets_. A. warm and warm B. colder and colder C. warmer and warmer D. shorter and shorter ( )3 _ he read the book, _ he got in it. A. The more; the more interesting B. The less; t

17、he more interesting C. The more; the more interested D. More; more interested ( )4 I like_ one of the two books. A. the older B. oldest C. the oldest D. older ( ) 5 Which do you like _, tea or coffee? A. well B. better C. best D. most ( ) 6 This work is _ for me than for you. A. difficult B. most di

18、fficult C. much difficult D. more difficult ( ) 7 Who jumped_of all? A. far B. farther C. farthest D. the most far ( ) 8 Li Lei is_ student in our class. A. tall B. taller C. tallest D. the tallest ( ) 9 Tom is one of _ boys in our class. A. tallest B. taller C. the tallest B. the tall ( ) 10 Englis

19、h is one of_ spoken in the world. A. the important languages B. the most important languages C. most important language D. the most important language ( )11. Most of the woods _ been taken good care of. A. are B. is C. has D. have ( )12 Im not _ to lift the heavy box. A. short enough B. enough tall

20、C. health enough D. strong enough( )13 Which is_, Li Lei or Wu Tong? A. strong B. strongest C. stronger D. the strongest ( )14 Do you have _ to tell us? A. something new B. new something C. anything new D. new anything ( ) 15. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _.A. more and rich B. more ri

21、ch and more richC. richer and richer D. rich and rich副词一. 定义: 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。 二副词分类( 一)、时间副词 1. 常见的时间副词 常见的时间副词有now, then, soon, ago, , lately, later, finally, before, early, today tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, , already, just 等。 2. 时间副词在句中的位置 (1) 表确定时间的副词(如today, yesterday等)通常位于句末

22、，有时也位于句首： He went home yesterday. Yesterday he went home.而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如 soon, recently, suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外，还可位于句中(通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)： He went to Paris recently. (2) still, already, just 等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)： I have already finished my work. 我已经做完了工作。 （二）、地点副词 1. 常见的地点

23、副词here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs 等。2. 地点副词在句中的位置 地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首，但从不位于主语和谓语之间。若有多个副词排列，地点副词通常位于方式副词之后，时间副词之前： Can you help to carry this table upstairs? （三）、方式副词 1. 方式副词的特点 方式副词表示动词的行为方式，许多以-ly结构的副词都是方式副词， carefully, happil

24、y, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily 等。 2. 方式副词在句中的位置 方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后： He read the letter slowly. （四）、频度副词 1. 频度副词的特点 频度副词表示动作发生的次数，常见有的ever, never, , seldom, once, often, , usually, , always 等。 2. 频度副词在句中的位置 频度副词通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后： He often comes to see us. 他常来看我们。（五

25、）、程度副词 1. 程度副词的特点 程度副词用于表示程度，常见的有 fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, almost等2. 程度副词的用法注意点 (1) 程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather 等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost 等)： Houses are much more expensive these days. 如今的房价贵多了。 This is quite much the most expensive radio here. 这是这里最贵的收音机。 （六）、疑

26、问副词 疑问副词的特点 疑问副词有when, where, why, how ，who等，用于引出特殊疑问句： Where do you come from? When will it be ready? Why was she crying? 三、副词的位置1. 副词修饰动词时，通常可以放在句首、句中或句末。Usually I do my homework in the evening. (句首) I often get up at six. (句中) Please speak slowly. (句末) 2. 副词修饰形容词或副词时，通常放在形容词或副词的前面如： These flowers

27、 are quite beautiful. （在形容词前） 这些花相当漂亮。 He works very hard. （在副词前）他工作很努力。3. 按一般规则, 既有地点状语又有时间状语时，地点状语应放在时间状语之前。 We had a meeting in the classroom yesterday afternoon. He watched TV at home last night. 五、形容词变为副词 A. 变化规则 1. 一般情况下直接加ly. bad badly carefulcarefully clear clearly2. 少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加-ly. tr

28、uetruly 【提示】：但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly. nicenicely safesafely3. 以“y”结尾, 且读音为/ i /的, 先将“y”改成“i”, 再加“ly”. angryangrily busybusily easyeasily happyhappily 4以-l结尾的形容词, 在词尾加-ly, carefulcarefully usefulusefully usualusually 六、副词的比较等级：（一）概念：副词和形容词一样，也有原级、比较级和最高级三个等级。其构成方式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。规则变化的一般规律是：单音节词的比较级和最高级

29、在词尾加-er或-est; 多音节词以及-ly结尾的副词（early除外），前面加more 或most.。不规则的变化式只能采用“各个击破”的办法去记忆。1）规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 soon loud fast wide early happily carefully sooner louder faster wider earlier more happily more carefully soonest loudest fastest widest earliest most happily most carefully2）不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbadlylittlem

30、uchfarbetterworselessmorefarther（距离）further（程度）bestworstleastmostfarthestfurthest（二）副词的比较级的用法1、单独使用：Try to do better next time. Hell come back sooner or later. Please speak more slowly. 2、和than一起使用： He swims better than I do.。 Can you do any better than that? He arrived earlier than usual. 3、比较级前可有状语修饰：You must work mu