当前我国旅行社的市场结构和现状分析.docx

1、当前我国旅行社的市场结构和现状分析当前我国旅行社的市场结构和现状分析1841年7月5日，托马斯.库克用包租火车的方式组织世界上第一次团体火 车旅行，标志着旅游业的诞生。1845年，他又在英国正式成立了托马斯.库克旅行社，开始专门从事旅行社代理业务，从而成为世界上第一家旅行社。 中国最早的的旅行社诞生于20世纪20年代的上海。随着世界范围内旅游业的发展和繁荣，旅行社已经发展成为世界旅游业的三大支柱之一。在我国旅游业强劲发展的的形势之下，旅行社扮演着极其重要的角色。因此为了了解旅行社，对于旅行社行业的市场结构和发展现状分析很有必要。 一、旅行社的市场结构 (一)旅行社的市场规模 1992-2008

2、年中国旅行社发展规模趋势图(家数) 1、旅行社行业规模 根据国家旅游局统计年鉴数据可得，截止2009年，全国旅行社的数量为21649家，同比增长4.63%。参加年度统计调查的有21224家，占总数的98.04%。 2009年底，全国旅行社总资产585.96亿元，同比增长12.28%，其中，负债345.99亿元，同比增长15.34%;所有者权益239.97亿，同比增长8.15%。按形态分，固定资产106.31亿元，占总量的18.14%，同比增长14.23%;流动资产430.39亿元，占总量的73.45%，同比增长20.95%;其他类型资产49.26亿元，占总量的8.41%。 旅行社直接从业人员为

3、340894人，其中，导游人员112777人、领队人员29593人、会计人员32845人、经理人员84271人、其他人员81408人。 2、旅行社经营规模的效益 参加统计调查的21224家旅行社中，填报数据有效的共计20399家。具有小数据统计，2009年度全国旅行社营业收入1806.53亿元，同比增长8.64%;毛利润总额134.36亿元，毛利率为7.44%;净利润总额11.48亿元，净利率为0.64%;旅游业务营业收入1745.58亿元，同比增长8.87%;旅游业务毛利润为120.28亿元，旅游业务毛利率为6.89%;实缴税金为12.69亿元，同比增长12.37%;外汇结汇10.51亿美元

4、，同比增长11.24%;全年促销费支出6.76亿元，同比增长13.87%。 中国旅行社行业面临的最大挑战就是市场竞争力弱，国外的旅行社一般都是大而且强，尤其是经营国际旅游的旅行业务相对集中在少数大的旅行社，并且形reading professional language literature, assist clinical teaching (theory class and internship class) participation clinical research activities. (Six) emergency ICU 1. Rotary purpose master: s

5、hock, and acute organ function failure, and more organ function obstacles integrated levy, and heart sudden stopped, and breathing sudden stopped, and serious humoral within environment disorder, critical illness of causes, and pathology physiological, and clinical performance, and diagnosis, and id

6、entification diagnosis and treatment common life support technology (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; Various monitoring equipment and rescue equipment (such as defibrillators, ventilators) operation and applications; Common monitoring tech

7、niques (such as body temperature, SpO2, end-expiratory carbon dioxide partial pressure, ECG, blood pressure, blood gas analysis, and so on) operation and application. Familiar: blood purification techniques, such as blood flow, CRRT, Swan-Ganz catheter indications, how and cardiac output monitoring;

8、 Artificial low temperature indication and implementation. About: Intra-Aortic Balloon counterpulsation (IABP) indications and methods of operation. 2. basic requirements: (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: disease on contract number (?) various organ function not full 1

9、0 acute breathing distress integrated levy (ARDS) more than 2 more organ function obstacles integrated levy (MODS) 5 shock 5 heart sudden stopped, and breathing sudden stopped 2 (2) clinical operation technology requirements: clinical operation technology name contract times (?) guardianship instrum

10、ent using 30 by skin Center vein reset tube operation 5 by skin outside week artery puncture reset tube operation 2 artery blood 10 breathing machine using 10 electricweek artery puncture reset tube operation 2 artery blood 10 breathing machine using 10 electric except fibrillation and complex law 2

