词缀综合讲解及运用.docx

1、词缀综合讲解及运用构词法综合讲解及运用一.构词法常见的动词前后缀及其用法1.dis-: obey v. 遵守，顺从disobey v.违反like v.喜欢dislike v.不喜欢 appear v.出现disappear v.消失cover v.覆盖discover v.发现，揭露 advantage n. 优点disadvantage n.缺点agree v.同意，赞成disagree v.不同意obey v.遵守，服从disobey v.违抗，不顺从 2.mis-: misunderstanding n.误解；误会misunderstanding n.误解；误会lead v.指导mis

2、lead v.误导take v.拿走mistake v.误拿3.re-: write v.写rewrite v.重写use v.使用reuse v.再使用consider v.考虑reconsider v.再三思考cycle v.转圈recycle v.回收 4.en-: rich adv. 富裕的enrich v.使富裕 able adj.有能力的enable v.使能够large adj.大的enlarge v.使变大；扩大courage n.勇气encourage v.鼓励danger n.危险endanger v.使濒危 5.-fy/-ify: beautify simplifysim

3、ple adj.简单的simplify v.简化beauty n.美beautify v.美化6.-en: widen shorten lengthen strengthenstrength n.强项；长处；力量strengthen v.加强wide adj.宽广的widen v.加宽fast adv.快地fasten v.系，拴weak adj. 虚弱的weaken v.减弱length n.长度lengthen v.加长short adj.短的；矮的shorten v.缩短7.-ize/-ise: apology n.道歉，致歉apologize v.道歉advice n.建议advise

4、 v.建议modern adj.现代的modernize v.使现代化二.构词法常见的名词前后缀及其用法1.multi-: channel n.渠道，频道multichannel n.多渠道 2. tele-: phone n.手机，电话telephone n.手机，电话 vision n.视野television n.电视3. kilo-: meter n.米kilometer n.千米 gram n.克kilogram n.千克4. -al: survive v.幸存survival n.幸存arrival n.到来；到达；到达者arrive v. 到达approve v.支持，赞成app

5、roval n.支持，赞成5. -an:Canada n.加拿大Canadian n.加拿大人America n.美国American n.美国人Australia n.澳大利亚Australian n.澳大利亚人 India n.印度Indian n.印度人 6. -er: settle v.定居，安顿，解决settler n.定居者design v.设计designer n.设计师 farm n.农场farmer n.农民village n.村庄villager n.村民sing v.唱歌singer n.歌手 adventure n.奇遇；冒险adventurer n.冒险家；投机者as

6、tronomy n.天文学astronomer n.天文学家performance n. 表演perform n.表演者；演出者announce v.宣布；通告announcer n.广播员photograph v.照相photographer n.摄影师rob v.抢劫robber n.强盗，盗贼 consume v.消费 consumer n.消费者pension n.养老金pensioner n.领养老金的人interpret v.解释，说明，口译interpreter n.口译员believe v.相信believern.信徒；教徒7. -or:survive v.幸存survivor

7、 n.幸存者visit v.参观，拜访visitor n.参观者act v.表演actor n.男演员operate v.操作operator n.操作员 direct v.导演；指示；指挥director n.导演sculpture n.雕塑，雕像sculptor n.雕塑家predict v.语言，预测predictor n.预言家translate v.翻译translator n. 翻译家conduct v.指挥，直到conductor n.指挥员，列车员operate v. 操作operator n.操作员govern v. 统治governor n. 统治者profession n

8、专业professor n.教授 8. -ess: host n主人；主持人hostess n女主人；女主持人wait n.等待waitress n.女服务员act v.表演actress n.女演员9. -ese: China n.中国Chinese n.中国人Japan n.日本Japanese n.日本人10. -ist: special adj.特别的specialist n.专家；专业工作者social adj.社会的socialist n.社会主义者science n科学scientist n科学家type n.类型v.打印typist n.打字员violin n.小提琴violi

9、nist n.小提琴家piano n.钢琴pianist n.钢琴家environment n. 环境environmentalist n.环保主义者volcano n.火山volcanologist n.火山学家novel n.小说adj.新颖的novelist n.小说家 reception n. 接待，招待receptionist n.接待员11. -ian:magical adj.巫术的；魔术的；有魔力的magician n.魔术师music n.音乐musician n.音乐家Asia n.亚洲Asian n.亚洲人 12. -ism: enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心

10、的enthusiasm n热情；热心material n.物质materialism n.物质主义；唯物主义social adj.社会的socialism n.社会主义imperial adj.帝国的imperialism n.帝国主义13. -ment: disagree v.不同意disagreement n.分歧 move v.移动movement n.移动punish v.惩罚punishment n.惩罚develop v.发展development n.发展excite v.兴奋excitement n.兴奋achieve v.完成；达到achievement n.成就；功绩arg

