1、根据上下文正确理解生词的意思;了解语篇的结论;进行信息转换。二、题型介绍A级考试阅读理解部分由五篇短文构成,题型可分为四类:单项选择题、填空题、匹配题、问答题,总阅读量约为1000个词,共设25道题。这25道题由5个Task 引申而出。1单项选择题(Task 1,Task 2)该题型是四选一的客观题。每题2分,10题(每篇短文后附5道选择题)共20分。2填空题(Task 3)该题型是主观题。每题1分,5题共5分。匹配题(Task )4问答题(Task 5) 短文后共设5道问答题,每题1分,5题共5分。三、阅读理解应注意的问题3.1词汇是阅读的基础1掌握大纲要求的词汇量,大纲要求考生应掌握3,4
2、00个单词和短语;熟练掌握英语的语法及惯用法,在平时的学习中注意对所学的语法知识加以归纳总结,要做到熟练运用。阅读单词量的储备,是阅读能力快速提高的重要砝码。2. 高职高专英语教学大纲规定,学生应能阅读生词不超过3%的短文。3积累词语:做到在阅读中增加词汇, 在积累词汇的过程中提高阅读速度。4掌握猜词技巧1)利用文章中对词的定义猜测词义作者往往用破折号、同位语、that is 、namely 等方法引出该词的定义,如:The harbor is protected by a jettya wall built out into the water.2)利用文章中的复述猜测词义,如:He had
3、 a van look. He was so pale and weak that we thought he was ill.3)利用经验和常识猜测词义,如:Mr. Smith ran into a pedestrian with his car when it got out of control and drove onto the sidewalk4)利用上下文的有关信息猜测词义,如:The fishermen make their canoes from tree trunks. They go from island to island in these light marrow
4、boats and collect turtles eggs.5)利用文章中对词的举例及解释猜测词义,如:Today young couples who are just starting their households spend lots of money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color TVs .6)利用文章中词与词的对等关系猜测词义,如:The snow was falling. Big flakes drifted with the wind like feathers.
5、7)利用文章中词与词的对照关系猜测词义,如:In the north regions the winters are generally cold and humid, and the summers hot and dry. 综上所述,利用各种已知信息推测、判断词义是一项重要的阅读技巧。在实践中,我们可以灵活运用,综合运用上面提到的几种猜测技巧,排除生词的障碍,顺利理解文章的思想内容,提高阅读速度。3.2解题步骤和阅读技巧是关键阅读理解的解题步骤有以下两种:1.先阅读文章后看题: P(passage )Q(question) P(passage)的顺序。即先看文章后看题,再通过查阅文章来寻找
6、答案。若有标题,先审读标题。标题是文章主题的集中概括;快速阅读,把握大意;快速浏览问题,选择答案;带着疑问查读短文,对所选答案进行检查;做完题后检查。2.先看题后阅读文章:Q(question)P(passage)Q(question)的阅读顺序,可以让学生带着问题有目的地去阅读。快速阅读问题题干;带着问题阅读文章;边读把与问题相关的信息划上记号;结合问题,选择合乎题意的答案;3.掌握相关的阅读技巧(见第二节)3.3良好的阅读习惯是保证很多考生都会由于阅读速度慢的原因而影响了考试的成绩,而良好的阅读习惯是快速阅读理解能力提高的前提。大量的研究表明,阅读习惯与阅读速度密切相关,好的阅读习惯是影响
7、阅读质量的重要因素。1 克服以下不良阅读习惯 声音化:阅读出声,喃喃自语; 动作化:摇头晃脑、不停地指手划脚; 局限化:视幅小,回视频繁; 翻译化:喜欢边读边心译。2养成良好的阅读习惯 要以较快的速度从大量材料中捕捉有关信息; 按意群读扫视,连贯阅读; 要融会贯通,掌握通篇的中心思想; 使大脑对英语文字直接反应其意义; 培养学生课外阅读的习惯,广泛阅读各种文章,了解有关文化背景知识。第三节 题型分析与解题技巧1. 单项选择题(Task 1,Task 2)此题型涉及两篇短文,每篇长度约200300词。短文题材多为实用性文字材料。据统计,历年真题该题型的出题范围主要有四个方面,分别是主旨题、文章的
8、细节理解题、逻辑推理题、是非判断题、作者语气、态度题、语义题的理解。下面就这几类题进行解析。1.1主旨题检查考生对整篇短文或段落的理解、分析、把握和归纳能力。确定文章的主题(topic or main point)、文章大意(main idea)或给出一合适的标题(title)。 示例1:Development banks are international lending groups. They lend money development countries to help fuel economic growth and social progress. They are not pa
9、rt of the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund or the United Nations. The money comes from member countries and borrowing in world markets. Development banks provide long-term loans at market rates. They provide even longer-term loans at below market interest rates. These banks also provide t
10、echnical assistance and advice. There are three main ones. The oldest is the Inter-American Development Bank in Washington,D.C. It began in nineteen fifty-nine. President Juscelino Kubitschek of Brazil had proposed a bank to aid economic growth in the Americas. The Organization of American States ag
