中考英语阅读理解之议论文解题技巧大揭秘.docx

1、中考英语阅读理解之议论文解题技巧大揭秘中考英语阅读理解之议论文解题技巧大揭秘【命题方向】议论文往往有观点，有事实，逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节及文章的主旨或作者的表达意图等方面着手，考查我们的思维能力和判断能力。所以考生要培养根据上下文猜词的能力，或者说根据情境能揣测作者的意图。议论文的阅读同其他体裁文章的阅读理解一样，可以有主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等几种出题方式。【得分要点】一、重视文章标题，找准全文主题句，把握文章主旨标题往往是全文的主题，审视标题，有利于理解全文，提高解题效率。主题句对全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳之作用。根据主题句既可以知道文章议论的是什么，也可以知道

2、作者希望读者了解主题方面的哪些内容。议论文题材偏难，但其框架一般都很清晰，多采用总分总的结构，交替使用正面和反面的论证方式。通常，先总说现象或观点；其次，正面陈述、反面论证；最后作者表明自己的态度，再次总结文章。通常主题句会出现在文章的首句或句末，在这些地方要多留意表示归纳的词汇，也可以在具体事例之后或之前的表示观点的陈述句中寻找。二、细读文章，注意文章细节理解除主旨题外，细节理解题也是阅读理解题中的基础题，它主要考查学生对文中的具体事例、数字、时间、地点等的理解。经常出现排序题(按事情发展顺序排序)，图表题(按文章内容找出正确图形)，正误题(依据文章内容对所列的陈述进行正误判断) 。对这种题

3、型，无论细节题如何变化形式，立足点都应是从文章中找出相应词句作为依据。虽然答案中有的细节在文中很清楚，但可能与问题无关。细节题的破解一般用寻读法，即先看试题，再读文章。对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、分析、对比，有根据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。假如问题采用的是反向思维，题中含有not或except等表示否定意义的词，则需要更加留意。此法可以加强阅读的针对性，提高做题的准确率。做此类题目还要特别注意句子的逻辑关系。三、理解整体语篇，掌握作者意图做推理判断题要求考生在阅读理解整体语篇的同时，对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，站在作者的视角，而不是主观臆断、凭空想象

4、，从而走入误区。英语文章讲究使用主题段与主题句，段与段之间通常有过渡性词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯。有时文章还会在时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑推理上运用较高级的手段进行组编。要想准确、深刻地理解文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握全篇的文脉，即句内、句间和段落间的修辞手段或逻辑关系。作者往往在构思语篇前会进行预先设定：读者知道什么，不知道什么，读者可能与自己共同拥有什么样的生活经验、思想见地和需求欲望等，然后设计一些隐藏在语篇深层的潜台词。因此，这类试题要求考生利用主题句进行推测，揣摩文字背后作者的意图，运用背景知识去挖掘文章的深层含义，从而正确理解作者的言外之意，同时认真体会文章的语气与感

5、情基调。四、多读多背，扩大词汇量，掌握猜词技巧由于当今的阅读文章题材广泛，体裁多样，经常出现一词多义，甚至出现没学过的词汇。许多学生感到困扰很大，有的甚至烦躁得难以坚持阅读下去。要解决阅读中的生词问题，一是要扩大英语词汇量，二是要学习并掌握一些猜测生词词义的方法，如：利用同义、反义、上义、下义、词的集合、词的搭配等关系；利用照应、替代、省略、定义、举例等情境关系；利用词缀、转化、合成等构词法；利用后置定语或同位语等语法结构；利用前后对比或因果推理法等。总之，想要提高阅读能力，尤其是对考生来说难度较大的议论文阅读，学生应能从篇章和试题双方面入手。通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，优化阅读

6、理解中议论文的解题思路和方法策略，提高学生自主学习的能力。【母题来源1】【2019 浙江省金华、义乌、丽水市】【母题原题】In the park, you see a group of people, all looking up at the sky. Without thinking about it, you look upwards, too. Why? In the concert, someone begins to clap and suddenly the whole room joins in. You do, too. Why?Sometimes we feel we ar

7、e acting correctly when we do the same as others. The more people follow an idea, the better or truer we think the idea is. Its the social proof(社会认同感) that works.The scientist Asch carried out an experiment. It shows how social proof can influence us. In a room, a man is shown Line 1, and next to i

8、t are three lines(A, B, C). A is longer, C is shorter and B is as long as Line 1. He must tell which of the three lines is as long as Line 1. When the man is alone, he gives the correct answer B. Then, five other men enter the room, and each of them gives the answer C as they were told to. Now the m

9、an changes his idea and gives the answer C. Asch got the same result many times among different subjects(实验对象).Why do we act like this? Well, in the past, following others was a way to keep away from danger. Suppose that 5000 years ago you were hunting(打猎) with friends. Suddenly, they all ran away.

10、What would you have done? Would you have stayed? No, you would have run, too. We are descendants(后代) of those who copied others action.Itis so deeply planted in our mind that we still use it now.Social proof has special power. The advertising industry, for example, often makes use of it. So be caref

11、ul whenever a company says its product is the most popular.5. At the beginning of the passage, the writer leads in the topic by _.A. telling a story B. giving examplesC. answering questions D. showing a map6. According to Paragraph 3, the experiment by Asch shows _.A. following others is always righ

12、tB. social proof may change peoples ideasC. its difficult to carry out the experimentD. people can study better if they are alone7. The underlined word It in Paragraph 4 refers to _.A. running with others B. hunting with friendsC. copying others action D. doing something different8. According to the