11、ue v.讨论；辩论；争论argument n.争论；争辩；争吵entertain v.款待；娱乐entertainment n.款待；娱乐；娱乐表演amuse v. 使发笑；使愉快amusement n. 娱乐；消遣state v.声明；陈述statement n.陈述；说明announce v.宣布；通告announcement n宣告；通知settle v.定居，安顿下来，解决settlement n.解决，定居assign v.安排任务assignment n.任务disappoint v.使失望disappointment n.失望judge n.裁判，法官 v.判断，裁决 judg

12、ement n.评判 embarrass v. 使尴尬embarrassment n.尴尬，窘迫measure v. 测量measurement n. 测量，衡量commit v. 保证，承诺commitment n.承诺，投入equip v.装备equipment n.装备，设备 appoint v.任命，委任，安排appointment n.约会，任命 encourage v. 鼓励encouragement n.鼓励 assess v.评估 assessment n.评估adjust v.调整adjustment n.调整arrange v,安排arrangement n.安排requi

13、re v. 要求requirement n.要求govern v. 统治government n.政府punish v.惩罚 punishmentn.惩罚amaze v.使惊讶amazementn.惊讶；惊愕14. -ness: happy adj.开心的happiness n.开心 sad adj.悲伤的；难过的sadness n悲哀；悲伤weak adj.弱的weakness n缺点；虚弱；弱点sick adj.生病的；恶心；晕(船、机、车)sickness n疾病；恶心dark adj. 黑暗的 darkness n.黑暗 fit adj. 合适的，健康的fitness n. 健身，适合

14、 15. tion/-ation: determine v. 决定determination n.决心organize v. 组织 organization n.组织graduate v.毕业 graduation n.毕业devote v.献身；专心于devotion n忠实；奉献decorate v.装饰decoration n.装饰，装修operate v.操作operation n.手术 apply v.应用，申请application n.应用，申请 protect v保护；守护protection n保护appreciate vt.鉴赏；感激；意识到appreciation n感激

15、；感谢celebrate v. 庆祝；祝贺celebration n. 庆祝；祝贺starve v. 饿死；饿得要死starvation n. 饿死；挨饿admire v. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕admiration n.赞美combine v.联合combination n.联合cooperate v.合作cooperation n.合作intend vt. 计划；打算intention n打算；计划；意图considerate adj.考虑周到的consideration n考虑；体谅connect v.连接connection n.连接；关系observe v.观察；观测；遵守observat

16、ion n.观察；观测inspire v. 鼓舞；激发；启示inspiration n.灵感；鼓舞circulate v.循环；流传circulation n.循环；流通occupy v.占领occupation n.工作；职业；占领produce v.生产production n.生产；制造reduce v.减少；减缩reduction n. 减少educate v.教育education n. 教育collect v.收集collection n.收集物correct v.改正correction n.改正select v. 挑选selection n.挑选explain v.解释；说明e

17、xplanation n. 解释；讲解；说明react v. 作出反应；回应reaction n. 反应；反作用associate v.使联合；使发生联系association n.社团；联系；联想attract v.吸引；引起attraction n.有吸引力的事物；吸引pollute v.污染；弄脏pollution n污染instruct v.命令；指示instruction n说明construct v.建设；修建construction n建设；建筑物contribute v捐献；贡献；捐助contribution n贡献；捐款reject v. 拒绝；不接受；抛弃rejection

18、 n拒绝；厌弃attract v.吸引；引起注意attraction n吸引；有吸引力的事物collect v.收集collection n收藏品；珍藏；收集tolerate v.忍受，容忍toleration n.包容imitate v.模仿，效仿imitation n.模仿 motivate v.产生动机，激励motivation n.动机，激励concentrate v.专注于concentration n.专注，集中精力adopt v. 采用，收养adoption n. 采用，收养predict v.语言，预测 prediction n. 预测exhibit v.展览，展示exhibi

19、tion n.展览，展示 repeat v.重复repetition n.重复translate v.翻译translation n. 翻译appropriate adj. 合适的，恰当的appropriation n.合适，恰当relax v.放松relaxation n.轻松 addict v. 使沉迷，使上瘾n.吸毒成瘾的人，对入迷的人addiction n.入迷，嗜好inject v. 注射 injection n.注射erupt v. 爆发eruption n.爆发evaluate v.评价，评估evaluation n.评估，评价appreciate v.感激，欣赏apprecia