11、reed. Today the bank is worth over one hundred thousand million dollars. It holds only four percent of that. The other money is guaranteed by its members. Forty-seven countries around the word own the bank. The United States own thirty percent as the largest shareholder. Twenty-six countries in Lati
12、n American and the Caribbean borrow from the bank. The African Development Bank has its roots in an agreement signed in Sudan in nineteen sixty- three. It is based in Abidjan, Ivory Coast.There are twenty-four members in the Americas, Europe and Asia in addition to the fifty- three in Africa. The co
13、untry with the most votes in the bank is Nigeria, followed by the United States, Japan and Egypt.The Asian Development Bank started in 1996. It is based in Manila, the Philippines. There re sixty-three members, mostly in Asia. Like all development banks, it is supervised by a Board of Governors.1. W
14、hat is the passage mainly about?A) The African Development BankB)The Asian Development BankC)the Inter- American Development Bank D)Development Banks考点分析:该题的题干为“What is the passage mainly about?”,其标志词是“mainly about”。很明显,这道题考察对文中大意的了解,即主旨题。解题要领:阅读题干,仔细浏览全文。结合上下文,可以得知全文是介绍的发展银行。因此选项D)为正确答案。主旨题类题的答题技巧归
15、纳如下: 1迅速浏览全文,以对文章有一大致的了解;2迅速浏览问题,判断题目的考点是否为主旨类理解题。此类问题中常常含有标志词:如best title,subject,topic,purpose,main idea/ theme/point/problem,conclusion等。其常见的提问方式如下:What does the passage mainly discuss?What is this passage mainly about?What is the main topic / subject / theme / idea of the passage?The main idea /
16、 point / subject of the passage isWhich statement best expresses the main idea of the passage?With what topic is this passage primarily concerned?Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?The best title for the passage would beThe passage could be entitledWhat would be the most su
17、itable title for the passage?3寻找主题句(topic sentence)。主题句通常以陈述句的形式出现,大部分位于文章段落的开端(第一句或第二句),但如果是归纳式的文章,主题句也会出现在段落末尾。最后综合各个部分的中心大意,找出全文的主旨。4有的文章主题句不明显,这时需要考生正确理解文章的意思,发挥自己的逻辑推理和概括能力,找出主旨大意。5确立标题需要首先抓住主题句,然后从主题句中提炼出关键的词来做标题。1.2细节理解题该类题在于检查学生对阅读材料中具体细节的理解能力,测试考生对文章理解的程度。一篇文章在确定主题之后,通常要通过大量的事实和细节对主题进行解释和说明
18、。因此有很多的题干是根据短文的细节而设计的。文章的细节题有可能是直接理解题,如事物的起因、 过程、结果及发生的时间、地点等。但多数情况下是间接理解题,要求在理解的基础上,通过自己的思维将理解的内容系统化、条理化。细节理解题在考试中所占的比例很大。见示例1:2.What is the main function of development banks?A) They borrow money from people.B) They lend money to the International Monetary.C) They lend money to developing countrie
19、s to make progress.D) They collect money from member countries.这是一道细节题。考查是对发展银行作用的认识。文章的第一段可以看出,发展银行借钱给发展中国家,以帮助它们发展。因此选项 C)是正确答案。细节理解题的答题技巧归纳如下:1快速浏览文章和问题,判断题目的考点是否为细节理解题。细节理解题的提问形式采取询问形式或给出一个不太完整的句子,要求考生选择正确的选项来补全缺少的内容。常以Who,What,When,Where,Why等开头。 who was whendid where is which of the following i
20、s not mentioned in the passage? Which of the following statements is true? According to the passage, when / where / why / how / who / what / which 2采用查读法。快速浏览全文,带着问题查找解题线索。找出该细节理解题的考点在原文哪个位置上。3仔细阅读与考点相对应的原文,包括相对应的原文中前后的句子,理解透彻。不要掺杂自己的主观看法。4仔细推敲问题所问,不要光看文章是怎么说的,而忽略题干是怎么问的。5体会细节理解题正确答案和干扰项的基本特点:正确答案的基
