人教版英语八年级下Unit10单词知识梳理词汇句式精讲Word文件下载.docx

1、bedroom bedru:m n. 卧室no longer 不再，不复own un adj. 属于自己的railway relwe n. 铁路，铁道part p:t n. 部分，零部件part with 放弃，交出certain s:tn adj. 某一，确定的，无疑的as for 至于，关于honest nst adj. 诚实的，正直的to be honest 说实在的while wail conj. 当.时候，一段时间，一会儿truthful tru:fl adj. 诚实的，真实的hometown hmtan n. 家乡，故乡nowadays nadez adv. 现今，现在，目前sea

2、rch s:t v. 搜索，搜查among m prep. 在其中之一crayon kren n. 彩色铅笔shame em n. 羞耻regard r:d n. & v. 致敬，问候;将视为count kaunt n. & v. 计算，计数;有价值century sentr n. 世纪，百年according k:d adv. 依照，按照opposite pzit在对面，与相对;对面的especially speli adv. 特别，尤其childhood taldhd n. 孩童时期consider knsid v. 仔细考虑，思考，注视，close to 几乎，接近hold huld v

3、. 拥有，抓住Unit10 知识梳理【重点短语】1. these days 目前，现在2.regard with great interest 以极大的兴趣关注着3. in order to 为了4.so far 迄今，到目前为止5. in need 需要6. not.any more 不再.7. welcome to sp 欢迎来到.8.check out 察看，观察9. board games 棋类游戏10. one last thing 最后一样东西11. junior high school 初级中学12.clear out 清理13. no longer 不再14.toy monke

4、y 玩具猴15. part with 与.分开16. to be honest 说实在的17. ride a bike 骑自行车18. have a yard sale 进行庭院拍卖会19. ones old things 某人的旧东西20. bring back sweet memories 勾起甜美的回忆21. give away 捐赠22. play for a while 玩一会23. do with 处理，处置24. search for work 找工作25.for the last 13 years 在过去的13年里26. the mid-20th century 20世纪中期2

5、7. stay the same 保持原状28. according to 依照，按照29. in ones opinion 依.看30. in my time 在我那个年代【重点句型】1. Have long have you had that bike over there?那边的那辆自行车你买了多久了？2. Amy has had her favorite book for three years .艾米拥有她最喜欢的书3年了。3. He has owned it since his fourth birthday.自他四岁生日起，他拥有这个东西了。4. Some people stil

6、l live in their hometown. However, others may only see it once or twice a year.有些人依然住在家乡，然而，另一些人可能一年只能回家乡一两次。5. As for me ,I did not want to give up my football shirts,but to be honest, I have not played for a while now.至于我，我不想放弃我的足球衣，但是，说实在的，我现在已经有一段时间没有踢球了。6. Have you ever thought about having a y

7、ard sale to sell your things?你是否曾经想过要举办一个庭院拍卖会来出售东西？7. What would you do with the memory you raise?你会怎样处理你所筹集到得钱？【话题写作】某英文报举办“家乡的变化”主题征文活动。请你根据以下提示，“The changes in my hometown”为题，用英语写一篇80词左右的短文。过去：生活贫困，房屋破旧。污染严重，垃圾遍地。交通不便，游客很少。现在：住房宽敞明亮，许多人有了自己的汽车。山更绿了，水更清了，天更蓝了。每年有成千上万来自世界各地的游客。将来：请你展望家乡的未来。【优秀满分范文

8、】The Changes In My HometownIn the past, my hometown was very small, and people lived a poor life. The houses were old and small. Pollution was very serious, and there was rubbish everywhere. The traffic was not convenient, so few visitors came here.Now great changes have taken place in my hometown.