11、 3. high requirements ( 1) disease and number of contracts number of disease syndrome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome more than 2 2 (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: clinical operations technical contract blood purification technique 2 people . . (1)

12、 the number of species and number of cases (?) gallstone 2 peptic ulcer . 2. basic requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: anesthesia implementation and management contract number (?) local infiltration anesthesia of management 2 vertebral tube anesthesia of mana

13、gement 10 body anesthesia of management 10 (2) clinical operation technology requirements: clinical operation technology name contract times (?) around neural block operation 2 supporting jaw method (open gas road) 10 technique artificial ventilation (using anesthesia machine) 5 ball SAC-mask breath

14、ing device 5 fast tracheal within intubation operation 10 artery puncture reset tube operation 5 heart electric monitoring 10 pulse oxygen monitoring 10 has create blood pressure monitoring 10 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: anesthesia implementat

15、ion and management contract number vertebral tube anesthesia of implementation 2 body anesthesia of implementation 2 arm bundle neural block 2 (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: clinical operation technology name contract times mechanical ventilation (anesthesia breathing machine) 10 c

16、ontrol sex low blood pressure 2 by skin Center vein puncture reset tube 2 (3) language, and teaching, and research, capacity of requirements: 成一定的批发零售网络;而中国旅行社行业的进入门槛较低，所以出现了很多家甚至上万家旅行社，实际上这上万家的旅行社经营规模只能抵得上外国一家大的旅行社的的规模。虽然现在有几家旅行社已经小有规模，但总体上来看，旅行社数量多，经营规模小，市场竞争能力弱的情况任然是比较突出的。因此，盈利能力还是比较差。 (二)旅行社的总体结

17、构 1、旅行社的区域分布 旅行色数量排在前十位的省(自治区，直辖市)依次是:山东1802家，江苏1704家，浙江1502家，河北1116家，辽宁1110家，广东1085家，河南1052家，湖北886家，北京875家。上海873家，10省市旅行社总量占全国旅行社总量的55.45%。由此可见，旅行社的区域分布不均， 2、旅行社经营状况分布 各省(自治区、直辖市)旅行社经营的旅游业务营业收入、旅游业务毛 经对利润、实缴税金、外汇结汇、入境外来人天、国内组织人天、国内接待人天等8项指标进行综合排名，前10名地区为北京、广东、浙江、上海、山东、辽宁、江苏、云南、湖南、四川。由此可推断，旅行社的收入情况也

18、随着区域分布的不均产生了一定的地区差异。 3、旅行社的类别分布 2009年度获得国家旅游局批准的出境游组团社共计1069家，占全国旅行社总数的4.94%;旅游业务营业收入1037.31亿元，占全国的59.42%;旅游毛率润74.54亿元，占全国的61.97%;实缴税金6.76亿元，占全国旅行社的53.25%;外汇结汇8.22亿元，占全国78.23%;入境外联人天、入境接待人天分别是4873.23万、5166.84万，占全国的86.78%和81.95%。 2009年度获得国家旅游局批准的外商投资旅行社共计38家:外商独资旅行社21家，外商控股合资旅行社8家、中方控股合资旅行社9家;北京19家，广

19、东7家，上海6家，湖南、福建、天津、云南、浙江、海南各一家。外资旅行社旅游业务收入25.24亿元，占全国1.44%;旅游业务毛利润2.71亿元，占全国的2.25%;实缴税金0.25亿元，占全国的1.97%;外汇结汇1.36亿美元，占全国的12.93%;入境外联人天、入境接待人天分别为23.14万、110.55万，占全国的0.41%和1.75%。 (三)旅行社的市场集中度 从20世纪80年代开始，以三大旅行社为代表的中国旅行社产业集中度就在不断的下降。1980年三大社的市场份额为79.6%，1993年首次突破25%。截止到2000年还不到15%，市场结构先后经历了寡头垄断和垄断竞争阶段，目前基本

