五年高考英语阅读理解话题分类解读与训练专题05 生态环保类文档格式.docx

1、 vt.毁坏，损害3.destroy vt.破坏，毁坏destruction n.破坏，毁灭4.distant adj.远的；远处的distance n.距离5.effort n.努力，艰难的尝试6.influence n.&vt.影响7.permit vt.许可，允许；n.许可证permission n.允许，许可8.pollution n.污染pollute vt.使污染9.prevent vt.防止，预防10.protect vt.保护protection n.保护11.recycle vt.回收；再循环12.volunteer n.志愿者13.waste vt.& n.浪费；滥用；废料

2、14.wave v.挥手；向致意；n.波浪；挥手.阅读识记单词15.advocate vt.拥护，支持；提倡16.atmosphere n.大气；气氛17.blow vt.吹；刮；n.吹；重击18.challenging adj.具有挑战性的19.decrease v.减少，变小20.decline v.减少，下降；衰退；谢绝21.disappearance n.消失disappear vi.消失，失踪22.ecology n.生态，生态学23.environment n.环境24.evolution n.进化，演变25.extinction n.灭绝26.garbage n.垃圾27.har

3、vest n.& vt.收割，收获（物）28.harmony n.和谐29.irrigate vt.灌溉30.material n.原料；材料31.primitive adj.原始的，远古的32.preserve vt.保护；保留，保存33.protection n.保护34.punishment n.惩罚35.puzzled adj.迷惑不解的36.radiation n.放射，放射物37.responsibility n.责任，负责responsible adj.有责任的，应负责任的38.rubbish n.垃圾；废物39.substitute vt.取代，代替40.survival n.

4、存活，幸存II 高频短语1.call on sb.to do sth.号召/呼吁某人做某事2.cut down砍倒3.die out灭绝4.do harm to对有危害5.have disastrous effect on对有灾难性的影响6.live in harmony with与和谐相处7.prevent.from.阻止做8.run out用完；耗尽9.take steps/measures/action to do sth.采取措施做某事10.take/be responsibility for对负责任语境活用运用上述短语完成片段Recently many trees in the fo

5、rest 1.were cut down（被砍倒） by the farmers，which 2.did great harm to（给带来很大危害） nature.Many animals and plants have 3.died out（灭绝）.This will 4.have disastrous effect on（对有灾难性的影响） human being.I think human beings should 5.take responsibility for（对负责） their actions and 6.live in harmony with（与和谐共处） nature

6、.The government should 7.take measures/steps/action to 8.prevent them from（阻止他们） doing these things again and 9.call on（号召） them to plant more trees.III 经典句式1.with复合结构With the number of cars increasing fast in our city，our environment is getting increasingly worse.在我们的城市，随着汽车数量的快速增长，我们的环境正急剧恶化。仿写Tor

7、i的眼睛闪着光吹嘘道，“我敢打赌，Sean两天前告诉我的。”（2016浙江）With her eyes shining，Tori brags，“You bet I did.Sean told me two days ago.”2.Its （high） time that.Its high time that we paid much attention to protecting our environment.到了我们应该高度重视保护我们的环境的时候了。仿写是我该着手考虑那篇文章的时候了。Its time I got down to thinking about that essay.3.过

8、去分词（短语）作状语Faced with this situation，we are supposed to raise the awareness of environmental protection.面对这种情况，我们应该提高环境保护的意识。仿写因为被灌木丛中的蛇咬到，苏珊被送回到露营地。Bitten by the snake in the bush，Susan was sent back to the camp.【典例剖析】Is there link between humans and climate change or not？This question was first stu

9、died in the early 1900s.Since then，many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997，the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earths changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions（排放） from 2008 to 2012.Some countries have decided to continue these re

10、ductions until 2020.More recently，the Paris Agreement，stuck by nearly 200 countries，also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.70.It can be concluded from Paragraph 1 that .A. the problem of global warming will hav

11、e been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming答案D解+析推理判断题。根据第一段第三至六句“Since then，many scientists have thought that our

12、 actions do make a difference. In 1997，the Kyoto.stuck by nearly 200 countries，also aims to limit global warming.”可知，自从20世纪早期开始人类就一直在努力减少温室气体的排放，希望能减缓全球变暖的趋势。故D项正确。71.If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement，what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population wou

