人教版高中英语必修一Unit4知识点详解文档格式.doc

1、 eg: a shake of the head 摇头拓展：shake hands with sb. = shake sb. by the hand = shake sbs hand 与某人握手 shake ones head 摇头（表示否定、怀疑、悲伤、不赞成）s fist （at sb.） 向某人挥拳（表示愤怒或恐吓）2. For three days the water in the village rose and fell, rose and fell.rise（vi.） “升起，升高”，其后不能接宾语，不能用于被动语态。eg: 1.The sun rose at seven ocl

2、ock. 太阳七点种升起。 2.The balloon rose up slowly into the air. 气球冉冉升上天空。 3.Her temperature is still rising. 她的体温还在升高。 rise（vi.） （河水，物价等）上涨；提高；起身 1.The river is rising after the rain. 雨后河水涨了。 2.Prices have risen steadily during the past decade. 过去十年间物价一直在平稳地上涨。 3.His voice rose in excitement. 他激动得声音提高了。 4.

3、The all rose from their seats to greet us. 他们都站起来迎接我们。 raise（vt.） 抬起，举起 1.He raised his arms above his head. 他把手臂举过头顶。 2.The box is too heavy, I cant raise it. 这箱子太重了，我举不起来。 3.If you have any question, please raise your hand. 如果有问题，请举手。 raise（vt.） 提高；提出；增加 1.He raised his voice. 他提高了嗓门。 2.The price

4、of tomatoes has been raised recently. 最近西红柿的价格提高了。 3.He raisd a question at the meeting. 他在会上提出了一个问题。 raise（vt.） 抚养；饲养 1.She raised a lot of chickens. 她养了许多鸡。 2.The farmers raises cattle and sheep. 农场主饲养牛和羊。3. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 农家大院里，鸡甚至猪都紧张得不想

5、吃食。too.to结构一般表示否定含义,意为太.以致于不能He is too old to work. 但too.to在下列情况下却表示肯定含义: “never / not too to”这一结构意思是“不太所以能”。双重否定表示肯定意义。例如： One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。It is never too late to mend. 亡羊补牢，犹为未晚。Tom didnt get up too late to catch the early train. 汤姆起得早，赶上了早班火车。English is not too difficult to

6、 learn.英语并不太难学.（2） “toonot to ”这一结构表示肯定意义时，意思是“太不会不”。She is too kind not to help you. 她这么好，不会不帮助你的He is too wise not to see that.他很聪明,不会不懂这一点.（3）当too后的形容词是某种心理活动、情绪状态的形容词，如anxious, apt（有的倾向的；易于），easy, eager, glad, happy, pleased, ready, willing等时，too表示肯定意义，相当于very, extremely, 意思是“十分；极其”。She is too e

7、asy to get angry. 她太易发脾气了。He is to ready to help others. 他很乐于助人。John is too eager to see Alice. 约翰极想见艾丽斯。（4）当too前有only, but, all，just,simple 等词时，“tooto”结构不再表示否定意义，而是表示肯定意义。too相当于very，意思是“非常；十分”。I am only too glad to become a member of you. 我非常高兴成为你们中的一员。We are but too eager to receive your invitatio

8、n. 我们极渴望接到你们的邀请。 Im only too glad to see you .见到你非常高兴.They are but too pleased to hear the news.他们听到这个消息,非常高兴.（5）与cannot连用时.不再表示否定意义，而是表示肯定意义，意思是“越越好；无论也/都不过分”。You cannot be too careful to cross the street. 你过街时越小心越好。You cannot be too careful（=You can never be careful enough） to do your homework.你做作

9、业越仔细越好（=无论怎样仔细也不过分）.（6）当不定式在句中作定语或真正的主语时.There are too many problems to be solved.有很多问题有待解决.4. In the city, the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst.在市内，有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。burst（v.） （使）爆炸；胀破，爆破 1.Water-pipes often burst in cold weather. 水管在寒冷的天气里经常冻裂。 2.The balloon burst. 气球爆炸了。burst（v.） （仅用于进

10、行时）塞满，几乎要胀破（+with） 1.More pudding? No, thanks. Im bursting! “再吃点布丁好吗？” “不了，谢谢，我肚子已经撑胀了。” 2.I am bursting with pride. 我自豪极了。burst（n.） 爆炸，爆破；某事物的突然爆发 A burst of hand-clapping followed the ending of the song.歌声结束之后响起了一阵掌声。拓展： （1）burst sth. open 突然或猛然打开 eg: The police burst the door open. 警察把门撞开了。 （2）bu

11、rst in 突然进入（房间） The police burst in and arrested the boy. 警察突然闯进逮捕了那个男孩。 （3）burst into sth. 突然或猛烈地发出或产生出某事物 burst into tears/laughter 突然哭起来/笑起来 burst into anger 勃然大怒 （4）burst out （+ doing） 突然开始做某事 burst out crying/laughing/singing 突然哭起来/笑起来/唱起来5. But the one million people of the city, who thought l

12、ittle of these events, were asleep as usual that night. think little of 不放在心上；看扁，轻视 1.Most people thought little of the 8-year-old boy. In fact, they were wrong. 大多数人小看了这个8岁的男孩。事实上，他们错了。 2.Sometimes, we must notice details. If you think little of one, you will be punished.有时候，我们必须注意到细节，如果你忽视一个细节，你就会

13、受到惩罚。think well / highly of 高度评价/赞扬 think poorly / badly of 认为.很差；对.评价很低另外：think of . as . 把. 认为是. eg: I thought of him as my best friend. However, he treated me as an enemy. 我把他看作我最好的朋友，然而，他却把我当敌人。6. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。at an end 结束，终结 = finished，为固定短语，在句中常作表语。 The war