9、The environment has become more beautiful. The mountains have turned greener, the rivers are clearer and the sky are bluer. There are trees, flowers and grass everywhere. People live a better life. Their houses are large and bright. Many people have their own cars. Every year , thousands of people f

10、rom all over the world come to our city.Im sure it will get richer and more beautiful in the future. I love my hometown.Unit10 词汇讲解1. for/since（1） for与表示一段时间的词连用，表示“做某事多长时间了”，常用于现在完成时，表示从过去某时开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。for所在句子中的动词是延续性动词。例如：Ive lived inChinafor two years. 我住在中国两年了。Ive known him for more than twen

11、ty years. 我认识他20多年了。（2） since作连词，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句常用完成时。I have studied English since I came here. 自从我来这里就学习英语。I have known her since I was five years old. 自从我五岁就认识她。since还可以作介词，连接一个过去的时间点或一段时间+ago。She has been ill since last weekend.她自从上周末就病了。She has been in Wuhan since four years ago.自从四年前她就在武汉。

12、2. makermaker是名词，意为“生产者；制造者”，是由“动词make + 后缀-r”构成的。英语中，表示职业或身份的名词小结：（1） 以-ist结尾的有：pianist钢琴家 chemist化学家 violinist小提琴家physicist物理学家 scientist科学家（2） 以-er，-r或-or结尾的有：teacher教师 painter画家writer作家 singer歌唱家visitor参观者 actor演员engineer工程师 inventor发明家professor教授 reporter记者（3） 以-man结尾的有：postman邮递员 policeman警察bu

13、sinessman商人 spaceman宇航员fisherman渔夫 dustman清洁工（4） 以-ian结尾的有：musician音乐家 politician政治家3. certaincertain作形容词，意为“某种；某事；某人”。He decided to sell his certain books.他决定卖掉他的某些书籍。【拓展】certain作形容词，意为“确定的；无疑的”，相当于sure，对应的副词为certainly。certain常用于以下结构中：be certain / sure of sth. 对某事有把握be certain / sure to do sth. 肯定做

14、某事be certain / sure + that从句 确信 例如：They are certain / sure of success. 他们有把握成功。Im certain / sure that he will come. 我确信他会成功的。4. a 46-year-old husband and father46-year-old是复合形容词，这种形容词有两个特点：一是词与词之间要用连字符连接；二是数词之后的名词用单数形式。a three-meter-long line一条三米长的绳子【拓展】岁数的表达方式小结：（1） 基数词 + years old。He is 8 years ol

15、d. 他八岁了。（2） 基础词-year-old。Lucy is an eighteen-year-old girl. Lucy是一位18岁的女孩。（3） 名词 + of + 基础词。Tom is a boy of 18. Tom是一位18岁的男孩。（4） at the age of + 基数词。She is at the age of 18. 她18岁了。5. shameshame是不可数名词，意为“羞耻；羞愧；惭愧”。可与不定冠词a连用，表示“可耻的人或事；可惜（遗憾）的事”。He felt no shame for what he had done.他对自己所做过的事不感到羞愧。Its

16、a shame that you cant stay for dinner.你不能留下吃晚饭，真遗憾。【拓展】shame常见的短语有：feel shame at因而感到羞愧in shame羞愧地have no shame无羞耻心with shame羞愧地to ones shame令某人感到羞愧的是bring shame on使丢脸6. regardregard作及物动词，意为“注视；注意；认作”。常用短语regardas意为“将视为；把当作”，as为介词，其后可接名词或代词。I regard you as my best friend. 我把你当作我最好的朋友。We regard him as

17、 our brother. 我们把他当成兄弟看待。7. opposite（1） opposite作介词，意为“在对面”，相当于across from，常与名词一起构成介词短语，表方位。They live opposite the bank. 他们住在银行对面。（2） opposite作形容词，意为“另一边的；对面的；相反的”。We live on the opposite side of the road. 我们住在马路对面。（3） opposite作副词，意为“在对面”。Theres an old man living opposite. 有一个老人住在对面。（4） opposite作名词，

18、意为“相反的人或物；对立面”，常与介词of一起使用。“Tall” is the opposite of “short”. “高”是“矮”的反义词。8. considerconsider作动词，意为“考虑、认为”，它的后面跟名词、动名词或者从句作宾语。Please consider my suggestion.请考虑我的建议。Why dont you consider visiting Qing Dao？你为什么不考虑去青岛参观？I consider that he is a selfish man.我认为他是一个自私的人。【拓展】后接动名词作宾语的动词及短语可参考以下归纳：完成，实践，值得，忙

