最新2013版自考英语二精讲讲义Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、10. assertion n. 明确肯定；断言11. sufficient adj. 足够的；充足的 sufficiency insufficient 不够的；不充分的 in-：否定前缀12. statistic n. statistics pl.统计数字；统计资料13. integrate v.（使）合并，成为一体14. authority n.专家；学术权威；泰斗 an/the authority on sth. authorize15. compare v. 比较；对比 compare A with B 把A和B进行比较 compare A to B 把A比成B。（打比方）16. su

2、bject n. 主题；题目；题材17. consistent adj. 相符的；符合的18. inconsistency n. 不一致19. assumption n. 假定；假设20. case n. 具体情况；事例 in case 万一；以防；（用一般时） in case of fire 万一发生火灾； in case of 万一发生 in case that 万一发生情况。 a case in point confirmed/suspected cases 确诊病例/疑似病例21. directly adv. 直接地；径直地22. identify v. 找到；发现23. valid

3、adj. 符合逻辑的；合理的；确凿的 validity n. 有效性，正确（性） invalid 无效的；有病的24. credible adj. 可信的；可靠的 = believeable incredible=unbelievable 不可信的；25. landmark n.（标志重要阶段的）里程碑26. relevant adj. 紧密相关的；切题的 relevancy n. 关联；恰当 irrelevant27. current adj. 现时发生的；当前的28. appropriate adj. 合适的；恰当的 inappropriate Its （not） appropriate

4、that . + 虚拟语气29. bias n. 偏见；偏心；偏向30. considerably adv. 非常；很；相当多地 consider considering 介词、连词 鉴于；考虑到； considerable 相当的； considerate 体贴；考虑周到的； consideration n. 考虑31. Democrat n. （美国） 民主党党员，民主党支持者民32. Republican n. （美国）共和党党员，共和党支持者33. reflect v. 显示；表明；表达34. informed adj. 有学问的；有见识的 well-informed 博学的； ill

5、-informed 无知的；Phrases and Expressions1. apply to 使用；应用2. put forth 提出；产生3. take into account 考虑到；顾及4. accept/take at face value 相信表面；信以为真5. with a grain of salt 有保留地；持怀疑态度地some time ：一段时间； sometime ：某个时间sometimes ：有时； some times ： 次数；倍数Critical Reading（批判性阅读） 1.Critical reading applies to non-fictio

6、n writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just（不只是，不仅仅是） understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opin

7、ions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.（启下句） 2.Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time

8、 ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case,

9、you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author. 3.Question assertions made by the author. Dont accept what is written at face value. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient suppor

10、t for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide support.（承上句） Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities. 4. Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. Look to see that what is written is consistent with what others ha

11、ve written about the subject. If there are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the inconsistencies. （承上句） 5.Analyze assumptions made by the author. Assumptions are whatever the author must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the authors ass

12、umptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to identify any assumptions.（承上启下句） Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether or not the assumption is valid. 6.Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, be certain that the sources are credible.

13、For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant. Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry.（承上句） Finally if the author is writing about a subject in its current state, be sure

14、 that the sources are current（启下句）. For example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics. 7. Identify any possible author bias. A written discussion of American politics will likely look considera

15、bly different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written with a grain of salt. 8. By being a critical reader, you will become better

16、informed and may change your views as appropriate.Unit 1 - B The Language of Confidence1. confidence n.自信心；把握相关词：confidentbe confident of sb. / sth. 对sb.有信心；have / lose confidence in sb. / sth.注意比较：confident / confidential 有信心的/机密的；2. program v. 训练；培养3. mastery n. 控制；驾驭4. destiny n. 命运；天命；天数5. drama

17、tically adv. 巨大地；惊人地；显著地6. quality n. 质量；品质7. subconscious adj. 下意识的；潛意识的8. please v. 使满意；使愉快9. command n.（给人或动物的）命令10. knowingly adv. 故意地；蓄意地11. impact n. 巨大影响；强大作用12. matter v. 事关紧要；有重大影响13. confident adj. 自信的；有自信心的14. sense n.（对重大事情的） 感觉，意识15. eliminate v. 排除；清除；消除eliminate all grammatical mistak

