高中英语必修5知识点.docx

1、高中英语必修5知识点高中英语必修5知识点词汇：Unit 1:1. put forward: 提出（计划、建议等）；将提前；把钟表拨快e.g. He put forward a good plan for this project. 他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。The match has been put forward to 1:30. 比赛已经提前到一点半举行。Put the clock forward by ten minutes. 把钟表拨快十分钟。【词语联想】 put away: 收起来；贮存，储蓄 put down: 放下；写下，记下 put off: 推迟；延期 put on:

2、 穿上；增加；上演（戏剧）e.g. put on weight: 增加了体重put on a new play: 上演新戏剧 put up: 张贴；撑开（帐篷）e.g. put up a poster: 张贴海报put up a tent: 搭起帐篷 2. conclude: v. 作结论，断定e.g. The jury concluded that he was guilty. 陪审团认定他有罪。conclusion: n. 结论【习惯用语】 draw a conclusion 作出结论 3. defeat vt.打败, 击败, 战胜； 使(希望, 计划等)失败, 挫败; 阻挠, 使无效e.

3、g. He finally conceded defeat. 他最终承认了失败。 区别: defeat, conquer, overcome defeat 指“赢得胜利”, 尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g. defeat the enemy 打败敌人。 conquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”,如:e.g. conquer nature 征服自然。 overcome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言, 如:e.g. overcome difficulties 克服困难。 4. attend: v.1) to be present at; go to (

4、meeting, conference, lecture.) 出席；参加e.g. He decided to attend the meeting himself. 他决定亲自赴会。2) to look after, care for, serve 照顾；看护。e.g. Which doctor is attending to (on) you? 哪位医生护理你？3）to go with 伴随e.g. The work was attended with much difficulty. 这项工作带来许多困难。 5. expose.to.e.g. Dont expose your skin t

5、o the sun for too long.不要使你的皮肤暴露在太阳光下太长时间。They had to be exposed to the enemys gunfire.他们不得不冒着敌人的炮火。 6. blame sb. for sth. 因为某事责备某人e.g. He blamed the boy for his mistake. be to blame: 应受责备，应负责任Who is to blame for the mistake？这个错误应归咎于谁？ 7. in addition: 除此之外，另外, 意思相当于 besides, whats moree.g. I paid 10

6、0 Yuan in addition. 我又付了 100 元。In addition to English, he has to study a second language.除了英语以外，他还要学习第二外国语。 区别: in addition to, except, besides,beside in addition to：除之外，还有，表示递进关系。e.g. The company provided the workers with free lunch in addition to paid holidays. 这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。 except: 除之外，表

7、示在整体中排除，e.g. Everyone except me got an invitation. 除了我以外, 所有人都收到了请柬. besides表示“除了以外，还有”，与in addition to 同义，e.g. Besides Mr Wang, we also went to see the film.王先生也去了。We all agreed besides him.我们都同意, 他也同意。 beside : 在旁边。表示方位。e.g. Lily sits beside me in class. 莉莉在班上做我旁边。 同义句转换1）He speaks French as well

8、as English.e.g. He speaks French in addition to/besides English.2) Apart from the salary, its not a bad job.e.g. In addition to/Except the salary, its not a bad job. 8. announce: 公布；宣告e.g. He announced his decision. 他宣布了他的决定。 9. absorb v.1) 吸收 A sponge absorbs water. 海绵吸水。【习惯用语】2）专心于 be absorbed in

9、sth: 专心的，全神贯注的The little girl was absorbed in reading a tale. 这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事。 10. challenge n.挑战; 挑战书; 邀请比赛; 要求决斗vt. 向.挑战, 要求, 怀疑 ; vi. 挑战, 对(证据等)表示异议e.g. meet the serious challenge 面对严峻挑战 Unit 2:1. consist of be made up of 由组成 (没有进行时）e.g. The UK consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.Gr

10、eat Britain and Northern Ireland make up the UK. 2. 区别: separate . from (把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来） divide.into 把分开 （把整体分为若干部分）e.g. The teacher divided the class into two groups.The Taiwan Strait separates Taiwan from Fujian. 3. debate about sth.e.g. They debate about the proposal for three days.debate /arg