20、tion n.欣赏，感谢persuade v.说服，劝说persuasion n.说服dictate v.听写dictation n.听写 adapt v. 适应，改编adaptation n.适应，改编conduct v.指挥，直到 conduction n. 指挥congratulate v. 恭喜congratulation n.恭喜，祝贺imagine v. 想象，设想 imagination n.想象力migrate v. 迁移migration n.迁移accommodate v. 容纳 accommodation n.住宿reflect v. 反映，反射refection n.反

21、射participate v.参加participation n.参加 interpret v.解释，说明，口译interpretation n.解释，说明，演绎donate v.捐献donation n.捐献，捐赠distribute v. 分发distribution n. 分发 qualify v.取得资格，是合格qualification n.资格，学历 prepare v.准备preparation n.准备 recommend v.推荐，建议recommendation n.推荐substitute v.代替，取代n.代替物，代用品substitution n.取代contradi

22、ct v. 反驳contraction n. 矛盾，驳斥distinctadj. 不同的，清楚的 distinctionn.区分illustratev.说明；阐明illustration n.说明，阐明immigratev.移入（外国定居）immigrationn.移民；移居入境indicatev.指出；指示；表明；暗示indication n.暗示elect v. 选举election n.选举decorate v.装饰decorationn.装饰objectv. 反对objection n.反对accumulate v. 积累accumulation n.积累 expect v. 期待ex

23、pectation n.预期hesitatev.犹豫；踌躇hesitation n.犹豫interrupt v.打断讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止interruption n.打断，插话assume v.假定；设想assumption n.假定，设想divide v.划分divisionn.分割；划分；分配；分界线acceleratev.加速；促进acceleration n.加速，加快16.-ship: scholar n.学者scholarship n.奖学金hard adj.艰难的，硬的adv.困难地，坚硬地hardshipn.苦难；困苦friend n.朋友friendship n.友谊m

24、ember n.成员membership n.会员制relation n.关系relationship n.关系17. -ing: spell v.拼写 spelling n.拼写；拼法misunderstand v.误解；误会misunderstanding n.误解；误会suffer v.遭受suffering n.苦难；痛苦think v.思考，认为thinking n.想法，思维cross v.跨过，横过crossingn.横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道18. -dom:freedom n.自由free adj.自由的wise adj.聪明的wisdom n.明智king n.国王ki

25、ngdom n.王国19. -th: strong adj.强壮的strength n.强项；长处；力量wide adj.宽广的width n.宽度deep adj. 深的depth n.深度warm adj.温暖的warmth n.温暖long adj.长的length n.长度；长grow v.成长 growth n.长大four n.四fourth n.第四20.-teen: four n.四fourteen n.十四 five n.五fifteen n.十五21. -ty: active adj.积极的；活跃的activity n活动secure adj.安全的；可靠的security

26、 n安全safe adj.安全的safety n.安全curious adj.好奇的curiosity n好奇心modest adj.谦虚的；谦让的；适度的modesty n谦虚nation n. 国家；民族nationality n.国籍guilt adj.有罪的，内疚的guilty n.有罪，内疚injure v.受伤injury n.伤害，受伤brave adj.勇敢的bravery n.勇敢rob v.抢劫robbery n.抢劫，偷盗 diverse adj. 多样的diversity n.多样性 major n. 主，专业adj. 主要的majority n. 大多数popular

27、 adj. 流行的，盛行的popularityn.流行six n.六sixty n.六十22. -ward(s): back n.后部backwards adv.向后 east n.东边eastward adv.向东23. -bility；responsible adj.有责任的；负责任的responsibility n责任；职责flexible adj. 可变通的，灵活的flexibility n.灵活disabled adj.残疾的，有缺陷的disability n. 残疾，缺陷24. -sion: express v. 表达expression n. 表情，短语impress v. 使印

28、象深刻；使铭记impression n印象conclude v.结束；推断出conclusion n结论；结束permit n. 许可；允许permission n.允许possess v.拥有possession n.财产，拥有物aggressive adj.好斗的，挑衅的aggression n 侵犯，挑衅 25. -ance/-ence: perform n.)表演者；演出者performance n. 表演assist v.协助，帮助assistance n.帮助，协助 prefer v.更喜欢，宁愿preference n.偏爱，更喜欢 exist v.存在 existence n.

29、存在，生存annoy v.惹怒，生气annoyance n.恼怒三.构词法常见的形容词后缀及其用法1.-able: value n.价值valuable adj. 有价值的，珍贵的responsibility n责任；职责responsible adj.有责任的；负责任的believe v. 相信believable adj.可信任的unbelievable adj.难以置信的admire v. 赞美；钦佩；羡慕admirable adj. 令人钦佩的；极好的respect v.尊敬；尊重；敬意respectable adj.体面的，值得尊敬的move v.移动moveable adj.可移动的forget v.忘记unforgettable adj. 难忘的 bear n.熊v.忍受unbearable adj.难以忍受的suit v.