14、 was at an end. 战争结束了。辨析：at the end （of） 在.的尽头；在.的结束，可表时间或空间。 1.At the end of the street, youll find a supermarket. 在大街的尽头，你会看见一家超市。 2.At the end of the party, he sang a beautiful song.在聚会结束时，他唱了一首优美的歌曲。in the end 最后，终于 = at last，不能和of连用。 He tried many times, and in the end he succeeded.他多次努力，最后终于成功

15、了。by the end of 到.末为止，到.结束时，通常和完成时连用。 1.How many words had you learned by the end of last term? 到上学期末为止，你们已学习多少个单词了？ 2.Well have finished the work by the end of this month.到本月底我们将完成这项工作。It seemed + that从句是一个句型，表示“看起来好象”。 It seemed that he didnt notice this. 看起来他好象没注意这件事。 It seemed 后还常跟as if从句。如果与事实相

16、反，则用虚拟语气；如果与事实一致，则保持正常时态。 1.There is a lot of cloud. It seems as if its going to rain. 有这么多乌云，看起来好象要下雨了。（是事实，不用虚拟） 2.She is so kind to me. It seems as if she were my mother. 她对我非常好，看起来好象她是我的母亲。（事实上不是，与现在事实相反） sb. 作主语时，seem后常跟adj. 作表语。 He seemed a little angry. 他看起来有点生气。7. In fifteen terrible seconds

17、 a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒钟内，一座大城市就沦落为一片废墟之中。ruin（n.） U 毁坏，毁灭；灭亡 eg: The war brought ruin to the country. 战争给这个国家带来了毁灭。 C 废墟；遗迹 The school is in ruins. 那所学校已成废墟。注意：ruin表示“废墟；遗迹”常用复数，常构成短语in ruins，意为“严重受损；破败不堪”。 the ruins of ancient Rome 古罗马遗迹 The war left the whole town in ruins. 战争过后，全城到处是

18、颓垣断壁。 His career lies in ruins. 他已事业尽毁。 ruin（v.） 毁坏，毁灭；使破产 有一般“弄坏了”之意，也有比喻的意思。 The fire ruined the books in the library. 大火焚毁了图书馆的藏书。 The storm ruined the crops. 暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。 He ruined his prospects by carelessness. 他因疏忽大意而断送了前途。 I was ruined by that law case. 我被那场官司弄得倾家荡产。8.Thousands of families were

19、killed and many children were left without parents.（1）thousand of 意为“成千上万的。”，指不确切的数量。如果要表示准确的数量，thousand前面加数字，不变复数形式，后面不接of，直接跟复数名词。具有相同用法的还有:million, hundred, dozen, score等。（2）dozen表示“打，十二个”的意思，而score表示“二十”的意思。Score 前面不管有没有数字，习惯上后面都接介词of.three score of people（3）以上各词与of连用（of不省略）时，可用于人称代词宾格（us, you,

20、them）或指示代词（these, those）修饰的名词前，表示所属关系。如：a dozen of these people, two dozen of them（4）修饰语是some, many, several等表示不确定的数量词时，则dozen, hundred等常用复数形式，且要加of.some dozens of people several hundreds of persons（5）several hundreds/thousands of 中的hundreds，thousands 也可改为单数，其中of也可省去several hundred of visitorssevera

21、l hundred visitors1._ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day. A. Several million B. Many millions C. Several millions D. Many million 2.Mr. Smith _ me to buy several _eggs for the dinner party. A. asked; dozen B. suggested; dozens of C. had; dozen D. persuaded; dozens 3.Two

22、_ died of cold last winter.A.hundreds old people B.hundred old people C.hundreds old peoples D.hundred old peoples4. Several _ ago, our country was covered by thick forestes.A.million of year B.million year C.millions years D.millions of years5.There were seven _ Negroes working on the farm.A.hundre

23、ds B.hundred of C.hundreds of D.hundred 6. _ were blown down in the storm.A.Score of tree B.Scores of trees C.Score of trees D.Scores of tree7. He sold _ of the magazine this afternoon.A.three dozen copy B.three dozens copyC.three dozen copies D.three dozens copies8.It is reported that the floods ha

24、ve left aboutpeople homeless.A.two thousandB.two-thousandsC.two thousandsD.two thousands of9.She went to the bookstore and bought.A.dozen booksB.dozens booksC.dozen of booksD.dozens of books9. Sand now filled the wells instead of water. instead of “代替，而不是” （后接名词，代词，动名词，介词短语等，但不能接句子） eg. Give me the

25、red one instead of the green one. We walked down the stairs instead of taking the lift. He came by train instead of by bus. instead 是副词，在句子单独作状语，置于句首时，意为“相反地”。10. People began to wonder how long the disaster would last. 人们开始纳闷，这场灾难还会持续多久。 （1）wonder（vt. / vi） “感到惊奇，感到好奇”；“不知道，想知道” wonder to do 疑问词 +

26、to do + 宾语从句 at / about 介词短语 eg: 1.I wondered to hear her voice in the next room. 我听到隔壁传出她的声音，十分惊讶。 2.I was wondering where to spend the weekend. 我不知道到哪儿去度周末。 3.She is always wondering about others srcrets. 她总是对别人的秘密感到好奇。 4.I wonder who he is, where he comes from and why he comes.我想知道他是谁，从哪里来，来干什么。 wonder可构成句型：I wonder if .是一种用来