11、ue/ quarrel 4. clarify: vt./vi. (cause sth. to )become clear or easier to understand 澄清；阐明;清楚；明了e.g. I hope what I say will clarify the situation.Can you clarify the question? 5. be linked to = be connected to /be joined to 连接【习惯用语】 link A to B 将A和B连接起来 6. refer to1)提及，指的是e.g. When he said “some stu

12、dents”, do you think he was referring to us?2) 参考；查阅；询问e.g. If you dont understand a word you may refer to your dictionaries.Please refer to the last page of the book for answers.3) 关系到；关乎e.g. What I have to say refers to all of you.This rule refers to everyone.reference: n. 参考 e.g. reference books

13、参考书 7. to ones surprise (prep)“to ones + 名词” 表 “令某人”常见的名词有 “delight, disappointment, enjoyment, astonishment 等e.g. I discovered, to my horror, that the goods were entirely unfit for sale.To Johns great relief they reached the house at last. 8. . found themselves united peacefully“find +宾语宾补( adj; ad

14、v; v-ing; pp; 介词短语；不定式）”e.g. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.Youll find him easy to get along with.They found themselves trapped by the bush fire.When I woke up, I found myself in hospital.I called on him yesterday, but I found him out. 9. get sth done =have st

15、h done 使某事被做.e.g. Ill just get these dishes washed and then Ill come.get + n. + to doget + n. + doingYoull get her to agree.Ill get the car going.get done: 用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被.”e.g. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. 10. break away (from sb / sth) 脱离；破除e.g. It is not easy for him to br

16、eak away from bad habits.The man broke away from his guards.break down (会谈)破裂，失败；(汽车等)出故障；(人的健康状况)变得恶劣；（情感）失控e.g. His car broke down on the way to work this morning.His health broke down under the pressure of work.He broke down and wept when he heard the news.Talks between the two countries have com

17、pletely broken down. break in 闯入；打岔 break off 中断，折断 break into 闯入 break out 爆发;发生 break up 驱散；分散，拆散 11. as well as 不仅而且；既又e.g. He is a teacher as well as a writer.The children as well as their father were seen playing football in the street. 12. convenience: n.方便；便利e.g. We bought this house for its

18、convenience.convenient: adj. 13. attraction:1). 吸引；引力(不可数 n.)2). 吸引人的东西；喜闻乐见的东西；精彩节目(可数 n.)e.g. attraction of gravitation 重力He cant resist the attraction of the sea on a hot day.A big city offers many and varied attractions.What are the principle attractions this evening?attract: v. 14. influence1)

19、v. 对产生影响e.g. What influence you to choose a career in teaching?2)可数n. 产生影响的人或事e.g. He is one of the good influences in the school.3) (不可数n.) 影响e.g. A teacher has great influence over his pupils. Unit 3:1. impression n. 印记；印象；感想；后接 of sb./ of sth./ on sb./ that 从句；e.g. My first impression of him was

20、favourable.他给我的第一印象不错。I got the impression that they were unhappy about the situation. 我觉得他们不满于当时的状况。知识拓展：impress v.给留下深刻的印象；使铭记；使感动；常用结构有：impress sth. on/upon sb./impress sb. with sth.给留下深刻的印象；使铭记；It impressed me that she remembered my name.令我佩服的是她记得我的名字。 2. remind v.提醒；使想起；常用结构有: remind sb. to do

21、sth.提醒某人做某事；remind sb.(that)/wh-从句 提醒某人；使某人想起；remind sb. about/of sth. 使某人想起或意识到；提醒某人某事e.g. Im sorry, but Ive forgotten your name, can you remind me? 很抱歉，我记不起你的名字，你能提醒我一下吗？You remind me of your father when you say that. 你说这样的话使我想起了你的父亲。知识拓展：reminder n.提醒物；引起回忆的事物 3. constantly adv.始终；一直；重复不断地e.g. Fa

