英语语法非谓语动词与介词口诀.docx

1、英语语法非谓语动词与介词口诀非谓语动词的用法(1)在英语语法中，掌握好动词的用法是最重要的，而非谓语动词又是动词中非常重要的一部分，由于它们内容多，有些用法相似，所以不好掌握，经常被混淆用错，笔者通过列表比较方法，我们会对非谓语动词的用法一目了然，找出异同，更好的掌握它们的用法，下面通过列表比较的方式，分析非谓语动词的主要用法。 非谓语动词和谓语动词的相对时间关系 非谓语动词 相对谓语动词的时间意义 例句 一般式不定式 说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数是那些表愿望的词：want; hope; expect; wish等。 I want to go home.I hope to see

2、you. %说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生，多数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾语。 I saw him come in.He helped him (to) carry things. 一般式动名词 表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。 We enjoyed seeing the film.I am thinking of taking over the job. 在动词insist on; rely on; count on(相信)等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。 He insisted on doing that work 在有些明确表示时间先后的动词和介词on;

3、 upon after代替完成动名词表示的动作在谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 I remember seeing him before.On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend. 一般式分词 现在分词 持续性动词 说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。 He stood there speaking.Holding a book under his arm, he entered the room. 终止性动词 说明分词表示的动作发生之后，句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发生。 Entering the room, I found no

4、body in.Turning to the right, you will find the post office. 过去分词 持续性动词 通常说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。 Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.I cant find my lost pen. 同谓语 插入语 2. 非谓语动词作主语 非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句 不定式 动词不定式表示比较具体的意义，经常和特定的动作和执行者联系起来，经常带时间或地点状语，有时表示将要发生的动作。 To master a foreign languag

5、e is no easy job.To do it well is my earnest desireTo see this film is to waste time.To solve this problem is out of the question 动词不定式（短语）作主语时，常见的另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语，而将动词不定式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词，动词和名词 1)形容词作表语（常见的形容词有：important, difficult, easy hard possible）It is foolish to act in this

6、way.It sounds reasonable to do it this way.It appears likely for them to arrive.2) 动词作谓语（常见的动词有：require, cost, amuse, delight, irritate, annoyIt took much time to do this.It makes us excited to think about that.It needed hard work to finish the job.It does no good to say like that.It didnt occur to

7、me to ask him to help me.3)名词作表语It seems a pity to waste them.It is a great pleasure to do thisIt is a good idea to think this way. 动名词 #动名词表求比较抽象（一般）和经常性的意义，有时可同不定式互换 Collecting stamps is a good hobby.Swimming is a best sport in summer.There is no telling what will happen.There is no denying the fa

8、ct.There is no need informing him of it. 动名词短语作主语时，常见的另一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语面将动名词短语移至谓语之后作真实主语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容词和名词 1)形容词作表语(常见的形容词有：enjoyable, good, hard, worthwhile)It is nice talking to you.Its foolish behaving like that.It is useless doing that2)名词作表语Its waste of time doing this. Its no good (use) d

9、oing that.Its an awful job doing this. Its fun doing thisIt is not an easy task doing this work. 3. 非谓语动词作宾语 成分 非谓语动词 意义和用法 例句 。直接宾语 不定式 不定式的逻辑主语一般同谓语动词的主语一致 I want to read a novel.用于该形式的常见的动词有：afford, agree, aim, apply, arrange, ask, choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect

10、, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, swear, threaten, wish.有时宾语省略不定式符号(常见的有：let fall, let pass, let go, let slip, d better, d rather, d soon,He made believe he was correct. 动词不定式（短语）作宾语时，如其后有补足语，则可以用先行语it作形式宾语，而将动词不定式（短语）后移作直接宾语 He found it necessary to work hard at English.

