考研英语真题难句Word格式文档下载.docx

1、【参考译文】 与所记录的描述相反，没有系统的证据来说明照明的变化和效率水平有关。1.【文章难句】 It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high quality arts criticism could be found in most big city newspapers. 【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是It is difficult to the point of impossibility to

2、imagine a time。under the age of forty是the average reader的后置定语。when 引导非限定性定语从句，修饰其前的a time。【参考译文】 对于年龄在40岁以下的普通读者来说，很难甚至根本无法想象这样一个当时在大多数大城市的报纸上都能发现高质量的文艺评论的时代了。2.【文章难句】 We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the e

3、ve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared.【结构分析】本句的主干结构是We are even farther removed from。published.between.and.是newspaper reviews的后置定语。in which it appeared 是非限定性定语从句，修饰the publications。【参

4、考译文】我们距离那些20世纪初期和二战前夕在英国发表的没有重点的报纸评论甚至更远。当时新闻用纸非常便宜，时髦的文艺评论被认为是对刊登它的出版物的一种装饰。3.【文章难句】Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.【结构分析】本句的主干结构是Journalistic tastes had changed and pos

5、tmodern readers have little use。long before his death是时间状语从句。in which he specialized是非限定性定语从句，修饰prose。【参考译文】早在他去世以前，新闻业的品味就已经发生了改变，而且后现代的读者们很少阅读他所擅长的那种词藻华丽的Vicwardian散文。1.【文章难句】Curbs on business method claims would be a dramatic about face, because it was the Federal Circuit itself that introduced s

6、uch patents with is 1998 decision in the so called State Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual fund assets.【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是Curbs on business method claims would be a dramatic about face。because 引导原因状语从句，在该从句中，出现了强调句型it was.that.,其中approving a patent on a way of pooling mutua

7、l fund assets是分词作伴随状语。【参考译文】对商业方法专利申请的限制将会是一个戏剧性的改变，因为正是联邦巡回法院在1998年判决“美国道富银行”一案时推出的这一专利权，该判决同意对以合并互惠基金资产的方式授予专利。2.【文章难句】 The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it want

8、s to evaluate is whether it should “reconsider” its State Street Bank ruling.【结构分析】本句的主干结构是The Federal Circuit issued an unusual order。stating.为现在分词结构作状语，包含两个that引导的宾语从句。第一个宾语从句含rather than结构，第二个宾语从句包含省略引导词的定语从句it wants to evaluate，修饰issue，whether引导表语从句。【参考译文】 联邦巡回法院发出了一道不寻常的命令，该命令要求法院所有的12个法官共同审理此案

9、，而不是典型的3人组。同时，联邦巡回法院也希望借此评估是否应该“重新考虑”对美国道富银行的裁决。1. 【文章难句】 In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that “social epidemics” are driven in large part by the actions of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well conne

10、cted.【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是Malcolm Gladwell argues that。that 引导的是一个较长的宾语从句。在该宾语从句中，又包含一个由who引导的定语从句，修饰其前的influentials。句首的In his book The Tipping Point 作整个句子的状语。【参考译文】 马尔卡姆格莱德维尔在他的引爆点一书中指出，“社会流行风尚”在很大程度上是受一小部分的特殊个人的行为来推动的。这些人经常被称为影响者，他们通常消息灵通、有说服力、社交广泛。2. 【文章难句】 Yet it is precisely these non celebrity influ

11、entials who, according to the two step flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics, by influencing their friends and colleagues directly【结构分析】本句的主干结构是it is precisely these non celebrity influentials to drive social epidemic。according to the two step flow theory是插入语。who are supposed是influenti

12、als的定语。by引导的是方式状语。【参考译文】不过，根据“两步传播”理论，恰恰正是这些并不是名人的影响者通过直接影响他们周围的朋友和同事来推动社会流行风尚。3.【文章难句】 Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence by conducting thousands of computer simulations of populations, manipulating a number of variabl

13、es relating to people s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced.【结构分析】 本句是一个很复杂的单句，主干结构是the researchers studied the dynamics of social influence。其中Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence和manipulating a number of variables relating to people s ability to infl

14、uence others and their tendency to be influenced都是句子的伴随状语成分。relating to people s ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced是分词后置定语，修饰a number of variables。【参考译文】基于人际影响的基本事实，研究人员进行了社会影响的动态学研究，他们通过许多变量进行了数以千计的计算机模拟，这些变量与人们影响他人的能力以及他们被影响后的倾向性有关。1.【文章难句】 Charlie McCreevy, a European

15、 commissioner, warned the IASB that it did “not live in a political vacuum” but “in the real world” and that Europe could yet develop different rules.【结构分析】本句的主干结构是Charlie McCreevy warned the IASB that.and that.。句中两个that引导的是并列宾语从句。a European commissioner是主句主语的同位语。【参考译文】欧洲专员查理麦克里维警告国际会计标准委员会，它“不是生活在一

