必修三unit1修改版.docx

1、必修三unit1修改版Unit 1 Festivals around the worldWarming up1.Festivals are meant to celebrate important times of year .节日是用来庆祝一年中重要时刻的。(1) be meant to do 意为“应当；打算用来；”，主语通常为“物”。The room was originally meant to hold three students,but now five people are living in it.Thats why it looks so crowded.这间屋子原打算住3

2、个学生，但现在住进了5个。这就是为什么显得这么挤的原因。相关链接：be meant for意为“打算给某人” “打算做用”，且更为常见，主语多为物，后面接名词。This gift is meant for you . 这件礼物是给你准备的。What is this meant for? 这个准备做什么用？或 “注定”的意思，主语多为人。He is not meant for a soldier and will always be unhappy in the army .他生来就不适合当军人，参了军也永远不会快乐。mean doing sth. 的意思是“意味着(必须要做某事或导致某种结果)

3、”，其主语通常是指事物的词。Being a student means studying hard. 作为一个学生，(意味着)你要努力学习。 Success means working hard. 成功意味着工作努力。 mean to do sth. mean to do sth. 的意思是“打算或企图做某事”, 其主语通常是表示人的名词或代词。例如： What do you mean to do with it? 你打算把它怎样处理? We mean to call on you tomorrow. 我们打算明天看望你。 (2006湖南)If you think that treating

4、a woman well means always her permission for things,think again. A.gets B.got C. to get D.getting(2007江西 35)-Ouch！You hurt me !-I am sorry .But I any harm .I to drive a rat out .A.didnt mean；tried B.dont mean；am trying C.havent meant；tried D.didnt mean；was trying (2)celebrate做动词，意为“纪念，庆祝；颂扬，赞美”，本句中指

5、“庆祝”，celebrate 表示：“庆祝”时，宾语是指事，多指重大或重要的节日，如新年、圣诞节、结婚纪念日等。其名词形式为celebration ,常用短语havehold a celebration指“举行庆祝”，in celebration of 指“为了庆祝”。相关链接：congratulate可指“庆祝，祝贺”，其宾语是受祝贺的人，可构成短语congratulate sb on sthdoing sth ,多指因取得成绩，获得成功，荣誉，奖励等而庆祝。例如：We congratulated her on having passed the examinations.我们祝贺她通过了考

6、试。名词为congratulation,可构成短语send/offer congratulations to sb on sthdoing sth (其中常用congratulations).2.Discuss when they take place ,what they celebrate and what people do at that time .讨论什么时候庆祝节日，他们庆祝什么样的节日和人们当时做什么？take place 是“发生；举行”的意思。这个动词短语是不及物的，后面不能接宾语，常表示“经过事先安排而发生的”Great changes have taken place

7、in our hometown during the past ten years. In 1919,the May 4th Movement took place in China.1919年，中国爆发了五四运动。相关链接：happen vi，常常带有“偶然”未能预见”的意思。Luckily the earthquake didnt happen in the center of the city.幸运的是地震并没有发生在市中心。happen to do 指“碰巧做某事”：The doctor happened to be out when you called .你打电话时医生恰巧没在家。

8、occur作动词，也表示发生，另外，occur还可以作“使想到、突然想起”解，常用词组：sth occur to sb /it occurred to sb that 例如：These events occurred/happened in 1909.这些事件发生于1909年。It occurred to me that she didnt know I had moved into the new house.break out意思为“发生、爆发”，常指战争、灾难、疾病或者争吵等事件的发生，也可以表示突然大声叫喊等，例如： Two world wars broke out last cent

9、ury. A fire broke out in the hospital in the mid-night. She broke out, “That is too unfair!”come about表示“发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句Ill never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week. (2005名校联考)All but one take part in the conference tomorrow.A.is going to；that is

10、about to take place B.are going to；that is about to take place C.are going to；that is to be taken place D.are going to；which is to take place (2006安徽，25)I along the street looking for a place to park when the accient .A.went；was occurring B.went；occurred C.was going ；occurrd D.was going；had occurred

11、 ReadingFestivals and celebrations1.At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find ,especially during the cold winter months.在那个年代，如果食物难以找到，尤其是在寒冷的冬季，人们就会挨饿。(1)句中would 是情态动词，在这里是“过去常常是：总会：过去往往会”的意思 ，表示过去习惯的行为。例如：The retired captain would sit hours on the seaside watching ships sailin