21、本特点:必须和文章讲的意思完全的吻合,不能有丝毫的偏差;正确的答案必须要回答题干所问及的问题。干扰项的的基本特点:干扰项和原文表达的意思之间有细微的区别,不能忽略,应仔细推敲,作出判断;干扰项是文章中原文的表达,但干扰项没有回答题干所问及的问题,答非所问;6作出选择时,不要掺杂自己的主观看法。1.3 逻辑推理题测试考生对所阅读短文中的内容进行推断的能力及检查考生对短文中隐含意思作出判断的能力。判断推理题要求考生在理解文章表面信息的基础上,运用逻辑思维,并借助一定的常识对文章隐含的意思或深层意思进行分析、推理。英语阅读中,有时作者并未把写作意图说出来,而是要求阅读者根据字面意思,通过全篇逻辑关系
22、,研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的意图、观点或态度,理解文章的寓义,这就是判断推理题。判断推理题在阅读测试中属于难题。3It can be inferred from the passage that_.A) Development Bank didnt develop very wellB) The Inter-American Development Bank dose not belong to only one countryC) The number of the development banks in Africa is less than in AsiaD) No Asian Dev
23、elopment Bank is governed by governors考点解析:该题的题干为“It can be inferred from the passage that_.”,其标志词是“inferred from”。很明显,这道题考察对文中隐含的意思推理,即逻辑推理题。从文中第五段第一句可以看出,还有47个国家是这家银行的股东。所以它并不只是属于一个国家的。因此选项B是正确答案。逻辑推理题的答题技巧归纳如下:1快速浏览题干,判断题目的考点是否为逻辑推理题。 “infer,imply,suggest,guess,refer to,imply ”等。Itcanbeinferred/c
24、oncluded from the passagethatThepassageimplies,butdoesntdirectlystateThewritersuggestsWhatstheauthorsattitudetowardTheprobablyfeelsthat.Whichoffollowingconclusionswedrawaccordingtopassage?In authorusesexamplesofshowThe whichpublicationwouldthismostlikelyprinted?2利用提问或选项中的线索,返回原文找到相关信息;3吃透原文中的字面意思,从字
25、里行间感受作者的言外之意及作者的暗示或真实意图,然后作出推理;4注意推理时的“最近答案”原则:不要“想的太多,推得太远”。A级考试中推理题的答案很大程度上是原文的重现,不一定非要经过非常复杂的逻辑推理。1.4是非判断题检查考生根据短文中提供的信息,对所提问题的真实性与非真实性,提及与未提及到的信息等作出正确判断的能力。3.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A) Development banks provide short-term loans.B) The interest rates of Development
26、 banks are very high.C) Development banks may give some technical advice as well.D) The Inter-American Development Bank was proposed to help Asia.此题的题干是“Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?”。很明显,这道题考察考生根据短文中提供的信息,对所提问题的真实性与非真实性,提及与未提及到的信息等作出正确判断的能力。即是非判断题。文章的第而段可以看出,发展银行除了提供较低的利率
27、之外,还提供技术上的帮助和建议。因此。选C)是正确答案。是非判断题的答题技巧归纳如下:1快速浏览问题,判断题目的考点是否为是非判断题。此类问题中常常有这样的特点:(1)四个选项中,有三项正确(即符合原文),只有一项不符合原文内容或原文没有提及,即三对一错。Which of the following statements is NOT true?Which of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the text?All of the following are true exceptThe author mentions all of
28、the items below EXCEPTWhich of the following is NOT included in the passage?(2)四个选项中,有三项不正确,只有一项符合原文内容,即三错一对。Which of the following statements is true?Which of the following is true?2根据题干或选项,判断是三错一对,还是三对一错;3根据题干或选项中的线索词返回原文,定位到相关的句子及其上下文,仔细阅读文章;4在带有“EXCEPT”,“BUT”或“NOT”的否定句试题中,答题时,应先排除与短文内容信息相关的选项,一般
29、剩下的选择项即为正确答案;5肯定句试题中,答题时则应排除与短文内容信息无关的选择顶,剩下的选择顶即为正确答案。1.5 语义题检查学生对词汇、短语或词组的理解能力以及所掌握的词汇量。测试的内容:狭义词汇:指那些考生从未见过的,完全陌生的词汇,测试考生猜测词义的能力。广义词汇:指那些考生认识,但是只掌握其部分常用含义的词汇,测试考生猜测未掌握的词汇含义或词汇的引申含义的能力。4. What dose the underlined word “ones” refer to?A) development banksB) Africa and AmericaC) AmericasD) Loans根据题干“What dose the underlined word “ones” refer to?可以判断出此题要求考生
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