最新语言学概论复习重点题目附答案Word文档格式.docx

1、4. （ ） The goal of _ is to explore the nature of language variation and language use among a variety of speech communities and indifferent social situations. A. psycholinguistics B. sociolinguistics C. historical linguistics D. general linguistics 5. （ ） A _ vowel is one that is produced with the fr

2、ont part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.A. back B. central C. front D. middle 6. （ ） The open, back and long vowel is _. A.： B.： C.： D.u:7. （ ） Language change is universal, continuous and, to a considerable extent _. A. regular but not systematic B. irregular and systematicC. regula

3、r and systematic D. irregular but systematic 8. （ ） A scientific study of language is based on the _ investigation of language data.A. symbolic B. systemic C. systematic D. system9. （ ） _ are sometimes called “semivowels”. A. vowels B. fricative C. glides D. nasals10. （ ） _ is a typical tone languag

4、e.A. English B. Chinese C. French D. American English 11. （ ） A sentence is considered _ when it conforms to the grammatical knowledge in the mind of native speakers.A. right B. wrong C. grammatical D. ungrammatical 12. （ ） The number of the lexical items in the minor lexical categories is _ and no

5、new members are allowed for.A. large B. small C. limitless D. fixed 13. （ ） Human beings are the only species that learns and acquires language_ explicit instruction. A. with B. without C. within D. through 14. （ ） According to F. de Saussure, _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all

6、 the members of a speech community.A. parole B. performance C. langue D. language 15. （ ） Acoustic phoneticians try to describe the _ properties of the stream of sounds which a speaker issues.A. oral B. mental C. physical D. recorded 16. （ ） _ is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world

7、s languages.A. Phonology B. Phonetics C. Morphology D. Phonemics 17. （ ） _ transcription is really the transcription required and used by the phoneticians in their study of speech sounds.A. Broad B. Detailed C. Wide D. Narrow 18. （ ） The word “motel” is formed via word formation rule of _. A. clippi

8、ng B. blending C. acronym D. coinage19. （ ） If a linguistic study aims to lay down rules for “correct” behavior, i.e., to tell people what they should say and what they should not say, it is said to be _. A. productive B. arbitrary C. prescriptive D. creative 20. （ ） _, the stress of a compound alwa

9、ys falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary stress.A. Orthographically B. Phonetically C. Semantically D. Syntactically21. （ ） _ is a subfield of linguistics that studies the sentence structure of language.A. Morphology B. Syntax C. Lexicology D. Coordination 22. （ ） _

10、 is a kind of abbreviation of otherwise longer words or phrases. A. Abbreviation B. Acronym C. Clipping D. Blending23. （ ） Those that affect the syntactic category and the meaning of the root as well are _. A. stems B. affixes C. suffixes D. prefixes. 24. （ ） _ refers to the process by which new wor

11、ds are formed by the addition of affixes to the roots, stems, or words.A. Derivation B. Compounding C. Blending D. Back formation25. （ ） Since the phonetic contrast between /k/ in the word “kill” and /k/ in the word “coal” is not a distinctive one, the two /k/-s are only _.A. phonemes B. phones C. s

12、egments D. allophones26. （ ） When /p/ and /b/ occur in the same environments and distinguish meaning, they are in _.A. minimal pair B. minimal set C. phonemic contrast D. complementary distribution 27. （ ） _ at the end of stems can modify the meaning of the original word and in many cases change its

13、 part of speech.A. Roots B. Prefixes C. Suffixes D. Free morphemes28. （ ） As /k/ in the word “came” and /g/ in the word “game” are said to form a distinctive opposition in English, they are _. A. sounds B. phonemes C. allophones D. varieties29. （ ） The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrati

14、ng are _ sounds.A. consonantal B. voiced C. vowel D. voiceless30. （ ） _ are added to an existing form to create a word, which is a very common way to create new words in English.A. Inflectional affixes B. Free morpheme C. Derivational affixes D. Stems 31. （ ） _ is a process of semantic change in whi

15、ch a word loses its former meaning and acquires a new, sometimes related meaning.A. Semantic narrowing B. Semantic broadening C. Semantic borrowing D. Semantic shift32. （ ） _ studies how sounds are put together to convey meaning in communication. A. Phonology B. Morphology C. Lexicology D. Phonetics

16、33. （ ） Stress in English is used to _ semantically important words.A. signal B. stand out C. identify D. single34. （ ） _ refers to the physiological effect of one sound on another.A. Sound assimilation B. Internal borrowing C. Elaboration D. Rule simplification35. （ ） A compound word consists of _.

17、A. two or more than two words B. two morphemesC. two root morphemes D. two or more morphemes36. （ ） Of all the speech organs, the _ is/are the most flexible. A. mouth B. lips C. tongue D. vocal cords37. （ ） “alive” and “dead” are _. A. gradable antonyms B. relational opposites C. complementary anton

18、yms D. None of the above38. （ ）The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _. A. lexical B. grammatical C. morphemic D. semantic II. Directions: Fill in the blanks in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fi

19、ll in ONE word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given.1. English is an i_ language. 2. The affixes occurring at the beginning of a word are called p_. 3. IPA stands for International Phonetic A_. 4. The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments are called s_ feat

20、ures. 5. C_ is a process of combining two or more words into one lexical unit. 6. P_ studies language in relation to the mind. 7. Human capacity for language has a g_ basis, but the details of language have to be taught and learned. 8. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people

21、 actually use, it is said to be d_. 9. P_ is interested in the system of sounds of a particular language. 10. F_ morphemes are independent units of meaning and can be used freely all by themselves. 11. B_ is a process of forming a new word by combining parts of other words.12. An English speaker and

22、 Chinese speaker are both able to use a language, but they are not mutually intelligible. This is a case of c_ transmission. 13. C_ distribution means that the allophones of the same phoneme always occur in different phonetic environments. 14. Affixes like “im-”, “il-”, “un-”, “-tion”, “-or”, “-hood

23、”, are called d_ affixes.15. The two clauses in a complex sentence hold unequal status, one s_ the other. 16. Modern linguistics gives priority to the s_ form of language.17. A bound r_ can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning. 18. Language is p_ in that it makes possible

24、the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. 19. P_ occur at the beginning of a word and suffixes at the end. 20. Historical linguists are concerned with the historical d_ of languages and the processes involved in language change. 21. Linguistics is generally defined as the s_ s

25、tudy of language. 22. D_ means that language can be used to refer to things which present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present , or future, or in faraway places. 23. The sequential order of words in a sentence suggests that the structure of a sentence is l_. 24. Lying across

26、 the glottis are the v_ cords, which are not really cords or strings as the name indicates, but two membranes. 25. S_ is the sub-discipline of linguistics that studies the social significance of language variation and language use in different speech communities including regional, ethnic and social

27、 groups. 26 I_ affixes manifest various grammatical relations or grammatical categories such as number, degree, and case. 27. A d_ study of language is a historical study; it studies the historical development of language over a period of time.28. In terms of morphemic analysis, c_ can be viewed as

28、the combination of two or sometimes more than two words to create new words.29. An acronym is a word created by combining the i_ letters of a number of words.30 The description of a language as it changes through time is a d_ study. 31. The study of all these social aspects of language and its relation with society is known as s_.32. O_