英语高一模块一知识点Word文档格式.doc

1、 A. respectful; respectable B. respectable; respective C. respectable; respectful D. respective; respectable 答案为C。【注意】respective，respectful，respectable，respected的区别 这四个单词看上去都是respect的衍生词，其实respective不是，因此跟它没有关系，意思是“分别的，各自的”，后面常常加名词的复数形式，如： We all went back to our respective homes after playing. 游戏之后

2、我们都回了各自的家中。 其他三个单词都是respect的衍生词，但意义不同。respectful表示主动含义，意思是“对恭敬的，尊敬的”。如：The workers are respectful to me. 工人们对我很尊敬。 respectable表示被动含义，意思是“可敬的”。He is a respectable teacher. 他是一位可敬的教师。 respected仍是表示被动，过去分词作定语表示被动多用于修饰人，它与respectable的区别在于respectable表示受人尊敬的可能性，但未必被respected。Our respected Chairman Mao is

3、immortal. 我们敬爱的毛主席永垂不朽。（众所周知，毛主席是被大家所爱戴的。）5. average （1） n. 平均数，平均水平 on average: 平均来看 above/below average: 高于低于平均水平 These marks are well above average. We fail one student per year on average. （2） adj. 平均的；普通的，平常的 Average temperature. An average girl.6. struggle: n. & vi. 斗争，奋斗；挣扎；争夺be a struggle fo

4、r sb: 对来说是困难的事struggle to do sth: 努力做struggle against/against sb for sth: 为与某人斗争struggle to ones feet: 挣扎着站起来struggle on: 挣扎着坚持下去 It was a real struggle for you to be on time. Im struggling to finish the job you tell me to do. The leaders are struggling against each other for power. We have lost two

5、 of our best players, but were struggling on.7. devote: vt. 致力于，付出，献身 devote sth / oneself to sth: 致力于；为付出 He has devoted all his being to his career.devoted: adj 热爱的，忠实的，全心全意的 be devoted to sb / sth: 热爱忠于 She is devoted to her motherland. devotion：（1）n. （ to sb / sth） 挚爱；献身，忠心 a mothers devotion to

6、 her son. （2）n. 虔诚 a life of great devotion 信仰诚笃的一生8. for free/free of charge: 免费 I got this ticket for free from one who didnt want.9. fun （1） n. U 快乐，乐趣 滑稽，幽默 有趣的人或事 what fun: 多么快乐 have fun: 玩得高兴 just for fun: 当笑话，取乐 What fun we had! Have fun on such beautiful beach! Im learning to cook just for f

7、un. She is very lovely and full of fun. 她很活泼又很幽默。 Its not much fun going to a party alone. 独自一人去参加聚会没意思。 （2） adj. 有趣的，愉快的 a fun night.10. look back on/think back to: 回顾 Looking back on those days, I still cant figure out what went wrong. 11. with satisfaction: 满足地，满意地 He accepted my offer with great

8、 satisfaction.12.experience名词 n. 1. 经验,体验U（+of/in）She had no experience of life at all. 她毫无生活经验。Have you had any experience of teaching English?你有过教英语的经验吗?2. 经历,阅历CPlease tell us about your experiences in Africa. 请跟我们谈谈你在非洲的经历。I had a rather odd experience the other day. 前些天我有过一次相当奇怪的经历。及物动词 vt. 1.

9、经历;体验The city experienced over 2,000 such incidents last year. 去年这座城市发生过二千次以上这类事件。2. 感受;遭受He experienced a pang of sadness. 他感到一阵悲痛。二、Grammar1. graduate from sth: 从毕业2. after graduation: 毕业以后3. develop an interest in sth / become interested in sth: 逐渐对感兴趣 After graduation from university, he develop

10、ed an interest in arts.4. upon/on （doing） sth: 一就 Upon arrival, we started our work at once.5. donate: vt. 捐赠 donate sth to sb donation: n. dunein 捐赠，捐赠物 Plenty of goods have been donated to the flood-stricken area.6. open day: 开放日7. regret that: 后悔遗憾 regret to do sth: 后悔要做 regret doing sth: 后悔做了to

11、ones regret: 使遗憾的是 I regret that I cant help. We regret to inform you that the sports meeting has been put off. 兹奉告运动会已被推迟，甚以为憾。 I regret to say the job has been filled. 十分抱歉，那个工作已经有人做了。 He regretted having lost such an important chance to study abroad. Much to my regret, I cant accept your invitati

12、on.三、Project1. host: n. 主人，东道主，主持人 vt. 主办，主持 host a program/ host the Olympic Gameshostess: hsts n. 女主人；（夜总会的）女招待；（电视或广播节目的）女主持人；（餐馆的）迎宾女招待vt. 作东，请客2.approve sth: 通过，批准 approve of sth: 同意，赞成 approval: 赞成，同意，认可give ones approval to sth: 同意 I approve of your trying to earn some money but please dont n

