呼吸内科常用英语全Word格式.docx

1、 端坐呼吸Paroxysmal,p?r?ksizm?l nocturnaln?t?n?l dyspnea 夜间阵发性呼吸困难Shortness of breath （SOB）Chest tightness 胸部紧迫感Exercise intolerancepleuritic chest pain 胸膜型胸痛Pharyngalgiaf?ring?ld?i? ; pharyngodynia,f?ri?dini? 咽痛Hemoptysis 咯血Bucking 呛咳Sneeze喷嚏snore 打鼾malaise m?leiz不舒服myalgiamai 肌痛insomnia ins?mni? 失眠hoa

2、rseness声嘶dysphonia disf?uni?发声困难常见的体征 physical signsclubbed fingers杵状指 : increased longitudinal ,l?nd?itju:din?l and transverse横向 curvature v?弯曲 ,loss of concave nkeiv凹面的 nail fold angle, bogginess of nail bed and increased soft tissue bulk of distal phalanx l?ks, fei-趾骨,指骨, drumstick- likenicotine

3、stainingcyanosis ,sai?usis发绀:blue discolouration of mucosal membranes and skin ,caused when mean capillary concentration of deoxyhemoglobin di:,?ksihem?u,l?ubin去氧血红蛋白 more than 5g/dl, O2 saturation less than 85%,PaO2 less than 8KPaperipheral p?rif?l外围的,次要的 cyanosis: cold blue peripheries, e.g. nail

4、beds due to cold exposurescentral cyanosis: warm peripheries, blue tongue or lipshand flap: due to CO2 retention潴留asterixis 扑翼样震颤papilloedema 视乳头水肿chemosis球结膜水肿enlarged supraclavicula锁骨上的r kl?vikjul? and axillary ?sil?ri腋窝 lymph nodesincreased respiratory ratetachycardia 心动过速pulsus paradoxus: 10 mmH

5、g on inspiration （seen in severe asthma）barrel chesthyperexpanded, decreased expansionkyphosis kaiusis 驼背，脊柱后凸Inspection:tachypnea ,t?kipni: 呼吸急促accessory muscles of respiration,resp?rei?n: sternocleidomastoidst?u,klaid?m?id 胸锁乳突肌muscle, arm support, alae flaringwide or narrow intercostal,int?l 肋间的

6、spacetactile触觉的 vocal声音的 fremitus震颤 触觉语颤subcutaneous crepitus 皮下捻发感Percussion:resonance清音dullness浊音flatness实音hyperresonance过清音tympany/timp2ni/鼓音lower borders: scapularsk?pjul?肩胛的 line X left/right intercostal,int?range of mobilitym?bil?ti移动Auscultation,?ltei?听诊vocal resonance 语音共振ronchi: wheeze , st

7、ridorstraid? 喘鸣 , crackleskr?kl发出细碎的爆裂声, Velcro-like soundesmoist rales : coarse粗的, medium中等的, fine好的, crepitus捻发音pleural friction rubscomplete absence of breath soundsankle edemaweight loss，cachexiak?keksi?恶病质，cachectick?kektik恶病质的decreased food appetite, loss of appetite, anorexia,?reksi?食欲减退常做的检查

8、 examinations or laboratory findings（to take ,undergo, perform ,receive or have）temperature charts 体温图 （take ones body temperature）sputum pot 痰盂Blood/urine/stool routine, occultlt/ blood test潜隐血试验Blood biochemistrySputum /blood culture and drug sensitivity testsputum cytologysaid?i细胞学Pulse oximeter?

9、simit? 脉氧计：continuous monitoring of blood oxygen saturationArterial blood gas analysis（ABG）: arterial blood sampling , radial/ femoralfem?l股骨的 artery puncture穿刺PaCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood hypercarbiaPaO2: partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood hypoxemia,haip?si:

10、mi?血氧不足respiratory failure:type 1: decreased O2 supply, PaO260 mmHg（millimeters of mercurykjuri汞）due to diffusion failure or V/Q dismatch （ventilation-perfusion（quotient）ratio）pulmonary edema, pneumonia, infarction, fibrosis,or pulmonary embolism，pulmonary hypertension, shunttype 2: decreased CO2 re

11、moval, PaCO250 mmHg（millimeters of mercury）due to alveolar ventilation failureobstructive: COPD, asthma, bronchiectasisrestrictive: neuromuscular,nju?skjul?神经肌肉 （sedativestiv镇静剂 myasthenia,mai?si:ni?肌无力）, structuralstr?kt?l结构的 （ankylosing spondylitis,?kiuzi?,sp?ndilaitis强直性脊柱炎）, pleural diseases ,ob

12、esityChest X-ray/radiograph:reticulo-nodular shadowing （reticularritikjul?网状的, linearlini?线状的, military nodules粟粒样结节）coin lesions 硬币样cavities空腔：amphoricmf?rik 空翁音的（breathing like blowing over a bottle top）opacification?u,p?sifikei?n浑浊：consolidation （air space infiltrate）:confluentnflu?nt支流的,汇合的 shad