18、esbe eliminated in the first round 第1轮被淘汰；16. disempower v. 剥夺；使失去权利；剥夺力量注意构词法：dis（表示否定）+me（使，赋予）+poweren- / me-常见的动词前缀，如：enable, enrich, endanger, enlarge等。empower v. 授权，赋予权利17. self-esteem n. 自尊（心）18. limit v. 限制；限定区分两个名词limit（限度）和limitation（局限性）。There is a limit / are limits to ones life.There is

19、 no limit / are no limits to knowledge.Everyone has his own limitations.19. infinite adj. 极大的；无法衡量的finite（adj.）, finitely（adv.）, infinitely（否定副词.）20. stifle v. 压制；扼杀；阻止21. creativity n. 创造力create, creation, creator, creative（adj.）, creatively（adv.）22. internal adj. 内心的；头脑中的23. insignificant adj. 微不足

20、道的；无足轻重的significant, significance, significantly, insignificance24. commonly adv. 通常；常常25. alternative n. 可供选择的事物，替代物have no alternative but to do sth. 除了别无选择；Is there any alternative to going to the cinema?不看电影还有其他选择么？26. fabulous adj. 极好的；绝妙的1. carry out 完成（任务）2. be up to 取决于3. have an impact on/u

21、pon 对产生巨大影响4. rub out 用橡皮擦掉（字迹等）5. be in control of掌管；管理；控制The Language of Confidence（自信的语言） 1. The language we use programs our brains. Mastering our language gives us a great degree of mastery over our lives and our destinies. It is important to use the language in the best way possible in order t

22、o dramatically improve our quality of life. 2. Even the smallest of words can have the deepest effect on our subconscious mind, which is like a child, and it doesnt really understand the difference between what really happens and what you imagine. It is eager to please and willing to carry out any c

23、ommands that you give it - whether you do this knowingly or not is entirely up to you. 3. It is a small word yet it has an amazing impact upon us. If someone says, Ill try to do that you know that they are not going to be putting their whole heart into it, and may not even do it at all. How often do

24、 you use the word try when talking about the things that matter to you? Do you say ll try to be more confident or ll try to call? 4. Think about something that you would like to achieve, and say it to yourself in two different ways. Firstly say, ll try to and notice how you feel. Next say, I will do

25、 and see how you feel.。 5. The latter makes you feel better than the first one, doesnt it? It gives you a sense of determination, a feeling that it will be done. Listen to the people around you and when they say they will try notice if it gets done or not. Eliminate the word try from your dictionary

26、 and see how your life improves.（承上句） 6. This is another small word with a big impact. It disempowers us, makes us feel weak and helpless, and damages our self-esteem. It limits our infinite abilities and stifles creativity. Rub it out from your internal dictionary and replace it with something that

27、 makes you feel great. 7. Instead of saying you cant, why not say something like I choose（愿意） I choose not to . Using words like this allows you to take back your power and to be in control of your life. 8. Words may appear small and insignificant, yet they can have a deep and lasting effect on us.

28、Mastering your language gives you the power to live whatever life you desire. 9. What words do you use a lot that disempower you? Make a list of words you commonly use and then write next to them some alternatives you can use. （承上句）Make these alternatives words that make you feel fabulous, not only

29、about yourself, but about life and what you are doing!（承上句）Unit 2 A Spilt Milk（打翻的牛奶）1. spill v.（使）洒出，泼出，溢出2. respond v. 作出反应；响应respond toresponse3. interview v. （媒体）采访，访问4. creative adj. 创作的5. occur v. 发生；出现It occurred to me that6. remove v. 拿开；去掉7. refrigerator n. 冰箱8. grip n. 紧握；紧抓9. slippery adj. 滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以行走）10. content n. 所容纳之物；所含之物11. veritable adj. 十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的12. yell v. 叫喊；大喊；吼叫13. lecture n.（冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责14. mess n. 肮脏；杂乱；不整洁15. rarely adv. 罕有；很少；不常rare animals / stampsRarely is he late for class.16. pu