高中英语阅读猜词技巧文本附解析Word文档格式.docx

1、 （8）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the phrase/word/sentence “_”?做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境想当然。猜测词义时，要掌握以下三个做题要领和六种解题技巧：做题要领1）文中找线索或信息词;2） 根据熟悉的词及词义判断新单词之意； 3）根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。解题技巧技巧 1 Definition 定义法：一般通过定义/定语从句/词组或

2、同位语从句来确定词义。技巧 2 Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词、表对比关系的词猜测词义。技巧 3 CauseEffect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。技巧4 Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。技巧5 Word Formation 构词法：在猜测词义过程中，依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。技巧6 Synonym or antonym根据文段中出现的同义、近义或反义词的意思进行判断。技巧7 Syntax根据句子结构进行判断。技巧8 Background description根据文章的背景进行判断。技巧9 Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示

3、来猜测词义技巧篇：一般通过定义/定语从句/词组或同位语从句来确定词义（Signal words: mean, refer to, be called, be known as, can be defined as, in other words, that is, that is to say, 定语从句.etc.）1.It will be very hard but very brittlethat is , it will break easily .从后面的解释中，我们可以了解到brittle是“易碎的，脆的”的意思2.The herdsman , who looks after she

4、ep, earns about 650 yuan a year.定语从句中looks after sheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧羊人”。表示对比的词有but 、 yet 、 while 、however、 otherwise等。1. Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical. 根据对比关系，这里cool和tropical是相反的意义，很容易判断理tropical的意思为: hot 热的2.Unlike his brother, who is truly a handso

5、me man, John is quite homely 根据对比关系“homely” means “not handsome / plain”技巧 3 Cause&Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因 1. Hat museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. 既然一天之内看不完所有的展品，这个博物馆当然是够“大的”了。2.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the we

6、akness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.从后面的结果永远不能再运动中，可以推测 permanent 的意思为永远的，永久的。（Signal words: for instance, for example, such as） 1.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machine, refrigerators and color televisions.根据

7、for instance后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中appliances的是指“家用电器”。1 根据前缀猜测词义Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?根据词根educational（教育的），结合前缀co-（共同，一起），我们便可以猜出co-educational的意思是：男女同校教育的意思。2 根据后缀猜测词义People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions vehicles,” but people in Cal

8、ifornia seem to be clueless about where electricity comes from.A. be familiar with B.be curious about C.show their interest in D.fail to understand后缀 -less是否定后缀，结合上下文，不难猜出 be clueless about 的意思是D（不清楚，不能理解）。3 根据复合词的各部分猜测词义（1）Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well-de

9、signed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.Well-designed 或许是个生词，但我们分析该词的结构后，就能推测出其含义。它由well （好，优秀）和design （设计）两部分组成，合在一起便是设计精巧的意思。（2）We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of thi

10、s, most people that craft （手艺） no longer exists.根据合成词中的mass （大量的）和produce （生产），我们可以推测 mass-produce的意思是：大批量生产；规模生产的意思。技巧 6 根据文段中出现的同义、近义或反义词的意思进行判断。例题1： I had just gone to bed after a very hard day when the phone rang. It was an eccentric（怪僻的）farmer. I had never met him before although I had often he

11、ard people talk about him. He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understood anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. I hadnt the slightest idea who she was but I obviously had to go.The underlined phras

12、e make out in the first paragraph means _.A. expectB. understandC. see clearly D. hear clearly根据第四句话的意思，我们知道“Even then”实际上是指前文的“I understood anything”，因此这句话可以理解为“Even when I understood anything, all （that） I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident”。显然，“make out”是被用来取

13、代前面的“understood”，以避免重复，它们应该是近义或同义词，所以，B选项是正确的。例题2： One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.Which of the following can be used

14、in place of “Quite the reverse”?A. Quite right. B. True enough. C. Most unlikely. D. Just the opposite.根据quite the reverse这个短语前后两个句子中的“perfect information”与“imperfect information”这两个意思相反的词组，我们可以推断出quite the reverse这个短语应该是表示它前后两个句子的转折关系。只有D选项符合这种意思，因此，可以考虑它是正确答案。技巧7 根据句子结构进行判断。 Quietly, the graying o