12、g past.退休的船长经常坐在海边观望过海的轮船，一坐就是几个小时。相关链接：would & used to Would与used to都可用来表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作，常常可以换用。When we were boys we used to/would go swimming every summer.小时候，每到夏天我们都要去游泳。 He used to/would spend every penny he earned on books过去，他通常把挣来的钱全花在买书上。Would与used to都不能与具体的次数或具体的一段时间连用。例如，不能说： I would/used to

13、go to France six times He used to live in Africa for twenty years上两句应改成： I went to France six times 我去过法国6次。 He lived in Africa for twenty years. 他在非洲住过20年。used to 过去常常干某事，暗指现在不这样了,强调今惜对比。He used to swim in the river in summer. 夏天他常常在这条河里游泳。Peasants used to live a poor life.would 过去常常干某事，但不涉及现在的情况.H

14、e would sit there alone, thinking. 他会独自一人坐在那儿思考。When I met difficulty, he would help me out.(2) starve “饿死：挨饿”的意思，starve 还可以表示“感觉很饿：(=to feel very hungry ),仅用于进行时态。starvation 是名词形式。When will the dinner be ready?Im starving.饭什么时候做好？我快饿死了。短语starve to death = die of starvation/hunger饿死 starve sb to dea

15、th 把某人饿死starve for sth. = be starved of sth. = hope/long for sth. 希望/渴望得到某物The homeless children were starving for love .这些无家可归的孩子渴望得到爱。Millions of people starved to death during the war .战争中数以万计的人挨饿致死。 (3)be difficult to find 是“形容词+不定式”结构，表示“难以找到，难以发现。”英语中，形容词+不定式to+不定式与主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾，就使用主动代被动的形式。这类用

16、法的形容词常见的有easy,hard,difficult,interesting,pleasant,nice,fit ,unfit ,dangerous ,important, heavy, light, cheap，expensive等。English is hard to learn.The school bag is heavy to carry.The water is fit to drink.(4)句中的especially 是especial的副词形式，意为“特别的”。作为副词，该词还可表示“特别，尤其，格外，主要，特地.”I liked all the children ,To

17、m especially.我喜欢所有的孩子，特别是汤姆。We need to be especially careful.我们需要特别小心。相关链接：especially ,specially 与particularly的辨析：especially 强调尤其指出，指有意突出到明显或例外的程度。Noise is troublesome, especially when you are trying to sleepsspecially 强调“专门的”，特别的，指为某个目的而专门做某事I came here specially to ask you a question.particular 独特

18、性或与众不同，常指以不同的方式突出事物的个性或独特之处He isnt particular clever, but industrious.(2003上海春季)According to the recent survey(调查)，cancer is the leading cause of death among young adults in this area,_ women.A. apparently B. especially C. exactly D. probably2.Some festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy

19、 the ancestors,who might return either to help or to do harm .有一些节日是为了纪念死者或者取悦祖先，因为祖先们有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。(1)honour vt (美式英语中为honor）表示“敬重；尊敬”，其后必须加宾语，常用搭配be honoured for 因而受到尊敬 He was honoured for excellence in teaching.他由于在教学中教得非常出色而受到尊敬。be honoured as 被尊为be honoured with 被授予 He was honoured

20、with an award for excellence in teaching.他由于在教学中教得非常出色而被授予了一个奖项。feel honoured to do 因做而感到荣幸I felt very honoured to be included in the team .加入到这个团队，我觉得非常荣幸.n 常用短语in honour of 表示“向表示敬意；为纪念They have a party in honour of this famous writer.他们为纪念这位著名的作家而举办了这个晚会。feel it an honour to do .把当做荣幸 I felt it a

21、n honour to be included in the team .加入到这个团队，我觉得非常荣幸.have the honour to do .有幸做I had the honour to represent our class to make a speech here.我有幸代表我们班做演讲。(2)satisfy vt“使（人）感到满意、满足的”，注意其宾语应为人，主语则往往为物。The work does not satisfy me. 这项工作我不满意。相关链接表示心理的情感动词，如satisfy(满意)，excite(兴奋), surprise(吃惊), puzzle(使迷惑

