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自考综合英语二题型备考Word格式.docx

1、(2)考查形近词辨析。如: persistent / insistent/consistent /resistant(3)近义词辨析。 capacity/aptitude/competence/ qualification (4)考词组的搭配 如: He turned down the request because it was _ the limits of his power. Aabove Bover Coff Dbeyond2词形转换 (10分)考查学生对词形变化规则和英语构词法的掌握情况。本项要求学生在理解句子意思的基础上,将括号内的词作恰当的变化填入空白处,使句子完整。He ha

2、d nothing to gain from lying so we saw no reason to _ him. (belief) The students were _ for the holidays to start. (patient)disbelieve impatient做这种题首先要先所填的词在句中所作的成分确定词性,然后考虑要填的词的正确形式,如果是名词应该是单数还是复数,如果是动词是用第三人称单数还是原形还是应该用分词形式。填入后看看该句意思是不是讲得通。3. 完形填空 ( A 或 B)(15分)(A)考查考生对语法、词汇、惯用法、句型综合运用能力以及一定的阅读理解能力。

3、本项为一篇短文其中有15个空白,每一个空白由4个选项。 要求考生在理解短文的基础上,选出一个最佳答案,使短文的内容和结构正确。本题的短文选自教材以外的文章,其难度程度相当于教材中的完型填空练习题。(B)考查考生对所学的课文熟悉程度及对词汇和句法的熟练程度。 本项从指定教材的课文中选出长度为150200词的片断,抽掉15个词,留出相应的空白,要求考生填入与课文一致的词。()首先要快速阅读全文,掌握全文的大意。完型填空的短文一般无标题,但首句通常不设空白,它是文章的开篇重要信息源,尾句往往在文章中起到画龙点睛的作用。()由于此题是从所学过的课文中选的,所要填的词必须与课文中的词一致,所以平时学习时

4、要求熟读课文。熟练掌握各课词汇的用法并掌握其句法关系,理解课文的意思,才能把漏掉的词正确地补出来。4 难句释义 (10分) 考查学生对所学课文中难句的理解能力。本项中的每题均从指定教材选出的难句。每题有四个选项。要求考生选出正确答案。难句的标准是(1)句中由不易理解的词或从字面上猜不出其意思的词语,(2)句子结构复杂,(3)句子表面简单,没有难词,结构也不复杂,但其含义深刻。例:She was a real find.A. Finally, we found a washwoman after so much trouble.B. Finally, we found a washwoman w

5、ho charged no more than others.C. Finally, we found a washwoman who came on time every time.D. Finally, we found a washwoman who was excellent and valuable.答案: 根据上下文,正确理解课文中难句的意思是做好此题的必要条件。每题所给的四个选项中只有一个是与原文意思相符的。其余三个或多或少与原文有所差异,考生作题时应细心判断。作此类题时对句子中的关键词或词组一定要掌握好。常常知道了关键词或词组的意思,整个句子的意思就清楚了。 5汉译英(句子)(

6、15分)重点考查学生对所学的句子结构、重点词汇和语法项目的掌握和运用能力。本项由若干小题组成。每小题为一个汉语句子,要求考生把这些句子译成英语。我们为我们国家五十年来取得的成就感到自豪。We are very proud of what our country has achieved in the past fifty years. 汉译英是考查学生运用英语的综合能力。要对课文的重点句型、词汇和语法熟练掌握并能运用。做这种题型关键是确定好句型,选准词组。6 阅读理解 (20分)考查考生的综合理解能力。要求考生在规定的时间内读完总阅读量为1200词左右的两篇短文。短文基本没有生词,即使有,也可

7、以根据上下文猜出词义。问题范围涉及文中词和短语的意思、短文的内容、各部分相互之间的关系、单句或全文的内在含意或推理、文章主题思想或大意、作者的态度等。 先通读全文,了解文章的大意,然后根据后面所给的选择题逐题逐段阅读,并找出正确的答案。7 写作 (15分)考查学生运用英语语言的能力,要求考生在限定的时间内,用130-150左右的词回答一个有关综合英语(二)上下册31篇课文内容的大问题。此题是以回答就所学过的课文所提的问题的形式写一篇短文。因此,必须对各课课文内容有正确理解,熟练掌握。在回答问题是,要表达清楚,用词恰当,语言通顺,句子结构完整,语法要正确。要避免中国式英语。重点语法 (结合考题讲

