初中英语构词法大全Word文档下载推荐.docx

1、The old in our village are living a happy life.我们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。5. 形容词转化为副词How long have you lived there?你在那儿住多久了?6. 个别词在一定场合中可转化为名词Warm clothes are a must in the mountains.穿暖和的衣服到山区去是必须的。Life is full of ups and downs.人生有得意时也有失意时。His argument contains too many ifs and buts.他的辩论中含有太多的“如果”和“但是”。2.合成法由两个

2、或两个以上的单词连在一起合成一个新词，这种构词法叫做合成法，合成的词叫做合成词。合成词一般看其词，知其意。1. 合成名词名词/代词+名词newspaper blood-test she-wolf动词+名词typewriter pickpocket daybreak形容词+名词greenhouse highway副词+名词overcoat outside名词+v.-ing/v.-ing +名词handwriting reading-room freezing-point动词+副词/ 副词+ 动词breakthrough get-together outbreak oute名词+介词+名词sist

3、er-in-law editor-in-chief2. 合成形容词名词+形容词/形容词+名词world-famous duty-free large-scale long- term副词+形容词over-anxious evergreen名词+过去分词man-made sun-burnt名词+现在分词peace-loving English-speaking形容词+现在分词good-looking easy-going副词+过去分词well-informed widespread副词+现在分词hardworking far-reaching形容词+名词+edwarm-hearted absen

4、t-minded数词+名词+edthree-legged ten-storied数词+名词one-way fivestar数词+名词+形容词ten-year-old 800-meter-long名词+to+名词face to-face door - to -door3. 合成动词名词+动词baby-sit sleepwalk副词+动词outnumber underestimate overwork形容词+动词whitewash4. 合成副词meanwhile anyway形容词+副词everywhere anyhow副词+副词however介词+名词beforehand overhead介词+

5、副词forever5. 合成代词代词宾格+self/selvesherself themselves物主代词+self/selvesmyself yourselvesanything nothing6. 合成介词inside outsidewithout within副词+介词into3.派生法由一个词加上前缀或后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫做派生法。1. 前缀除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意义，但不改变单词的词性。（1）表示否定意义的前缀un- unhappy unfinished undressdis- disagree disbelievein- il-（在字母l前），

6、im- （在字母m,b,p前），ir- （在字母r前） inaccurate illegal impolite imbalance irregularmis- misbehave mislead mistakenon- nonstop nonsmoker（2）表示其他意义的前缀en- “使”enrich enlarge encourageinter- “相互”international intercontinentalre- “再，又，重”rethink retell recycletele- “远程的”telescope telephone telegraphauto- “自动的”autom

7、atic automobileco- “共同”coworker cooperate coexistanti- “反对，抵抗”antiwar antifreeze antinuclearmulti- “多”multistory multicultural multicolorbi- “双，二”bicycle bilingual bilateralmicro- “极小的，微小的”microwave microputerover- “太多，过分”overwork overdo overestimateself- “自己，本身”self-centered self-confident self-con

8、trolunder- “在下面，下的，不足的”underline, underground, underestimate, underrate2. 后缀（1）形容词后缀-able “可的，具有的”acceptable drinkable knowledgeable reasonable-al “与有关的”physical, magical, political-an “属于某地方的人”American African-ern “方向”southern, northern, eastern-ful/ less “（没）有的”helpful, useful, homeless, hopeless-

9、ish “如的;有特征的”foolish childish selfish-ive “有倾向的”active attractive expensive-en “由制成的”golden wooden woolen-ous “有（性质）的”famous, dangerous, poisonous-ly “有性质的”friendly yearly daily-y “构成形容词”noisy dusty cloudy（2）名词后缀-er / or “表人或用具”farmer, baker, visitor, professor, cooker, container-ese “某国（人）的”Chinese

10、, Japanese-ian “某国、某地人;精通的人”musician, Asian, Russian, technician-ist “某种主义或职业者”physicist, scientist, munist，socialist-ess “表女性，雌性”hostess, actress, princess-ment “行为或其状态”government, movement, achievement-ness “性质，状态”illness, sadness, carelessness-tion “动作，过程，结果”invention, organization, translation-a

11、nce/ ence “抽象;行为、性质、状态”importance, appearance, absence, existence-th “性质、情况”depth, warmth, truth-ful “（满的）量”handful, spoonful, mouthful-（a）bility “抽象、性质、状态”possibility, disability, reliability-al “过程、状态”survival, arrival, approval-y “性质、情况”modesty, delivery, honesty-dom “处于状态;性质”freedom, boredom-age

12、 “状态，行为，身份及其结果”courage, storage, marriage（3）动词后缀-fy / ify “使得;变得”simplify, beautify, purify-en “使成为;shorten, deepen, sadden-ize “使成为”apologize, realize, specialize（4）副词后缀-ly “方式，程度”freely, truly, angrily-ward（s） “向”towards, forward, upwards（5）数词后缀-teen “十几” fourteen, eighteen, thirteen-ty “整十位数” forty, fifty, sixty-th “序数词” twelfth, twentieth