22、), frighten(使恐惧), interest(使感兴趣), worry(焦虑), disappoint(失望), move(使感到), bore(厌烦), confuse(使迷惑), astonish(使吃惊), please(使高兴，满意)现在分词：表示所修饰词给他人的感觉，指“令人的”过去分词：表示所修饰词本身状态，指“本身的”做定语exciting news令人兴奋的消息(news给别人的感觉)excited faces一张张兴奋的面孔(face本身所处的状态)做表语The result is satisfying.这个结果令人满意。(result给别人的感觉)He is sat

23、isfied with the result.他对这个结果满意。(he本身所处的状态)做补语I find the film moving.我发现这部电影令人感动。(film给别人的感觉)I find him moved.我发现他很感动。(him本身所处的状态)(2000北京春季，18)Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does _ his boss.A. serves B. satisfied C. promises D. supports(2006天津，7）A good story does no

24、t necessarily have to have a happy ending, but the reader must not be left_. A. unsatisfied B. unsatisfying C. to be unsatisfying D. being satisfied(3) harm n.伤害，损害 vt.伤害，损害do harm to sb.伤害某人，相当于do sb. harm或者harm+nSmoking does harm to us.=Smoking does us harm.=Smoking harms our health.吸烟危害我们的健康。派生：h

25、armful adj.有害的be harmful to 对有害harmless adj. 无害的，无恶意的词语辨析：injure, harm, wound, hurt1 injure多指在意外事故中受伤。She was slightly/badly/seriously injured in the accident.她在那次事故中受伤很轻/很重/很严重。短语：sb be injured/ injure sb2 harm做动词和名词，意为伤害，危害，指精神上或物质上的危害。短语：do sb. harm / do harm to sb./ harm sb. “对某人有危害”3 wound作动词和名

26、词，主要指暴力或战争中所受的伤，如刀伤、枪伤。He got wounded in the war. 他在战争中受伤了。短语：be/get wounded4 hurt 主要指身体上、心灵上和感情上的伤害；还可以指身体某一部分疼。He didnt want to hurt her feelings.他不想伤害她的感情。My arm hurts.(2001上海，54)My chest _ when I make a deep breath, doctor. A. harms B. wounds C. hurts D. injures3.For the Japanese festival Obon,

27、people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors.至于日本的盂兰盆节，人们会扫墓点熏香来纪念他们的祖先。in memory of介词短语，常后接n，意思是“（为了）纪念某人或某事“。in memory of 构成的短语在句中做目的状语。例如：There is a tablet in memory of those who died.那儿有一块纪念死去的人的碑。The group lit candles in memory of Laura and her brother.人们点亮了蜡烛

28、来纪念劳拉和她的弟弟。相关链接：类似in memory of 的介词短语有：in memory of 纪念 in praise of 歌颂 in place of 代替 in favour of 赞同in charge of 负责 in celebration of 庆祝 in search of 搜查 in possession 拥有in case of 如果，万一 in terms of 就而言 in need of 需要4.They also light lamps and play music because they think that this will lead the anc

29、estors back to earth.他们还点灯笼和演奏音乐，因为他们认为这样会引导他们的祖先回来。lead to还可引申为“导致，引起”等意思，注意此时to是介词，其后要跟名词，代词或动名词。Too much work and too little rest lead to illness.太劳累、休息太少会得病。（跟名词）His remark led to further discussion.他的一句话导致进一步讨论。（跟名词）lead to (介词)someplace通向。The path leads to the village.这条小路通到那个村庄。All roads lead

30、 to Rome.条条道路通罗马。lead sb to someplace把某人领到某地She led me to the classroom.她领我去了教室。 He led us to his home.他把我们带到他家。相关链接：英语中“动词+ 介词to”构成的短语比较多，类似的还有：be used to习惯于belong to 属于stick to 坚持turn to转向；求助于devoted to献身于thanks to 多亏了；由于be admitted to 被录取get down to 着手做in addition to除之外be known to 为所知be important

31、 to 对重要turn a blind eye to对视而不见turn a deaf ear to 对充耳不闻lead to 导致prefer to更喜欢(2004湖北，32)Once a decision has been made, all of us should _ it.A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer to(2004上海春季，54)It was foolish of him to _ his notes during that impotant test, and as a result, he got punished. A. stick to B. refer to C. keep to D. point to5.On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them.在这样重要的盛宴日子里，人们会吃头盖骨形状的食物和上面有“骨头”的蛋糕。1) in the sha