高考状语从句讲解和练习题文档格式.docx

1、2）强调从句动作发生的晚或慢，before可译成“（后）才”句型：It was + 时间段 + before It will be + 时间段 + beforeIt seemed long time before my turn came.It was a long time before I got to sleep again.It will be five years before we meet again.3）主句中谓语动词是否定形式，before可译成“就”、“便”、“快”It was not +时间段 + before It wont be + 时间段+ before （从句谓语

2、动词用一般现在时）It was not long before he got to know it.It wont be long before we get promotion.4）强调在从句动作发生之前，主句动作已经发生，before可译成“还没有就”Before I could say a single word, he ran away.4.when, while, as 的用法及区别1）when表示“当的时候”从句中既可用延续性动词，又可用点动词，可表示动作，又可表示状态。从句中的动词既可和主句的动作同时发生，又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生。I met Tom when I was

3、walking along the street.1）如果when 从句的主语与主句主语相同，谓语又是be动词，从句主语和be可以省略。When （you are） in trouble, ask me for help.2）当when从句主语与主句主语相同时，用when加分词可以代替状语从句。When （ I am） sleeping, I can never hear anything.2.as 表示“当时”、“一边一边”、“随着”1）表示“当时”、“与同时”，指从句的动作未结束，主句中的动作就已发生。从句中多用动态动词，而不用be动词或表示感觉、理解、知道这类动词。As he was e

4、ating his breakfast , he heard the door bell ringing.（强调同一时间）2）用于平行的动作中，表示“一边一边”，常指一个主语同时进行两个动作。The students took notes as they listened.3）表示“随着”，常指两种正在发展或变化的情况。As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom.3.while表示“在的时候”、“在期间”它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时发生或强调主句表示的动作持续于while所指的整个时间内。While从句中必须是延续性

5、动词。I was reading the book while he was watching TV.1）如果主句的动作在从句的动作过程中发生，从句常用进行时。While we were swimming, someone stole our clothes.2）如果主句和从句主语相同，while加现在分词可代替状语从句。While discussing the matter, they got very excited.3）while有时还有对比的含义，意为“然而，却”。While I was reading, he was playing.1.表示主句的动作发生在从句的较长动作过程中，用w

6、hen,while, as。He was fond of swimming when （while） he was yet a child.As he was a child, he was fond of swimming.2.从句中为be动词时，多用when 和 while.Dont talk too much when （while） you are eacting.3.谈论两个同时进行的长时间动作可用while。While he is in the office, he is always serious.（严肃的）4.谈论两个平行动作或两种状态变化多用as。The students

7、rose as the teacher entered the classroom.5.till和untill的用法。在肯定句中表示“直到为止”，主句需用延续性动词。在否定句中表示“直到才”，主句常用点动词。1）till一般不用于句首Lets wait till the rain stops. Dont wake him till midnight.2）until when疑问句中，untill要放在句首Until when are you staying here ?Until next Tuesday.当until引起的状语修饰动词肯定式时，动词常是延续性动词；反之，修饰动词否定式时，动词

8、常是点动词。3）否定句可用另外两种句式表示Not until 放在句首，主句用倒装。Not until it was dark did he come back.It is not until that 强调句型。It wasnt until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.6.since（自从）,ever since（自从）的用法since表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前（说话时间）为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。I have known her since I have live

9、d here.He has been ill ever since.他自那以后一直生病。It is / has been + 时间段+since（一般过去时）It is 10 years since he lived here.7.表示“一就”的结构Hardly / scarcely when , no sooner than, as soon as, the minute, the momemt, directly, immediately 都可以表示“一”的意思。I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain.=I had no

10、 sooner got home than it began to rain.= As soon as I got home, it began to rain.The old worker recognized the type of the machine directly he saw it.如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，主句必须用倒装结构。Hadly had I got home when it began to rain.= No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.The performanc

11、e had hardly begun when the lights went out. = Hardly had the performance begun when the lights went out.条件状语从句分为两大类：真实条件句当从句所表达的条件是有可能实现的、是真实的条件时，用真实条件句。If it rains tomorrow, we wont hold a sports meeting on the playground.If I have time, I will come to help you.非真实条件句当从句所表达的条件是不可能实现的、与客观事实完全相反的条件或

12、假设时，用非真实条件句。If I had known the answer at that time , I would have told him.1.if, unless和ifnot用法条件状语从句可以由if, unless等词或词组引导。Unless在意义上相当于ifnot。If I had enough money, I would buy it.You will fail unless you study hard. = You will fail if you dont study hard.You wont be late unless he is ill. = He wont

13、be late if he is not ill.虚拟条件句中可用ifnot,但不能用unless。If she were not too silly, she would understand.2.引导条件状语从句的其他连词in case 万一， so / as long as 只要，as / so far as 就而言， on condition that 条件是，suppose假设，supposing假设等。Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.You may stay here as long as you keep qui

