考研英语一真题原文及答案解析.docx

1、考研英语一真题原文及答案解析 2019年考研英语（一）真题及答案解析 Section Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word（s）for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. （10 points） Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on ou

2、r smart phones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 cant find north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow t

3、he land When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and f

4、ollow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people. If youve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sightsyou may be 11 how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings. Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 , even in de

5、nse forest, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and to find a way out. At 16 the woods. Head toward these other paths people carve 15 night, scan the horizon for 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution. 18

6、, assuming youre lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization. 1. ASome BMost CFew DAll 【答案】C 【解析】首句为主题句：今天，我们生活在一个GPS系统，数字地图和其他导航应用程序都在我们的智能手机上唾手可得的世界。空格所在句指出：我们中_在没有电话，个人GPS或其他导航工具的情况下直接

7、走进树林。本句有without与few构成双重否定表肯定，根据语义应该填入few（几乎没有人），符合文意。 2. Aput Btake Crun Dcome 【答案】C 【解析】run on battery表示手机用电池发动，运行。其他选项：Put on （穿上；使运转）；take on （承担；呈现）；come on （快点；开始），语义不通顺。故正确答案为C run。 3. ASince B If CThough DUntil 【答案】B 【解析】空格所在句译文：_你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，_找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航_文明。此处为假设的情况，故填入if（如果）符合上

8、下文的表达。其余选项：Since （因为；自从）， though （虽然）， until （直到）带入后，语义不通顺。故正确答案为B If。 D literally C gradually B relatively 4. Aformally 【答案】D 【解析】空格所在句译文：_你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，_找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航_文明。此处literally表示确实地，真正地，带入原文语义通顺：你的确找不到北方。其余选项：Formally （正式地），relatively（相对地），gradually（逐渐地）带入后，语义不通顺。故正确答案为D literally.

9、5. A back B next C around D away 【答案】A 【解析】空格所在句译文：_你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路，_找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你导航_文明。前文讲lost（迷路），此处填入back（回到）文明之地相互呼应，故正确答案为A back。 6. Aonto Boff Cacross Dalone 【答案】B 【解析】空格所在句的句意为：当你_路径，但不是完全_的区域，你需要回答两个问题：在这个特殊区域，哪儿条路是下坡？哪儿里有最近的水源？通过后半句的问题，能够了解到前面是当你偏离轨道，迷失踪迹的时候。B选项off （远离，离开）符合语义要求；A选项on

10、to（在之上），C选项across（穿过，横穿），D选项alone（独自地，单独地）带入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。故正确答案为B选项off。 7. Aunattractive B uncrowded Cunchanged Dunfamiliar 【答案】D 【解析】空格所在句的前一句说迷失踪迹，偏离轨道。空格所在的后半句but开头，所填入的形容词词需要和前面构成转折的逻辑关系，虽然偏离轨道，但也不是完全不熟悉的路。（不吸引人unattractive选项A（不熟悉的，不常见的）符合要求；unfamiliar选项D只有的），B选uncrowded（不拥挤的，宽敞的），C选项unchanged（未

11、改变的，无变化的）带入后，语义不通顺。故正确答案为Dunfamiliar。 8. Asite Bpoint Cway Dplace 【答案】C 【解析】空格所在句的句意：你需要回答两个问题：在这个特殊区域，哪儿个_是下坡？哪儿里有最近的水源？空格处所需的名词需要符合上下文语境。C选项way（道路）符合语义要求；A选项site（地点，位置，场所），B选项point（要点），D选项place（地方，地点）带入空格后，语义不通顺，均排除。故正确答案为C选项way。 9. ASo BYet CInstead DBesides 【答案】A 【解析】空格所在句的前一句指出：生活在山谷中的人，基本都靠淡水为

12、生。后面也就是空格所在句：_如果你下山，沿着水走，你会发现人类的迹象很明显空格处所填入的连词和前面构成因果的逻辑关系，只有A选项So（所以，因此）符合要求；B选项Yet（但是，然而），C选Instead（代替，反而），D选项Besides（此外，而且）带入后，语义不通顺。故正确答案为ASo。 10. Aimmediately B intentionally Cunexpectedly D eventually 【答案】D 【解析】空格所在句的句意：所以如果你下山，沿着你找到的水一直走，你_会看到人类的迹象，空格处所需的副词需要符合本句语境并是句子语义通顺。D选项eventually （最后，终

13、于）符合语义要求；A选项immediately（立即，立刻），B选项intentionally（故意地，有意地），C选项unexpectedly（意外地，出乎意料地）带入空格后，语义不通 。eventually选项D顺，均排除。故正确答案为 11. Asurprised Bannoyed Cfrightened Dconfused 【答案】A 【解析】空格所在句提到：If youve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sightsyou may be surprised how quickly spotting a d