13、 passage, we can infer(推断) that _.A. its important to run with others anytimeB. products in the advertisement are the bestC. we mustnt copy others action to keep safeD. we need to think twice before following others【查看答案】【文章大意】本文主要通过一些社会现象以及科学家做的实验，告诉大家不要盲目随波逐流。5.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段可知，分别讲了在公园和在音乐会上

14、的两种现象别人抬头看天空你也会不自觉地看天空，别人在音乐会上鼓掌，不一会儿整个屋子的人都会跟着鼓掌。通过这两个例子引出本文主题，故答案选B。6.【答案】B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中第3段中的信息It shows how social proof can influence us. 它说明了社会认同感是如何影响我们的；故答案选B。7.【答案】C【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文We are descendants(后代) of those who copied others action. 我们是那些复制他人行为的人的后代。结合本句It is so deeply planted in our min

15、d它深深的植入了我们的思想中，它指的就是复制其他人的行为这件事；故答案选C。8.【答案】D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章我们可以推断，在追随其他人之前，我们需要再三考虑. 恰巧这也是整篇文章的主旨，不要盲目随波逐流。故答案选D。【母题来源2】【2019 安徽省中考】【母题原题】 Have you tried to run or walk for exercise and then given up? If you answered yes, you should try a new kind of exercise: aquatic(水中的) exercise. Aquatic exercise

16、 is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise.Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land. Why? You weigh about 90% less in the pool. It is better for your knees than running or walking. Water is about 1, 000 times thicker and

17、 heavier than air. To move through the water, your body has to work four times as hard. As a result, you can burn more calories(卡路里).In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water. They stop thinking about the things that make them worried. They feel in control of their bodies. The coo

18、l, quiet environment makes them feel good.But what if you are afraid of the water? No problem! There is nothing to worry about. Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesnt require any special skills. You dont even need to know how to swim. Aquatic exercise is for everyone.13. What is Parag

19、raph 2 mainly about?A. Difference between air and water. B. Weight change of ones body.C. The advantages of aquatic exercise. D. The ways to do aquatic exercise.14. What do most people think of aquatic exercise?A. Relaxing. B. Worrying. C. Challenging. D. Boring.15. According to the text, aquatic ex

20、ercise is _.A. done in groups B. fit for everyoneC. difficult to learn D. done with special skills16. In which part of a magazine can we read the text?A. Culture. B. Health. C. Nature. D. Travel.【查看答案】【文章大意】跑步或走路来锻炼身体总是很容易半途而废，那么就来尝试一下水中运动吧，它就像陆地上的锻炼一样，只不过是在游泳池里。这种锻炼可以燃烧更多的卡路里，且不会伤害你的膝盖，还能让人们感觉很放松，因

21、此受到了越来越多人的欢迎。13.【答案】C 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的文意可知，这一段介绍了水中运动比陆地运动更容易的原因，它不伤害你的膝盖，且能燃烧更多的卡路里。总而言之，这一段介绍的是水中运动的优点，故C选项符合文意。14.【答案】A 【解析】细节理解题。大多数人认为水中运动怎么样？A. Relaxing令人放松的。B. 是令人担心的；C.是有挑战性的；D.是无聊的。根据短文第三段中In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water The cool, quiet environment makes them fe

22、el good.可知，大多数人都觉得在水里很放松，感觉很好。由此可知应选A。15.【答案】B 【解析】细节理解题。根据短文最后一段Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesnt require any special skills. You dont even need to know how to swim. Aquatic exercise is for everyone可知，水中运动非常安全、学起来也很容易，不需要什么特殊的技能，它适合每个人。由此可知应选B。16.【答案】B 【解析】推理判断题。我们在杂志那个板块可以读到以上内

23、容？A.是文化；C.是自然；D.是旅行。根据短文第一段If you answered yes, you should try a new kind of exercise: aquatic (水中的) exercise. Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise可知，短文介绍的是一种越来越受人们欢迎的新运动水中运动，这样的内容应该在杂志上的健康版块，故应先B。【母题来源3】【2019 山

24、东省潍坊市】【母题原题】A recent study from a team of South Korean researchers suggests that eating alone often may lead to poor eating habits and poor food choices .Specifically ,the study found that men who ate alone more than twice a week had a greater risk of developing high blood pressure ,high cholesterol

25、 and diabetes.For children, eating with their families is not only about preventing bad outcomes(结果) it is also about developing good ones.In 2014, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD) looked at data from nearly three-quarters of the worlds countries .Among its findings wa

26、s the fact that students who shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip school .Children who eat a main meal with their families are also less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol(吸毒酗酒).In the report, titled The Importance of Family Dinners (VIII) , researchers say that teens who h

27、ave frequent family dinners are more likely to say their parents know a lot about whats going on in their lives . They also claim that when teens say they feel closer to their parents, they are less likely to use drugs and alcohol.Another study from the University of Montreal found that children who

28、 ate with their families experience long term physical and mental health benefits(好处) .These children were physically in better shape and drank fewer sugary soft drinks .These children also seemed to have better social skills and they were less aggressive(好斗的).Professor Linda Pagani says that mealti

29、mes shared with parents likely provide young children with first-hand social interactions ,discussions of social issues(事件) and day-to-day concerns . She adds that they may likely help the child have better communication skills with others.17. What can be the best title for the text?A. Benefits of e

30、ating together B. Advantages of eating aloneC. Ways of developing social skills D. Risks of using drugs and alcohol18. Children eating with their families are more likely to _.A. drink more sugary soft drinksB. do well in their studies at schoolC. be more socially active and aggressiveD. have a clos

31、er relationship with their parents19. Why is Professor Pagani mentioned in the last paragraph?A. To introduce her B. To add a new pointC. To explain further D. To provide background information20. From which is the text probably taken?A. A travel guide B. A biology textbookC. A cooking instruction D. A scienc