15、f America has made us a very different society one in which people have a quite different idea of what kind of behavior （行为）is suitable （合适） at various ages.The underlined word one refers to _.A. a society B. America C. a place D. Population从结构上看，one与society是同位关系，因此，A选项符合题意，是正确答案。 In 1963 a schoolbo

16、y called Andrew Wiles reading in his school library came across the worlds greatest mathematical problem: Fermats Last Theorem （定理）. First put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including

17、a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Poly-technique.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text? A. To encourage people to raise ques

18、tions.B. To cause difficulty in understanding.C. To provide a person with an explanation.D. To limit peoples imagination.在“the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds”这个句子中，并列连词and起着很重要的提示作用，因为它意味着被它连接起来的两个动词在意义上有一致性。“had beaten the finest mathematical minds”可以理解为“击败了一些顶级的数学家”，而

19、这个定理之所以可以“击败一些顶级的数学家”不外乎是因为它太难了，因此我们可以顺理成章地把baffle与difficult联系在一起。我们可以试图这样理解这句话“这个定理难住并击败了一些顶级的数学家”。四个选项中B选项最接近这个意思。例题3： A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. What does the underline

20、d word “hassle” （paragraph 1） probably mean? A. a party designed by specialistsB. a plan requiring careful thoughtC. a situation causing difficulty or troubleD. a demand made by guests根据“A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun”，这两个分句之间的转折关系我们可以推断出“hassle”与“fun”应

21、该是一对反义词。A、B、D 三个选项与这个判断都不吻合，只有C选项与这个判断比较一致，因此，C选项是唯一可能正确的答案。技巧8 根据文章的背景进行判断。如：JINTAN, JIANGSU: The 20 students 18 boys and 2 girls had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung（阶梯）out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luog

22、eng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest （竞赛）on Tuesday evening.The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14. Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just unbelievable! said a teacher from Guangdong province.The underl

23、ined phrase figure out in the text means _.A. work out B. add upC. guessD. study文段叙述的是第五届全国华罗庚杯数学竞赛的获奖情况，划线部分的“them”指的是“many of the problems”，因此，根据文段所叙述的竞赛这一背景，可以断定划线部分的动词应该是计算的意思，只有A选项符合文意，因此，是可能正确的答案。技巧9 Context 上下文：例题：1 Tom cant find his sneakers. A. Money B. bowls C. shoes Tom cant find his whit

24、e sneakers A. Money B. bowls C. shoes Tom cant play tennis now because he cant find his white sneakers. A. Money B. bowls C. shoes【解析】sneakers中学课本中未出现过的新词。根据英语语法，作为名词的A、B、C代入（1）句中都正确。但在speakers前加一个修饰语white就应去掉A，答案则可能是B和C。而第三句话的前面再加一层意思：Tom cant play tennis now，这样一看就知道bowls（碗）与打网球没有什么联系，而shoes与打网球却有密

25、切联系，不穿鞋怎么打网球呢？C就成为唯一正确选项。2 Finally, renewable energy sources are used even though they are often expensive to develop. One form of these is geothermal energy. In certain parts of the world the temperature of the earth increases thirty degrees centigrade with each kilometre down. At six kilometres, t

26、herefore, it rises to nearly two hundred degrees. To get the heat, water is pumped（压;抽）down into the rocks and back up to the surface. Heat from the earth is already used in certain countries. The underlined words geothermal energy in the third paragraph mean _.A. renewable source B. underground sou

27、rce C. heat inside the earth D. temperature of the earth这一段讲的是“renewable energy sources”的开发问题，并且举例“geothermal energy”是其中的一种，接下来文章进一步解释“geothermal energy”的形成及开发利用的方式。A、B、D三个选项指代的范围都太大，与下文对“geothermal energy”的解释不完全一致，因此都可以排除。下文在解释了地内温度升高的一般规律后接着说“To get the heat, water is pumped（压;抽）down into the rock

28、s and back up to the surface”，并且说“Heat from the earth is already used in certain countries.”因此，可以确定“geothermal energy”指的是“地热资源”，所以C选项是正确的。3 Many people say, “I am much younger than my mother - or my father - was at my age.” No one says “Act your age” any more. Weve stopped looking with surprise at older people who act in youthful ways.“Act your age” means people should _.A. be active when they are oldB. do the right thing at the right ageC. show respect for their parents young or oldD. take more physical exercise suitable to their age“Weve stopped looking with surprise at older people