11、用于该形式的常见的动词有：acknowledge, believe, consider, count, declare, deem, deny, esteem, fancy, feel, find, guess, imagine, judge, know, make, prove, realize, report, see, show, suppose, suspect, take(think), understand, think. 动名词 动名词的逻辑主语有时同谓语动词的主语不一致 Do you mind my smoking 动名词（短语）作宾语时，如其后有补足语则可以用先行词it作形式

12、宾语，而将动名词短语后移作直接宾语 We found it troublesome solving this problem.We consider it worthwhile spending some time on this. 有一类动词后面必须跟动名词 We enjoyed staying there.常见的动词有：admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, advocate, avoid, confess, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, discontinue, excuse, evade, fancy

13、, finish, imagine, include, involve, justify, keep(on), mind, necessitate, pardon, postpone, practise, renounce, resent, facilitate, favor, miss, resist. 有一类动词后面可跟动名词也可以跟不定式 1) 意义区别不大。He began learning (to learn) English at the age of five.常见的动词有：start, like, hate, love, continue, prefer, commence,

14、attempt, intend, propose, decline, endure, neglect, omit, recollect, recall, bear.2)意义有区别a) remember doing sth 记住做过某事。 remember to do sth 记住要做某事。b)forget doing sth 忘记做过某事。 forget to do sth 记住要做某事。c)regret doing sth 遗憾做过某事。 regret to do sth 遗憾要做某事。d)try doing sth 试着做某事。 try to do sth 努力做某事。e)mean doi

15、ng sth 意旨做某事。 mean to do sth 打算做某事。f)stop doing sth 停止做某事。 stop to do sth 停下来做某事。g)cant help doing sth 忍不住做某事。 cant help to do sth 不能帮做某事。h)go on doing sth 继续做某事。 go on to do sth 接着做另一事。 短语动词宾语 动名词 这一类多是动词和小品词构成的短语 He insisted on doing that.常见的短语有：stand up, leave off, put off, give up, cant help(sta

16、nd) 不定式 这一类多数是一些特定的用法。 He is about to leave. He did nothing but play.d rather do sth, d better do sth, d like/love to do sth, 宾语宾补 不定式 强调动作发生的事实、将要和应该做的事 We saw him come in. I asked him to help me.I helped him (to) learn English.He arranged for me to stay there.常见的动词有：1)省略不定式符号的动词：make, let, have, s

17、ee, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at2)表示“致使”意义的动词：advice, cause, allow, ask, beg, drive, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, permit, persuade, remind, teach, tell, trust, urge, want, warn3)表示心理状态的动词：consider, declare find, prove, think, know, believe, discover, fee

18、l, imagine, judge, suppose, understand.4)短语动词 arrange for, prepare for, provide for, ask for, care for, long for, wait for, vote for, call on, rely on, depend on, count on 动名词 说明实际的情况，这种形式数量不多。 We call this process testing.We know of the earth behaving as a large magnet. 分词 现在分词 强调动作进行的过程 ;I found h

19、im coming in.He kept him waiting outside.如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了主语补语，分词形式不变。He was seen coming in 过去分词 表示动作已完成，同宾语是被动关系，说明动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前。have (get) 表示的动作往往表示别人完成，有时这个动作可能由主语完成 We found him tied to the tree.I had my hair cut.I cant get this motor started.如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了主语补语，分词形式不变。He was found tied

20、 to the tree. 介词宾语 不定式 ￥这一类多是一些特定的形式， I hardly remember what I did besides read.He had nothing in mind except to work hard.It is better to do some work than to spend the time idly.There is no way out than climb the cliff. 动名词 这一类数量较多。 Im afraid of making mistakes while speaking English.He enjoys doi

21、ng nothing but talking with her.On (as soon as he arrived) arriving, he came to see his friend.In (while) doing this, he learned a lot.常见的短语：look forward to, be used to, object to, prefer doing sth to doing sth 形容词宾 不定式 这一类有些语法家也认为是这些形容词的原因状语。 I am glad to see you.常见的形容词有：cross, angry, context, furi

22、ous, happy, impatient, curious, proud, sorry, thankful, free, grateful, keen, anxious, eager, prone, ready, reluctant, willing, humble, jealous, miserable, (un)able, lucky，sad 这一类有些语法家也认为是这些形容词的原因状语。 I am surprised to see you.常见的过去分词有：annoyed, ashamed, astonished, bored, concerned, amazed, confused

23、delighted, determined, disappointed, disgusted, displeased, dissatisfied, distressed, embarrassed, excited, fascinated, inclined, overjoyed, overwhelmed, pleased, prepared, puzzled, qualified, worried, offended, scared, thrilled, vexed 动名词 这一类多是一些特定的用法。 The tree seems like trembling.；The book is worth reading.He is busy working. 4. 非谓语动词作表语 非谓语动词 (意义和用法 连系动词 例句 不定式 表示具体的动作，表示打算、计划、命令和要求等意义 有时可用appear