13、ld increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreements minimum goal would not be reached.根据第二段“This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises t

14、o reduce carbon emissions”可知，如果各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，到2100年气温会比现在高三度。而根据第三段中的“To meet this minimum goal”可知，最小的目标是上升两度，也就是说即使各国的气体排放能够符合巴黎协议的要求，也达不到最小的目标。72.If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive，the maximum temperature rise，since the start of the industrial age，should be .A.0.8

15、B.1.5C.2 D.3.5答案B解+析细节理解题。根据第四段“This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement，after a push by lowlying island nations like Kiribati，which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5 could save them from sinking.”可知，对于那些海拔低的国家来说稳定上升1.5度，就可以避免他们被淹没。故B项正确。名师指津1.抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络通

16、过阅读文章可知，本文介绍了世界各国的人们一直努力减少温室气体的排放，并设立了到2100年我们应该达成的目标以及达成目标要符合的条件。文章具体脉络如下：2.总结解题规律，提高解题能力掌握常考题型，巧妙得出答案细节理解题一直都是高考阅读理解中常考的题型，通常细节题的正确选项有以下特征：（1）对原文句子中的关键词进行替换。把原文中的一些词换成意义相近的词，成为正确选项。（2）词性或者语态的变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，或者改变原文句子的语态，给考生制造障碍。（3）语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，成为正确答案。（4）正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项（适用于寻找错误选项的

17、题目）。例如第72题，根据第四段“This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement，after a push by lowlying island nations like Kiribati，which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5 could save them from sinking.”可知，对于那些海拔低的国家来说稳定上升1.5度，就可以避免他们被淹没。话题词汇重现1.atmosphere n.大气；2.reduction n.减少3

18、.temperature n.温度4.species n.物种5.extinction n.灭绝6.climate change气候变化7.make a difference有影响，起作用8.gas emissions（温室）气体排放9.global warming全球气温变暖Passage 1（2018年北京卷）体裁话题词数难度建议时间说明文解决塑料污染提供了新的途径3657分钟Plastic-Eating WormsHumans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that win

19、ds up in landfills（垃圾填埋场）, and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can brea

20、k down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene

21、 breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste（糊状物） and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass apparently broken down by enzymes （酶） from the worms stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.Federica Bertocchini, co-author of

22、the study, says the worms ability to break down their everyday food beeswax also allows them to break down plastic. Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon-carbon bond, is there as well, she explains, The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond. Jennif

23、er DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting. The next step, DeBruyn says, will be t

24、o identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）?Bertocchini agrees and hopes her teams findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial pro

25、cess not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.43. What can we learn about the worms in the study?A. They take plastics as their everyday food.B. They are newly evolved creatures.C. They can consume plastics.D. They wind up in landfills.44. According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next ste

26、p of the study is to .A. identify other means of the breakdownB. find out the source of the enzymeC. confirm the research findingsD. increase the breakdown speed45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .A. help to raise wormsB. help make plastic bagsC. be used to clean

27、the oceansD. be produced in factories in future46. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To explain a study method on worms.B. To introduce the diet of a special worm.C. To present a way to break down plastics.D. To propose new means to keep eco-balance.【文章大意】本文为说明文。文章介绍了一种吃塑料的虫子大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料

28、，这为解决塑料污染提供了新的途径。44.B 细节理解题。根据文章第四段The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes（肠道微生物）?可知，下一步研究是辨清分解的原因，查明这种酶来源于哪里，是虫子自己产生的还是它肠道里的微生物产生的。故选B。45.D 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段But she expects using the chemical in som

29、e kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. 可以推断出，Bertocchini希望这种化学物质将来能在工业生产中使用，而不是仅仅依靠蠕虫来分解塑料。故选D。46.C 写作意图题。根据文章第一段最后一句So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms. 可知

30、，有一种新的方法被用于分解塑料。再根据最后一段最后一句But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process not simply millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic. 可知，Bertocchini希望将这种方法推广到工业中。由此可以推知写作意图为介绍一种分解塑料的方法。故选C。Passage 2（2018年浙江卷） 几种购物袋的使用情况 286 Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you