19、（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）；考虑，建议，不禁，想（consider, suggest, cant help, feel like）；错过，习惯，（别）放弃（miss, be used to, give up）；继续，喜欢，（要）介意（keep on, enjoy, mind）。练一练：I. 英汉互译。1. 多久_2. not any more _3. grow up_4. 起初_5. as for _6. give up_7. 至少_8. 一年一两次_9. according to _10. in order to_II. 根据句意及汉语提示写出

20、所缺单词。1. All my life I have tried to be an _（诚实的） man.2. He tied a _（围巾） around his neck.3. Please _（检查） your answer again.4. Its very comfortable to step on the _（柔软的） ground in the spring.5. During the 1830s, countries all over the world started to build _（铁路）.6. He is the tallest one _（在当中） the bo

21、ys.7. In judging him you should _（仔细考虑） his youth.8. I have many pleasant _（回忆） of our friendship.9. My little son can _（数数） from one to ten.10. Miss Li _（搜寻） on the Internet for the information she needed.III. 用since或for填空。1. Jill has been inIreland_ Monday.2. Jill has been inIreland_ three days.3.

22、 My aunt has lived inAustralia_ 15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there _ 7 oclock.5.Indiahas been an independent country _ 1947.6. The bus is late. Weve been waiting _ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty _ many years.8. Mike has been ill _ a long time.

23、He has been in hospital _ October.参考答案：1. how long 2. 不再 3. 长大 4. at first5. 至于 6. 放弃 7. at least8. once or twice a year 9. 根据；按照 10. 为了II. 根据句意及首字母和汉语提示写出所缺单词。1. honest 2. scarf 3. check 4. soft5. railway 6. among 7. consider8. memories 9. count 10. searchedIII. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. since 2. for 3. f

24、or 4. since 5. since6. for 7. for 8. for; sinceUnit10 重点句型解析1. How long have you had that bike over there?how long意为“多长时间”，询问某一动作或状态持续了多久，故句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的连系动词。How long do you watch TV? 你看电视多长时间了？How long can I keep the book? 这本书我可以借多久？【拓展】how long; how often; how soon的辨析：2. Because I dont read

25、 it any more.notany more意为“不再”。not常位于be动词、情态动词或助动词之后，any more常位于句末，相当于no more。no more常位于句中，放在be动词之后，实义动词之前，两者经常可以互换。He doesnt live here any more. = He no more lives here.他不再住在这里了。表示“不再”的词还有notany longer或no longer。二者的区别在于：（1） notany more = no more，表示数量或程度上的“不再”增加，通常修饰终止性动词。The baby isnt crying any mo

26、re. = The baby is no more crying.这个婴儿不再哭了。（2） no longer = notany longer表示时间或距离上的“不再”延长，通常修饰延续性的动词。I cant stand it any longer. 我对此再也不能忍受下去了。3. Amy thinks its hard to sell her old things.It is/was + adj. + to do sth. 意为“做某事是的”，to do sth.为句子的真正的主语，而it为形式主语，形式主语不能用别的词来代替，句中可在形容词后加for sb.，意为“对于某人来说，做某事是的

27、”。Its important for us to learn a foreign language.对我们来说，学习一门外语是相当重要的。Its necessary for us to eat more fruit and vegetables.对我们来说，多吃蔬菜和水果是必要的。这个句型中的for sb.有时也可以用of sb. 二者意义有区别：（1） 在Its + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 中，for sb.意为“对某人来说”，句中的形容词是用来说明to do sth.的，形式主语只能用it。Its necessary for the students to do some housework.对于学生们来说，做些家务是十分必要的。（2） 在Its + adj. + of sb. to do sth. 中of sb. 意为“某人”，句中形容词可与逻辑主语sb. 构成系表结构，即形容词是用来说明或形容sb.（某人）的。Its very kind of you to help us.你能帮助我们真是太好了。4. Jim has been inJapanfor three days.（1） been是be动词的过去分词形式。（2） have been in 是be in的