8、解)综合英语(二)常考的语法为:名词单数变复数,定语从句,虚拟语气,反意疑问句,非谓语动词,时态,名词性从句,形容词副词的比较级,主谓一致,倒装等等。下面我们把这些语法项目进行详细的有重点的讲解。名词1. 大多数集体名词可作单数,也可作复数,如: army , audience , class , committee , crew ( 全体船员,乘务员 ) , crowd , faculty , family , government , group , orchestra , team , union 等。强调整体时谓语动词用单数,强调个体时谓语动词用复数。 The government i

9、s paying close attention to economic development.The government are having a heated discussion on this matter. 2.有些名词形式为复数,却用作单数,如 :electronics( 电子学 ) , mathematics( 数学 ) , optics( 光学 ) , politics , statistics( 统计学 ), economics (经济学), physics 等。例如 :Linguistics is a difficult subject to study.3. 名词作定

10、语时,除了man和woman要和中心词一起变成复数之外,其它修饰词不能变成复数。例如a woman teacher - two women teachersa man doctor - two men doctorsa girl student - five girl studentsa boy student -six boy students4. 复合名词的复数只把其中所包含的主体名词变成复数。如 : looker(s)-on , runner(s)-up , sister(s)-in-law , editor(s)-in-chief , passer(s)-by , grand-chil

11、d(ren) , shoe lace(s) , blood type(s) 等。5. 如果没有主体名词,就在最后一个词上加复数词尾。go-between(s) , drawback(s), grown-ups “Of+抽象名词”相当于形容词Of interest-interesting Of importance-important Of value-valuableOf necessity-necessaryOf possibility-possibleOf great importance- greatly important/very importantOf no value-value

12、less切记invaluable=priceless这里主要讲一下 不定代词some和any。通常some用于肯定句,any 用于疑问句和否定句。但在下列情况下例外:(1)在表示请求、建议时,some及其派生词可以用于疑问句。Would you like some coffee?Can somebody come and help me?Could you lend me some books?Why dont you buy some flowers for her birthday?注意“any +单数名词”和“any other +单数名词”的区别。现在用两个例子进行说明。China i

13、s larger than any other country in Asia. (China belongs to Asia.)China is larger than any country in Africa. (China does not belong to Africa.)(2)any及其派生词用于肯定句时,起强调作用,意思是 “任何的” .如:You can come any day you like. 你哪天来都行He is taller than any of the other boys in the class. (any of the other boys=any ot

14、her boy)形容词和副词以下情况形容词常用于后置定语 :1) 一些表语性形容词要后置,如 :present (到场的,出席的) , available , involved , concerned , etc 。2) 形容词修饰不定代词 something , anything , everything 时要后置。There was something wrong with her. I came across a tricky question hard to answer. I wondered if there was a room available. 注意enough的位置:en

15、ough 修饰名词时放在名词前后均可,修饰形容词或副词时要放在后面。enough water /water enough careful enough/ well enough形容词和副词的原级比较由 “as + 形容词或副词原级 ( 或后跟名词或短语 )+as” 构成, “asas” 前可加 not , just , almost , nearly , quite , twice , several times 等词修饰。否定式中 not 后面的 as 可改为 so 。He is as tall as I.He is not as/as careful as his brother.形容词与

16、副词的比较级形式为 :“ 形容词 ( 副词 ) 比较级 +than+” ,应注意 than 前后相比较的人或物要一致 (否则没有可比性)。比较级前可以跟 even , much , stilI, far, a lot 等副词修饰比较级,表示强调。You voice is more beautiful than your classmates/that of your classmates.The population in China is much larger than that in America.The values of the young differ from those of

17、 their elders. 不可数名词或名词单数,后面用that代替,可数名词复数后面用those代替。注意一些以-ior结尾的来自于拉丁语的单词,虽表示比较的含义,但后面要用to而不是than。常用的有七个:be junior to -be younger than be senior to -be older than be posterior to -be later than be anterior to -be earlier than be prior to -be earlier than/be more important than be inferior to -be wo

18、rse than be superior to -be better than还要注意比较级重要结构:the +比较级, the +比较级 ( 越 就越 ) ,常考选择或翻译。The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you make.The earlier you come, the better (it is).形容词与副词的最高级的形式分别为 :“the+ 形容词最高级 + 名词十范围表达 ” 和 “ 副词最高级十名词 + 范围表达 ” ,副词的比较级和最高级不需要加 the 。We are the happiest when stayin