14、et.We will let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.Suppose the plane is late?= What if （ What will happen if ） the plane is late?on condition that 从句只位于主句后。Suppose / supposing往往仅用在问句中。Suppose / supposing we cant ge enough food, what shall we do ?3.if后的主谓可以省略If possible, I w

15、ould lke to have two copies.= if it is possible, I would like to have two copies.当主句是一般将来时，条件句要用一般现在时。原因状语从句1.引导词 as, because, since, now that, considering that , seeing that等。2.because引导的原因状语从句Because不能与so 连用，但可与therefore, consequently 连用。3.seeing that 引导的原因状语从句Seeing that quite a few people were a

16、bsent, we decided to put the meeting off.4.because与for的区别For是并列连词，表示因果关系时，可用because替换，不同是：because引导的从句位置可在主句之前或之后，而for分句只能后置。另外，当for用于推断或猜测（常有must be, must have done 结构）时，不能用because替换。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet now.5.在it is / was that的强调结构中It is because she is too inexperi

17、enced that she does not know how to deal with the situation.目的状语从句1.引导词 that , so that, for fear that以便，in case等，这类从句中常常用情态动词may/might, can/could,should等，以保证语气通顺自然。He wrote the name down for fear that / lest he should forget it.They do exercises every morning so that they might be healthy.目的状语从句中一般用

18、情态动词或“should+动词原形”，或省略should。The students study hard so that they they may pass the exam.2.in case, lest , for fear that引导的目的状语从句。动词可以用虚拟语气，形式为（should）+ 动词原形，也可以不用虚拟语气，用动词的一般现在时或一般过去时。You had better leave the key at home in case one of us should think of / thinks of coming back.I got up early lest I

19、 was late for school.结果状语从句1.引导词 that, so that , sothat, suchthat。I am really tired that I can not stand.2.so与such的用法1）当名词前有many, much, few, little（少）修饰时，要用so而不用suchI have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.He did so much work that he was really tired.有时为了表示强调，so位于句首，这时后面跟动词的倒装形式。So

20、 terrible was the storm that whole roofs were ripped off.3.such的位置1）与不定代词any, all, no, few, some, several等连用时，放在不定代词后。All such possibilities must be considered.Several such mistakes affect the whole composition.2）与不定冠词连用放在不定冠词前。常用结果状语从句句型：so + 形容词/副词+that 从句。They were so absorbed that we didnt distu

21、rb them.so + 形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+that 从句。It was so beautiful a night that I wanted to walk.such a/an + 形容词+单数可数名词+that 从句。It is such a good chance that we must not miss it.such+形容词+复数可数名词/不可数名词+that从句。There are much lovely birds here that many children come to see them.They are such little children that

22、 they dont kown that.He had so little education that he didnt know that.在词组such little children中，little表示“小”，修饰名词children，不是表示“少”，所以用such;而词组so little education中，little表示“少”，so修饰形容词little。让步状语从句1.引导词 although, though,however,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,whenever,wherever,whether,no matter（who

23、, what,where,when ,etc.） even if, even though。We wont be discouraged even if / even though we fail ten times.No matter what you do, dont touch this switch.However rich people are, they always seem anxious to make more money.2.as 引导的让步状语从句连词as也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句中要用特殊语序。Young as he is, he knows a lot.= Th

24、ough he is young，he knows a lot.= Young though he is, he knows a lot.though也有同as一样的用法，可以替代as，但although没有这种用法。表语为名词时，前面通常不用冠词。Child as he was, he knew that what was the right thing to do.表语为形容词修饰的名词时，要用冠词。A young child as he is, he knows how to please others.3.even if , even though引导的让步状语从句even if, e

25、ven though即使，表示让步，语气最强。We will make a trip even though/even if the weather is bad.4.though 和although引导的让步状语从句Though和although不能与but连用，但可与still和yet连用。Though it is hard work, I still enjoy it.Although it was very cold, yet he went out without a cap.5.whether or引导的让步状语从句Whether he drives or takes the bu

26、s,he will be here on time.6.despite和in spite of 的用法Despite / In spite of the bad weather, they had a wonderful holiday.In spite of having no qualifications he got the job.=He got the job in spite of having no qualifications.Despite the severe weather conditions all the cars completed the course.7.no

27、 matter+疑问句或疑问句+后缀ever用法no matter what=whatever no matter who=whoever no matter when=wheneverno matter where=wherever no matter which=whichever no matter how=howeverHowever/No matter how expensive it may be, I will take it.no matter 不能引导名词性从句Dont let them in , whoever/no matter who they are.Whatever

28、 you do, dont tell him that I told you this.Whatever you say is of no importance now.Prisoners have to eat whatever they are given.方式状语从句1.引导词 as 按照，与一样, as if仿佛, as though.仿佛I must do as my parents tell me to.2.as if / as though由.as if / as though引导的方式状语从句可用虚拟语气 She stood there as if / as though she were waiting for someone.比较状语从句1.引导词 asas, not so/as as,than, the more the more,morethan, the mostin/of等。He got up earlier than I did.2.同等状况的比较 He studies as hard as you. He does