20、上处于完全竞争阶段，竞争的结果使得一些大型的旅行社重新呈现出基于市场竞争基础上的规模化趋势。 以双百强旅行社经营状况来看，1996年前一百家国际旅行社数量仅占到同类旅行社的10%，而业务量占同类旅行社业务总量的50%，外汇收入占84.6%，旅游利润占72.2%;国内前一百家旅行社仅占国内同类旅行社的1%，但业务量占到10%以上。而到2008年，百强国际社数量占到国际旅行社总数的5.08%，百强国际社的旅游业务营业收入占国际旅行社旅游业务旅游收入的总量的49.36%;百强国内的社数量占到国内旅行社总数的0.55%，百强国内社的旅游业务营业收入占国内旅行社旅游业务营业收入总量的15.13%。由此可

21、见，中国旅行社行业内竞争激烈，行业集中度不高，在国际旅游和国内旅游方面的市场集中reading professional language literature, assist clinical teaching (theory class and internship class) participation clinical research activities. (Six) emergency ICU 1. Rotary purpose master: shock, and acute organ function failure, and more organ function ob

22、stacles integrated levy, and heart sudden stopped, and breathing sudden stopped, and serious humoral within environment disorder, critical illness of causes, and pathology physiological, and clinical performance, and diagnosis, and identification diagnosis and treatment common life support technolog

23、y (as cycle breathing support, and nutrition support,) and emergency technology of application; Various monitoring equipment and rescue equipment (such as defibrillators, ventilators) operation and applications; Common monitoring techniques (such as body temperature, SpO2, end-expiratory carbon diox

24、ide partial pressure, ECG, blood pressure, blood gas analysis, and so on) operation and application. Familiar: blood purification techniques, such as blood flow, CRRT, Swan-Ganz catheter indications, how and cardiac output monitoring; Artificial low temperature indication and implementation. About:

25、Intra-Aortic Balloon counterpulsation (IABP) indications and methods of operation. 2. basic requirements: (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: disease on contract number (?) various organ function not full 10 acute breathing distress integrated levy (ARDS) more than 2 more

26、 organ function obstacles integrated levy (MODS) 5 shock 5 heart sudden stopped, and breathing sudden stopped 2 (2) clinical operation technology requirements: clinical operation technology name contract times (?) guardianship instrument using 30 by skin Center vein reset tube operation 5 by skin ou

27、tside week artery puncture reset tube operation 2 artery blood 10 breathing machine using 10 electricweek artery puncture reset tube operation 2 artery blood 10 breathing machine using 10 electric except fibrillation and complex law 2 3. high requirements ( 1) disease and number of contracts number

28、of disease syndrome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome more than 2 2 (2) clinical knowledge, skills required: clinical operations technical contract blood purification technique 2 people . . (1) the number of species and number of cases (?) gallstone 2 peptic

29、ulcer . 2. basic requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: anesthesia implementation and management contract number (?) local infiltration anesthesia of management 2 vertebral tube anesthesia of management 10 body anesthesia of management 10 (2) clinical operation

30、technology requirements: clinical operation technology name contract times (?) around neural block operation 2 supporting jaw method (open gas road) 10 technique artificial ventilation (using anesthesia machine) 5 ball SAC-mask breathing device 5 fast tracheal within intubation operation 10 artery p

31、uncture reset tube operation 5 heart electric monitoring 10 pulse oxygen monitoring 10 has create blood pressure monitoring 10 3. high requirements (1) learning disease species and the cases number requirements: anesthesia implementation and management contract number vertebral tube anesthesia of im

32、plementation 2 body anesthesia of implementation 2 arm bundle neural block 2 (2) clinical knowledge, and skills requirements: clinical operation technology name contract times mechanical ventilation (anesthesia breathing machine) 10 control sex low blood pressure 2 by skin Center vein puncture reset

33、 tube 2 (3) language, and teaching, and research, capacity of requirements: 度方面表现出很大的差异:前者明显高于后者的市场集中度，国内旅游市场虽然很发达，但面临的竞争也是空前激烈的。 二、旅行社的现状 (一)旅行社的问题与不足。 1、总量不足，结构不均。所谓总量不足是指一家旅行社平均的人数以及合乎国家标准的旅行社的数量不足，结构不均是指旅行社在规模和地域的结构上都存在着问题。 2、价格和数量都比较低。由于竞争层次比较低所以出现了低价的不正当竞争，甚至出现“零团费”“负团费”的现象。这样实际上损害了旅游者的利益，不立于旅游业的长期发展。 3、产品出现雷同，市场