14、istinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings（如果你之前去过这个地方，一定要注意熟悉的景象，你或许会_快速识别出一块特征明显的岩石或树木能帮助你恢复记忆）。此句明显体现了积极褒义的感情色彩，根据这个线索，可直接确定A选项surprised为正确答案，即：你或许会感到惊讶 12. A problem Boption Cview Dresult 【答案】B 【解析】本文第一段提到：“如果你在没有电话或指南针的情况下迷路了，而且你真的找不到北方，我们有一些技巧可以帮助你回到文明社会”。空格所在处提到：另一个_: 登到高处寻找有人类住所的标志，因此

15、此处的another_应该与tricks构成总分关系，即，空格处所填的名词应与tricks语义相近。只有B选项option（选择，办法）符合要求。 13. A Above all BIn contrast C On average D For example 【答案】D 【解析】空格前提到“另一个办法就是登高来寻找有人类居住的标志”，关键词为：look for signs;空格后提到“在茂密森林里，你应该能够发现由于道路、电缆、火车轨道和人们在树林中开辟的其他道路而造成的树木之间的空隙”，关键词为：spot gaps。而look for与spot语义相近，signs为抽象名词，gaps为具体名

16、词，因此空格前后表是例证关系或总分关系，故D选项for example（例如）为正确答案。 14. Abridge Bavoid Cspot Dseparate C 【答案】 【解析】本题空格所在句是对前面句子的例证，故主题一致，因此空格处需填入的动词需和look for语义相近，故选择spot（识别，发现）。 15. A from B through Cbeyond D under 【答案】B 【解析】空格处需填入介词来和前面的动词carve及后面的名词woods构成顺畅的语义搭配。Carve_woods:在森林中开辟道路， B选项 through用法最恰当，故为正确答案。 16. A po

17、sts Blinks Cshades Dbreaks 【答案】D 【解析】本题空前有一个指示代词these，通过语义，“these 16 ” 指代上文的“roads, train tracks, and other paths”，并由定语从句“people carve through the woods”（人们在森林中开辟的）修饰。从语义上来看，breaks最合适。 17. A artificial B mysterious C hidden D limited 【答案】A 【解析】本空所处的句子“scan for 17 light sources”，与本段开头 “look for sign

18、of human habitation ”结构一致，语义相关，空格处所填形容词和human意思相近，选择artificial “人造的”。除此之外，17题后面“such as fires and streetlights,”所列举的两种光源的共同特点就是artificial。 18. A Finally B Consequently C incidentally D Generally 【答案】D 【解析】空后为条件状语从句“assuming you ”，与上文的“If you”构成顺接递进关系， 表顺接。finally选项中，只用 19. A memories B marks C notes

19、 D belongings 【答案】B 【解析】空后的定语从句“we leave on the landscape”，由语义得知此处应该填“标记”，所以选marks。 20. A restrict B adopt C lead D expose 【答案】C 【解析】所填动词需要与主语 “tire blazes, tire tracks and other fearures”（轮胎，轮胎痕迹和其他标记），宾语you，以及不定式 to civilization（文明）之间构成完整语义，所以此处填lead“引导”最合适。 Section Reading Comprehension Part A Di

20、rections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （40 points） Text 1 Financial regulations in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus o

21、f top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrongdoing. The main purpose of this “clawback” rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: m

22、ore long term decision-making not only by banks but also bu all corporations, to build a stronger economy for future generations. “Short-termism” or the desire for quick profits, has worsened in publicly traded companies, says the Bank of Englands top economist. Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of

23、classical economies, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like “Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once” rather than putting them aside to be eaten last. The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, h

24、as dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firms efforts to invest in long-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism”。 In addition, new digital tech

25、nologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities, quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markers. “There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long-term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Excha

26、nge Commission in speech this week. In the US, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism.” In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall Street Journal finds that “ a substant

27、ial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance. Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism,” such as changes in the tax code and quicker disclosure of stock acquisitions. In France, shareholders who hold onto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting r

28、ights in a company. Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholders. Britains new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the sh

29、ort term but for the long term. 21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the_. A. enhance bankers sense of responsibility B. help corporations achieve larger profits C. build a new system of financial regulation D. guarantee the bonuses of top executives 【答案】A 【解析】根据题干关键词

30、“paragraph 1”和“one motive in imposing the new rule”回文定位在第一段第三句“The main purpose of this clawback rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institutions.”，可以得出答案。 22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate_. A. the conditions for generating qu

31、ick profits B. governments impatience in decision-making C. the solid structure of publicly traded companies D. “short-termism” in economics activities 【答案】D 【解析】根据题干中的“Alfred Marshall”回文定位在第二段最后一句“Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like”，可以得出答案。 23. It is argued that the influence of