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语法主谓一致Word文件下载.docx

1、1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. 注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多

2、数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.2. 由连接词and或both and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Bo

3、th she and he are Young Pioneers.注意:(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。The writer and artist has come. (2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.3. 主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, tog

4、ether with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall. 4. either, ne

5、ither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.(1)在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. (2)若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。None of us ha

6、s (have) been to America. 5. 在定语从句时,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. 6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。Class Fou

7、r is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。The police are looking for the lost child. 7. 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。There are a lot of people in the

8、 classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.a number of“许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of“的数量”,主语是number,谓语用单数。8. 在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。There comes the bus. / On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts. 二、逻辑意义一致原则 逻辑

9、意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数,但意义为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。 1. what, who, which, any, more, all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体,Thirty minutes is enough for th

10、e work. 3. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book. 4. 表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数形式(也可用复数。 如:One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.5. 算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eig

11、ht is seven. 6. 一些学科名词是以 ics 结尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isnt easy to study. 7. trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a (the) pair of等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。My glasses are

12、broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his. 8. “定冠词the + 形容词或分词”,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。 三、就近一致原则 在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。 1. 当两个主语由either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right? 2. there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the room.Here引导的句子用法同上。

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