13、owing and air bronchogramf支气管造影collapse: lobar（upper, middle/lingual, lower）segmental atelactasis肺不张pleural effusionmediastinal,mi:di?tain?l纵隔 mass: thyroid ,thymomaaium?胸腺瘤, teratoma,ter?畸胎瘤, TB lymph nodes,terrible diagnoses including lymphomalim淋巴瘤 and aneurysm动脉瘤Chest CT scan（ computed tomograph

14、y）Head MRI（magnetic resonance imaging）PET-CT of the whole body（positron-emission tomography） p?zitr?n正电子Abdominal ultrasoundltr?saund超声skin prick test 皮肤点刺试验（dust mites尘螨，pollen花粉，cockroach蟑螂）tuberculin skin test （purified protein derivativediriv?tiv 纯蛋白衍生物（of tuberculin） test, PPD test）Pulmonary fu

15、nction test : Spirometry spaimitri呼吸量测定法，肺量测定法obstructive lung diseases: airflow limitationFEV1/FVC FVC RV and TLC KCO0.75 extraparenchymal variable normalFEV1: forced expiratoryikspai?ri/ volume in 1 secondFVC: force vital capacityTLC: total lung capacityRV: residual volumeKCO: transfer factor （ di

16、ffusion rate）PEFR: peak expiratory flow rateflow-volume loop （ inspiration and expiration,ekspin）bronchoprovocation/challenge test,pr?n 支气管激发试验：histaminehist?mmin 组胺or methacholine乙酰甲胆碱-inhalation,inh?lei?nbronchodilatation,dail?n支气管舒张试验: salbutamol沙丁胺醇s?bju:（:）lfiberoptic bronchoscopybr?pi: biopsyb

17、ai,?psi活组织检查 bronchial brush samples for pathological examation, bronchial washings）bronchoalveolar lavage （BAL）protected specimen brush （PStransthoracic,tr?ns?sik,经胸廓的 percutaneous needle aspiration,?sp?n吸引术percutanous needle biopsy under CT guidance （ for peripheral tumours）video-assisted thoracos

18、copic-guided?up 胸腔镜 lung biopsyopen lung biopsypleural biopsybiopsy of enlarged lymph nodesD-Dimerselectrocardiogram （ECG）心电图echocardiogram超声心动图V/Q isotopeais?ut?up 同位素 scan （ ventilation/perfusion scanning）spiral螺旋 CT/MRA （Magnetic Resonance Angiography,?fi血管造影术）pulmonary angiographyDopplerpl? 多普勒

19、USS thighai大腿 and pelvispelvis 骨盆 （USS: ultrasound scanning）cardiac monitorPSG（ polysommography）常见的病名 diseasesacute upper respiratory tract infection 急性上呼吸道感染common cold 普通感冒influenza 流感,influenz?pharynigitis 咽炎pharyngalgiaf?acute broncho-bronchitis 急性气管-支气管炎pneumonia 肺炎community acquired pneumonia

20、（CAP） 社区获得性肺炎hospital acquired pneumonia （HAP） 医院获得性肺炎nosocomical pneumonia （NP） 医院内肺炎bronchiectasis 支气管扩张chornic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （acute exacerbating） AECOPD COPD急性发作bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘allergic rhinitisrainaitis过敏性鼻炎respiratory failure

21、 呼吸衰竭lung abscess 肺脓肿pulmonary tuberculosis 肺结核病lung cancer: 肺癌primary bronchogenic carcinoma 原发性支气管肺癌squamousskweim?s cell carcinoma 鳞癌adenocarcinoma 腺癌u,k:sibronchoalveolar cell carcinoma 支气管肺泡细胞癌small cell lung carcinoma （SCLC）小细胞肺癌pulmonary metastasis 肺转移瘤m?sispulmonary embolism （PE） 肺栓塞pulmonar

22、y thromboembolism （PTE） 肺血栓栓塞症,r?mb?emb?liz?mpulmonary infarction 肺梗死deep venous thrombosis ,DVT 深静脉血栓形成empyema 脓胸,empaii:pneumothorax气胸pyopneumothorax 脓气胸u,nju:kschronic suppurative disease 慢性化脓性疾病tiv, -reitivcongenital cyanotic disease 先天性紫绀性心脏病,sai?tikcor pulmonale 肺源性心脏病,pum?lipulmonary hyperten

23、sion 肺动脉高压pulmonary encephalopathy 肺性脑病en,sef?iright heart failure; right-sided heart failure 右心衰竭pulmonary vascular diseases 肺血管疾病interstitial lung disease, ILD 弥漫性间质性肺疾病idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化,idi?ikcryptogenic,kript?enik 隐源性的 fibrosing alveolitis, CFA 隐源性纤维化性肺泡炎connective tissue related lung diseases 结缔组织相关性肺疾病systemic lupuslju:s狼疮 erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮rheumatoid arthritis, RA 类风湿性关节炎system