19、g with friends. I carried out the task more successfully than he had expected. Most 有时并不都是最高级形式,相当于very,该用法比较正式。It is a most touching film. 这是一部非常感人的电影。They shall most certainly come. 他们很可能回来。时态国考中的考试重点是完成时态,现在我们详细讲完成时态的用法。只有延续性动词可以和时间段连用,瞬间动词要改为相应的持续性的表示状态的短语。die-be deadleave/go-be awaybuy/borrow-k

20、eep/havestart/begin-be on注意重要句型:It is (has been)since这一结构也常用于现在完成时。It has been (也可用is) a long time since they last met each other.“This/It/That be the first (second) time that”句型中,从句常用完成时态。例如:Is this the first time that you have visited Hong Kong?This will be the second time that I have broken a cup

21、 this week.That was the third time he had been interrupted that afternoon. *现在完成进行时表示一种不间断的动作,因此在提到做某事的次数或所做事情的种类时,不能用该时态,而只能用现在完成时I have knocked at the door five times, but Im afraid nobody is in.The pop singer has sung three songs.关于过去完成时1. 由had +过去分词构成,表示在过去某一时刻以前已经完成的动作,常与由by, before,until等介词或连词

22、引起的表示到过去某一时间为止的时间状语连用。The girl had learned a lot of English words before she went to school.2.用在表示与过去情况相反的虚拟句的从句中。If he had studied hard last term, he would have passed the examination.I wish I had gone to the party last night.关于将来完成时由shall (will) + have +过去分词构成,表示将来某个时间之前会发生或可能完成的事情,常与by, before, w

23、hen等介词或连词引导的表示将来的时间短语或从句连用。When we get there theyll probably have left.By the end of this century China will have become one of the strongest and wealthiest country in the world.下面我们要讲的是语法中的重中之重:情态动词+完成式(1)could+have+过去分词 有时表示过去的时间,说明某事可能已发生,有时也表示与事实相反,表示本来有能力做某事,但却未做。例 What happened in the airport

24、could have been true. The director could have produced a better film.He could have helped me, but he didnt.(2) might/may+have+过去分词 表示对已经发生的情况进行揣测,但语气相当不肯定,表示近乎未实现的行为. You might have done the work better.你本来可以把工作做得更好一些。(3) must+have+过去分词 是对发生在过去的一种行为的推测,表示过去必定发生过的事情 ,语气相当肯定,表示“肯定,一定”。It must have rai

25、ned last night. The ground is wet.昨夜一定下雨了,地上湿乎乎的。(4) should/ought to +have+过去分词 表示该做而未做到的事,表示“本应”。They should have made a good job of it.他们本来可把工作做好。(5) should not/oughtnt to+have+过去分词 表示做了不该做的事,表示“本不应该”。You should not have done such things. 你不该干出这种事情来。(6) cant(couldnt)+have+过去分词 表示对过去的动作进行否定性推测。意为“肯

26、定没有,肯定不是”。The poem cant have been written by the little girl; she is only four.这首诗肯定不是这个小女孩写的,她才刚四岁。(7) would+have+过去分词经常用于虚拟条件句中,表示与过去事实相反的猜测。If she had known about it, she would have talked about it.她要是知道这件事的话, 早就对此说东道西了。(8) neednt +have + 过去分词 表示不必做的事情却做了,可译为“原本不必”“其实不必”。You neednt have done all

27、these calculations. We have a computer to deal with that sort of thing. Exercises1. The streets are all wet. It _ during the night. (2005/4)A. must rain B. must have rainedC. must be raining D. must have been raining2. I _ this three-room apartment without the money I borrowed from the bank. (2004/1

28、0)neednt have boughtmustnt have boughtC. shouldnt have boughtD. couldnt have boughtD B 3. When we reached the cinema, the film _ started, for there were no people at the entrance. (2004/4)A. should have B. ought to have C. had to have D. must have4. I think you ought _ me about the matter and not have let me make such a fool of myself. (2002/4) A. have told B. tell C. had told D. to have toldD D5. In the past few months the project _held up by the heated discussion about whether it is worthwhile. (2005/10)Ais BwasChas been Dhad been6. This is the first time I _ on an English-

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