高中英语宾语从句重点语法讲解及精练.docx

1、高中英语宾语从句重点语法讲解及精练宾语从句宾语从句是英语复合句中的其中非常重要的从句之一。它是用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语，将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下：一，引导词A,由that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句，在很多动词如say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。例：I told him that he was wr

2、ong.l在think,believe, suppose, expect等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定意义，却不用否定形式，而将think 等动词变为否定形式。例：I dont think you are right. (我认为你做的不对)l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式宾语。例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)B,由连词if、 whether 引导的表示“是否”的宾语从句。Whether,if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下

3、，whether和if 可以替换。例：I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment.l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。l宾语从句中有or not时不用if引导.例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.例：Whether to

4、 go there or not hasnt been decided.C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose, what, which,和连接副词when, where, why, how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语)I dont know where he lives. (where 做地点状语)二，宾语从句的语序，宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分例：I believe t

5、hat they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for us.二，宾语从句的时态。宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，既：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，从句要用过去完成时态。例:1)She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般

6、现在时态。例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japan is an island country.Could you tell me是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。例：Could you tell me when we will visit the History Museum?一、高中宾语从句要点之时态的呼应1. 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。例如: I hear she is here today(she was here ye

7、sterday/ she will be here tomorrow.) 2. 如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如: He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。3. 如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等,从句不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。例如: Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 二、高中宾语从句要点之引导词的使用1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变

8、化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。例如: Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring. 2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句。例如: David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night. 3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who, whose, what, which)或连接副词(如when, where, why, how),引导宾语从句。例如: D

9、o you know what we can do on the island? I dont know why Jane was late for school this morning. 三、高中宾语从句要点之语序的陈述化宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如: When did he leave? I want to know. I want to know when he left. Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every d

10、ay? 四、高中宾语从句要点之否定转移当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等动词,且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如: I dont believe he is here on time, is he? I dont think Tom is the best student in his class, is he?4. Can you tell me _she is waiting for?A.why B. whose C. whom D. which 5.Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hea

11、r _ I said, Jim?Yes, mum. (2002陕西)A.what B.that C.why D.if6 I dont know _ Mr Green will come to see us.He will help us with our English.(2002杭州)A.why B.when C.how D.where7.Do you know _Miss Gao will leave?Tomorrow morning.(2000济南）A.when B.what C.who D.whereKEY:4.C 5.A 6.A 7.A技巧点拨:解以上这类题目时，可采用逆推法，即根据

12、答语来选择疑问词。如第7道题，根据答语Tomorrow morning可知对其提问应用when。高中英语语法英语宾语从句练习题I从下列A、B、C、D中选择一个正确选项填空。 1. I dont know _ he will come tomorrow. _ he comes, Ill tell youA. if; Whether B. whether; Whether C. if; That D. if; If2. I dont know _ the day after tomorrow.A. when does he come B. how will he comeC. if he come

13、s D. whether hell come3. Could you tell me _ the nearest hospital is?A. what B. how C. whether D. where4. Could you tell me _ the radio without any help?A. how did he mend B. what did he mendC. how he mended D. what he mended5. I want to know _.A. whom is she looking after B. whom she is lookingC. w

14、hom is she looking D. whom she is looking aft6. Do you know where _ now?A. he lives B. does he live C. he lived D. did he live7. Do you know what time _?A. the train leave B. does the train leave C. will the train leave D. the train leaves8. I dont know _. Can you tell me, please?A. how the two play

15、ers are old B. how old are the two playersC. the two players are how old D. how old the two players are9. The small children dont know _.A. what is their stockings in B. what is in their stockingsC. where is their stockings in D. what in their stockings10. I cant understand _.A. what does Christmas

16、mean B. what Christmas does meanC. what mean Christmas does D. what Christmas meansII. 按要求转换句型。1. Does Mr. Brown enjoy living in China? Could you tell us?（改写句子）Could you tell us _ Mr. Brown _ living in China?2. Does the girl need any help?” he asked me.（变为复合句）He asked me _ the girl _ some help3. Jim

17、 is not a student. Tom is not a student, either.（合并为一个句子）_ Jim _Tom is a student.4. When does the train leave? I want to know.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）I want to know _ the train _.5. They went home after they had finished their homework. (用notuntil改写)They _ go home _ they had finished their homework6. Did Peter

18、 come here yesterday? Li Lei wants to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)Li Lei wants to know _ Peter _ here yesterday.宾语从句专项训练参考答案：I. 15DDDCD 610ADDBDII. 1. ifwhether; enjoys 2. ifwhether; needed 3. Neither; nor 4. when; leaves1.Can you see_?A. what hes reading B. what is he readingC. what does he read D. he reads

19、 what2.Does Jack come from Japan? Do you know?(合并成一个句子)Do you know_Jack _from Japan?3._What did your son say in the letter?_He told me that he_ the Disney would the next dayA.will visit B. has visitedC. is going to visit D. would visit4.He didnt know_A.whats the matter B.what the matter isC. what wa

20、s the matter D. what the matter was5.Somebody called you just now,but I didnt know_A.who were they B. who they wereC. who was it D. who it was6.I want to know_A.what is his name B. whats his nameC. that his name is D. what his name is 7.-Could you tell me _she is looking for?-Her cousin,susan.A.that

21、 B.whose C .who D.which8.-What are you searching the Internet for?-Im trying to find out_.A.What is the difference between SARS and BIRDFLUB.How many persons have died in IraqC.How to protect our environmentD.Why is our Chinese team be able to beat Korea9.Do you know_?(谁正在唱歌)10.Do you know_?(她正在和谁谈话

22、)11.Do you know_?(昨天发生了什么事)The keys: 1 A.2 if ,comes.3D. 4 C. 5 D. 6 D. 7 C. 8 B9 who is singing 10 who she is talking with11 what happened yesterday一 选择正确的答案.( ) 1. I dont know _. A. what does he like bestB. what he like best C. what he does like bestD. what he likes best ( ) 2. Can you tell me _?A

23、. where she lives B. where does she live C. she lives where D. where she live( ) 3. He asked me _.A. what time is it B. what time it is C. what time was it D. what time it was( ) 4. Do you know _?A. how much did it costB. how much it did cost C. how much it costD. how much does it cost( ) 5. The man

24、 asked her _.A. why did she do it B. why she did it C. why she does D. why does she do it( ) 6. Nobody knows _. A. when will she come back B. when she come back C. when she will come back D. when does she come back( ) 7. Mum asked _. A. where he was B. where was he C. where he is D. where is he( ) 8

25、. Do you know _? A. what they are looking for B. what are they looking for C, they are looking for what D. what do they look for() 9. The teacher asked _. A, who can answer this question B. who could answer the question C. what question did she ask D. she answered this question( ) 10. I asked her _.

26、 A. whether he has been to Australia B. whether has he been to Australia C. whether he had been to Australia D. whether he goes to Australia ( ) 11. The teacher told us _.A.that light traveled faster than sound B. if light traveled faster than sound.C. that light travels faster than sound D. if ligh

27、t travels faster than sound( ) 12. He said that _. A. he is doing his homework B. he does his homework C. he was doing his homework D. he do his homework( ) 13. I asked him _.A. where did he go B. where he went C. where does he go D. where he did go( ) 14. -Excuse me, could you tell me _ get to the plane? -Certainly. Go straight alone here.A. how can we B. how we can C. when can we D. when we can( ) 15. Do you know _he will ride here at 8 tomorrow morning? A. when B. where C. whether D. how