22、shion is constantly changing.时尚总是日新月异。知识拓展：constant adj.连续发生的；不断的；重复的； 4. previous adj.先前的；以往的；（时间上）稍前的e.g. No previous experience is necessary for this job. 这一工作无需相关的经验。I couldnt believe it when I heard the news. I had only seen him the previous day.听到这个消息时，我不敢相信；我就在前一天还见到过他。知识拓展：previously adv. 先前

23、的；早先e.g. The building had previously been used as a hotel. 这座楼房早先曾用作旅馆。 5. bend v.（bent bent）弯曲；使弯曲；弯腰；弯身；常用搭配有: bend ones mind/efforts to sth. 致力于某事；bend sb.to sth. 迫使；说服 bend the truth 歪曲事实e.g. Its hard to bend an iron bar. 把铁棒弄弯很不容易。She bent her head and kissed her daughter. 她低下头吻了她的女儿。 6. press

24、v. 压；按；推；挤；坚持；敦促 n. 报章杂志，新闻工作者，新闻界e.g. She pressed a handkerchief to his nose. 她用手绢捂住鼻子。She pressed down hard on the gas pedal. 她用力踩下油门踏板。He is still pressing her claim for compensation. 他仍坚持索赔。The press was/were not allowed to attend the trial. 庭审谢绝新闻采访。 7. switch n. & v. 用作名词表示“开关；转换”。用作动词表示“转换”。e

25、.g. She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child was born. 第一个孩子出生后，她就由全日工作改为非全日工作。Press these two keys to switch between documents on screen. 按这两个键就可以在屏幕上的文件之间进行切换。I cant work next week, will you switch with me? 下个周末我不能上班，咱俩换个班好不好？ 8. lack n. & v. 用作名词，表示：“缺乏；短缺”；用作动词，表

26、示：“缺乏；短缺；没有；不足”。e.g. a lack of food /money/skills 缺乏食物/金钱/技能The trip was cancelled through lack of interest. 因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。He lacks confidence. 他缺乏信心。知识拓展：lacking adj. 缺乏；没有；匮乏；不足 9. surroundings n.pl. 环境；surround v. 围绕；环绕 surrounding adj. 周围的；附近的e.g. Everyone likes to work in pleasant surroundings

27、. 人人都喜欢在愉快的环境中工作。启发学生思考问题，哪些单词用作名词时常用复数形式？ 10. catch/gain/get sight of 发现，看出 lose sight of 看不见,忘记 lose ones sight 失明 at first sight 一见就；乍看起来 At first sight, the problem seems easy. at (the) sight of 一看见就 At the sight of the teacher, the boy ran away. be in sight 看得见，在眼前 The island is still in sight.

28、 out of sight 看不见 Out of sight, out of mind. 11. take upto fill or use an amount of space or time 占用（时间）；占据（空间）to learn to or start to do sth 开始做（某项工作）；开始从事to accept sth. that is offered or available 接受（建议或能得到的东西）e.g. The table takes up too much room. 这张桌子太占地儿。They have taken up golf. 他们学起打高尔夫球来了。Sh

29、e took up his offer of a drink. 他请她喝一杯，她接受了。He takes up his duties next week. 他下周就要开始履行职责。 12. sweep up 打扫；清扫；横扫；涌向；快速地抱起e.g. He swept up the baby up into his arms. 他一把将孩子抱进怀里。 Unit 4:1. concentrate vi. 聚精会神，集中思想，多与 on 和 upon 或连用 Concentrate on your work. 集中精神工作。e.g. A driver should concentrate on t

30、he road when driving.开车时驾驶员的注意力要集中在路上。Industrial development is being concentrated in the west of the country.这个国家的西部正集中发展工业。 2. acquire vt. 获得, 学到，取得，拥有 acquired, acquiringe.g. She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study.她认真学习而精通英语。Some smoking and alcoholic drinks are an acquired tast

31、e and are not in born.抽烟喝酒往往是一种后来习得的嗜好，并不是生来就有的。 3. accuse sb. of doing sth. 指责，指控 accused, accusinge.g. The police accused him of murder. 警方指控他谋杀。She accused him lying. 她指责他说谎.He was wrongly accused of stealing. 他误遭控告犯偷盗罪. 4. be of interest/ importance, value, use, help, . = interesting/important/valuable/useful/helpful.e.g.