考研英语真题精编打印版.docx

1、考研英语真题精编打印版Section I Use of English: 10%Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But _1_ some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does _2_ short-term changes in the function of the heart an

2、d its blood vessels, _3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to _4_, a good laugh is unlikely to have _5_ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does._6_, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the _7_.

3、Studies dating back to the 1930s indicate that laughter. _8_ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9_the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of _10_ feedba

4、ck, that improve an individuals emotional state. _11_ one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted _12_ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry _13_ they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness al

5、so _14_ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow _15_ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988, social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of Wrzburg in Germany asked volunteers to _16_ a pen either with their teeththereby creating an artificial smile or with their lips,

6、 which would produce a(n) _17_ expression. Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles _18_ more exuberantly to funny cartons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown, _19_ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around _20_, the physical act of laught

7、er could improve mood.1. A among B except C despite D like2. A reflect B demand C indicate D produce3. A stabilizing B boosting C impairing D determining4. A transmit B sustain C evaluate D observe5. A measurable B manageable C affordable D renewable6. A In turn B In fact C In addition D In brief7.

8、A opposite B impossible C average D expected8. A hardens B weakens C tightens D relaxes9. A aggravate B generate C moderate D enhance10. A physical B mental C subconscious D internal11. A Except for B According to C Due to DAs for12. A with B on C in D at13. A unless B until C if D because14. A exha

9、usts B follows C precedes D suppresses15. A into B from C towards D beyond16. A fetch B bite C pick D hold17. A disappointed B excited C joyful D indifferent18. A adapted B catered C turned D reacted19. A suggesting B requiring C mentioning D supposing20. A Eventually B Consequently C Similarly D Co

10、nverselySection II Reading Comprehension: 40%Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorabl

11、e, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him

12、 “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For m

13、y part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to m

14、y CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not

15、only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreove

16、r, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is no

17、t yet available on record. Gilberts own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Mere

18、ly expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointment hasA incurred criticism.B r

19、aised suspicion.C received acclaim.D aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isA influential.B modest.C respectable.D talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoersA ignore the expenses of live performances.B reject most kinds of recorded performances.C exagg

20、erate the variety of live performances.D overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?A They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.B They are easily accessible to the general public.C They help improve the quality of mus

21、ic.D They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feelsA doubtful.B enthusiastic.C confident.D puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than c

22、loaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group,

23、 which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks the No. 2 executives at A

24、von and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting

25、 vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum R

26、esearch. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached.

27、Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: “I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.” Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wa

28、nted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for t

29、op performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are, but thats been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long.”26.

30、 When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as beingA arrogant.B frank.C self-centered.D impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives quitting may be spurred byA their expectation of better financial status.B their need to reflect on their private life.C their

31、strained relations with the boards.D their pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably meansA approved of.B attended to.C hunted for.D guarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph thatA top performers used to cling to their posts.B loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.C top performers care more about reputations.D its safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title fo