16、个政治真空”，而是“一个真实的世界”，而且欧洲可以制定出不同的规则。2. 【文章难句】 And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.【结构分析】本句的主干结构是dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks。Which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰banks，该定语从

17、句是由yet连接的并列句。【参考译文】而且，萧条的市场部分地反映了银行的瘫痪，银行因为害怕账面损失而不愿意出售资产，也不愿意购买人们认为的便宜货。3.【文章难句】 The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests.【结构分析】本句的主干结构是The FASB and IASB have been.against hostility.。cleaning up

18、.for example 是插入语，具体说明against hostility from special interests。句中的that既不是代词，也不是引导从句的关系词，而是表示一种程度。【参考译文】美国财务会计标准委员会和国际会计标准委员会恰好一直是这样的，例如，他们不顾特殊利益团体的反对，对股票期权和养老金的规则做了整顿。1.【文章难句】 All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their gigantic scale, existing i

19、nfrastructure, and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence.【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是this clearly seems to be a market。in which引导的长句子是非限定性定语从句，修饰market，在该定语从句中，介词短语in the management.marketing intelligence作proven skills的后置定语。【参考译文】 总之，这显然是一个大市场，大的零售商可以在这里利用他们庞大的规

20、模、现有的设施、以及管理产品生产线、物流和市场营销方面的专业技能来获得利润。2.【文章难句】 Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom and pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they dont eat at home.【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是De

21、mand comes mainly from two sources。which are two small to buy straight from producers是非限定性定语从句，修饰independent mom and pop grocery stores，其中unlike large retail chains是插入语。and表并列，that引导的定语从句修饰food service operators。【参考译文】 需求的来源主要有两个：独立的小型杂货店，与大型零售连锁店不同，它们太小而不能从生产商直接购买货品。另一个来源是满足人们在外就餐的食品服务经营者。1. Scient

22、ists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.【考核知识点】同位语从句及词组用法【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是Scientists jumped to the rescue.。介词短语with some distinctly shaky evidence是方式状语。to the effect that insects would eat us up是其前evidence

23、的同位语从句。if引导条件状语从句。【翻译要点】rescue在翻译时应将名词动词化，jumped to the rescue译为“急忙来补救”。 to the effect that属固定搭配，译为“大意是,含义”，这里不能按照effect的原意进行翻译。【词汇难点】 词或表达方式可接受的译法不可接受的译法jump to急忙，匆忙，赶紧跳起来shaky不可靠的，不确定的，站不住脚的摇晃的，颤抖的to the effect大意是为了效果failed to不能（做到），未能失败【参考译文】科学家们急忙介入，但提出的证据显然站不住脚，其大意是，如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量，昆虫便会吞噬我们人类。【评分

24、样文】 例1. 科学家们急忙拿一些明显不可靠的证据来补救，大意是说如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量，那么昆虫将吃光我们。（2分）例2. 科学家拿出了一些令人恐惧震惊的证据，指出如果鸟类不能控制昆虫的数量，昆虫就会吃掉我们。（1.5分）例3. 科学家手握证据跳出来说，如果鸟无法控制虫子，虫子就会吃光人类。（1分）例4. 科学家急忙拿出证据，如果不控制，人类就会把昆虫吃光。（0.5分）例5. 科学家有证据表明，如果人类不加以控制，就会把鸟类吃光了。（0分）2. but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds shou

25、ld continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.【考核知识点】名词性从句及词组用法【结构分析】 本句的主干结构是we have at least drawn nearer the point。介词短语of admitting that birds should.economic advantage to us 是point的后置定语，其中that 引导的是宾语从句，作admitting的宾语。regardless of.是让

26、步状语。【翻译要点】本句中最重要的是要把point的后置定语单独来译，这样更加清晰明了。另外，draw near意为“临近，靠近；近乎”， drawn near the point of admitting这里不能直译，要意译为“近乎承认”。【词汇难点】 词或表达方式可接受的译法不可接受的译法at least至少最多draw near 更倾向于，接近，靠近，近乎画得越来越近intrinsic right自有的权利，自身的权利，天生的权利内部的权利，右倾主义，根本不对continue继续生存下去继续the presence or absence 生存，存在出席或缺席，来或不来【参考译文】但是我们

27、至少近乎承认，无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值，它们自有生存下去的权利。【评分样题】 例1. 但是我们至少已经承认这样一种观点，即承认鸟儿应当继续生存下去，这是它们固有的权力，不管它们对我们的经济利益存在与否。例2. 但是我们至少已经划出了重点并承认, 鸟儿的生存是它们的固有权利，不管它对我们是否有经济利益。例3. 但是我们最近有的一点是, 不管鸟类对我们是否有经济利益，鸟类有继续生存的权利。例4. 但是有一点得指出，继续有鸟是对的。不管对我们是否有经济利益。例5. 但有一点，不管经济优势如何，鸟类一直是完全正确的。 （0分）2. but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of ec