13、eglect your studies. The auditors（审计员） approved the companys accounts. Have you given your approval to the trip plan?3. charge （1） v. 收费，要价 charge sb + 钱 + for sth How much do you charge me for mending shoes? 指控 charge sb with sth: 指控某人 She charged me with neglecting my duty. 她指控我玩忽职守。 进攻，冲锋 charge

14、（at） sb We drew our sword and charged at the enemy. 给充电 charge the battery （2） n.管理，负责；指控；电荷，电量；费用 free of charge:管理负责 be in charge of sth: take charge of sth: be in the charge of sb: 由负责 He was left in charge of the shop while the manager was away. 经理不在时，他负责这家商店。 The department was badly organized

15、until she took charge of it. 那个部门在她负责以前组织工作做得很差。 These patients are in the charge of Dr Wilson.4. more than: 多于； 比多； 非常（=very）； 不只是 More than 10 students have attended the assembly. Im more happy to take you there in my car. The beauty of the West Lake is more than words can describe.5. make prepara

16、tions for sth: 为做准备 in preparation for sth: 为做准备（作状语） The army is making preparations for a full-scale invasion. We are doing all this in preparation for the coming exam.6. inform sb of sth: 告知某人 keep sb informed of sth: 使某人被告知让某人知道 I have been informed of the latest news. Keep me informed of what h

17、as happened.Unit 2 Growing pains1. than expected: 和预料的相比 She stayed two days more than expected.2. cant wait to do sth: 迫不及待地做 I couldnt wait to take photos when I saw the sea.3. Eric runs in after it, followed by a dog, walking very slowly. （1） 分词作状语，从句和主句的主语必须一致。 （2） followed by a dog为过去分词作状语，表示伴随

18、状态。相当于and he was followed by a dog. （3） walking very slowly为现在分词作状语，表示伴随状态。相当于and it walked very slowly.4. be supposed to do sth: 应该做 You are supposed to pay the bill by Friday.5. mess: n. 脏，乱 messy: adj. 脏乱的 in a mess: 杂乱无章；脏乱不堪 The previous chairman had left the company in a terrible mess.6. doing

19、 （动作进行主动） done （动作完成被动） with + n + to do （将来） adj / adv 介词短语 性质或特征 名词 （1） With so many people communicating in English every day, it will become more and more important to have a good knowledge of English. （2） With all the money spent, Jack started looking for work. （3） With so much work to do, I ca

20、nt spare a minute. （4） Hearing the lion roaring, I felt frightened, with my face pale. （5） With the exams over, the students returned to their own classroom. （6） The river with grass and flowers on both sides runs through our campus. （7） With a stick his only weapon, he fought the tiger.7. There is

21、a garbage can around which are pieces of garbage and waste paper. around which为定语从句的地点状语，后面句子用倒装形式。 表示方位的副词、名词短语、形容词短语、介词短语放在句首，而且主语是名词时，句子完全倒装。常见的方位副词有：here，there，out，in，down，away，off等。 常见的名词短语有：north，south，west，east等。（1） Here comes the bus.（2） Southeast of the village stands a tower.（3） By nine oc

22、lock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _appeared a rare rainbow soon. （2008福建）（答案为D）A. of which B. on which C. from which D. above which8. leave sb in charge of sth: 让某人负责 Who will be left in charge of the department when I am away on business?9. sink: （1） n. 水池

23、，洗涤槽（2） v. （sank, sunk） vt. 使下沉；挖，掘；使受挫 be sunk in sth: 陷入（某种情绪）. Three ships were sunk that night by enemy torpedoes. 那天夜里三艘船被敌人鱼雷击沉。 sink a well: 挖井 She just sat there, sunk in thought / gloom（忧愁） / misery（痛苦）。 vi. 下沉，沉没；下陷，（日、月）落下；降低，衰退 ones heart sink: 感到失望sink into sth: 陷入；渐渐 Wood wont sink in

24、water. The foundations （地基） sank two feet after the flood. The sun sank slowly behind the hills. When I saw the pile of dirty dishes, my heart sank. Now China has sunk into great economic recession.10. tolerate: vt. 容忍，忍受，宽容 tolerance: tlrns n. 容忍，忍受，宽容，耐受力 tolerant: tlrnt adj. 容忍的，忍受的，宽容的 be tolera

25、nt of / towards sth: 容忍；对宽容 a government which refuses to tolerate opposition.不容有人反对的政府。 racial tolerance：种族上的宽容 Her own mistakes made her tolerant of the faults of others.她因自己有错误，对别人的错误就不计较了。11. defend: vt. 防御，保护；辩解 defend oneself: 自卫；自我辩解 defend sb against / from sth: 保卫免于；就为辩解 When the dog attacked me, I defended myself with a stick. The newspaper defended her against the accusations. 报纸为她辩护，驳斥对她的指责。12. deserve sth / to do sth: 值得应得应受 deserve punishment / to be punished13. that is why: 那就是为什么 That is why I came late.14. be hard on sb: 对严厉；对苛刻