新目标八下units 16 词汇用法及学习目标.docx

1、新目标八下units 16 词汇用法及学习目标Unit 1 Will people have robots? 词汇（1）人民教育出版社 1. fall v. come or go down from force of weight, loss of balance, etc; drop; become 落下；跌落；变成示例The book fell off the shelf. 这本书从架子上掉了下来。用法fall用作动词时，主要有两种用法。一种是作为实义动词，可以和介词或副词搭配，表示“落下；跌落”，例如：I fell back in my chair. 我跌坐到自己的椅子上。另一种是作为系

2、动词，与形容词连用，表示进入某种状态，如：fall asleep 入睡（进入睡眠的状态）。fall的动词过去式是fallen。fall用作名词时，表示“落下；降低”，例如：I sat listening to the fall of the rain on the roof. 我坐着听雨点落在屋檐上的声音。fall还可以表示“秋天”，与autumn意思相同。词汇扩展常用搭配：fall asleep 入睡 fall behind 落后于（某人或某物） fall down 跌落 fall in love with 喜爱；爱上 fall off 掉下 fall over 跌落；被绊倒谚语：He wh

3、o does not advance falls backward. 不进则退。 Pride goes before a fall. 骄兵必败。2. alone adv. Without any companions 独自地；孤独地示例 I dont like going out alone after dark. 我不愿意天黑后独自外出。用法解析along 和lonely：（1）alone 既可用作形容词，又可用作副词，意思是“独自的（地）；单独的（地）”，侧重于说明独自一人，没有同伴或助手。alone和on ones own，by oneself意思相近。alone用作形容词时，一般与be

4、 动词连用，在句中作表语。例如：She is alone at home. 她独自一人在家。alone 用作副词修饰动词时，放在动词后面作状语。例如：I like to work alone. 我喜欢独自一人工作。alone 用作副词时，也可作定语，意思是“只有；仅仅”，但必须置于它所修饰的名词或代词之后。例如：This year alone, weve already planted ten thousand trees. 仅是今年，我们已经载了一万颗树。（2）lonely只用作形容词，它在句中既可作定语，也可作表语，表示“孤独的；寂寞的”。该词带有“孤寂”的感情色彩。用作定语时，意思为“孤

5、单的；荒凉的；偏僻的”等。例如：Thats a lonely island. 那是一个荒凉的岛屿。Lonely用作表语时，可以表示“孤寂的；寂寞的”。例如：I was alone but I didnt feel lonely. 我独自一人，但我并不感到孤独。词汇拓展常用搭配：let / leave somebody / something alone 不干涉某人或某物；听其自然 let alone 不管；不必考虑谚语：An evil chance seldom comes alone. 祸不单行3. dress v. put clothes on yourself or someone el

6、se 穿衣示例Is she old enough to dress herself yet? 她会自己穿衣服了吗？用法dress还可以用作名词，表示“女服；连衣裙；服装”。例如：Mary wore a long red dress last evening. 玛丽昨晚穿了件红色的连衣长裙。辨析dress，put on 和wear：（1）用作动词时，dress既可以表动作，也可以表状态，常用人作宾语，意思是“穿衣服”，例如：She is only a girl of three. She cant dress herself. 她只是一个三岁的女孩，她还不能自己穿衣服。需要注意的是，在表示“给自

7、己穿衣”时，我们通常说dress oneself (= get dressed)；当dress表示状态时，一般要用be dressed in 结构，例如：She was dressed in a red coat. 她穿着一件红色的上衣。（2）put on 意思是“穿（戴）上”，强调动作。例如：He put on his coat and went out. 他穿上大衣就出去了。（3）wear意思是“穿（戴）着”，强调状态。例如：Lucys mother often wears a pair of glasses. 露西的母亲常常戴着一副眼镜。词汇扩展常用搭配：dress (somebody)

8、 up (in something / as somebody or something) 化妆打扮谚语：Eat to please myself, but dress to please others. 吃是使自己受用，穿是使别人受用。Unit 1 Will people have robots? 词汇（2）人民教育出版社 1. unpleasantadj. not pleasant; not enjoyable使人不愉快的；不合意的示例There is an unpleasant smell from this room. 这屋子里散发出一种难闻的气味。用法unpleasant可以表示“令

9、人不快的；讨厌的”，例如：I found his manner very unpleasant. 我觉得他的态度讨厌极了。词汇拓展相关词：unpleasantlyadv.厌恶地反义词：pleasantadj.令人愉快的记忆导航unpleasant 是由pleasant 加上否定前缀un-构成的。类似这种构词法的词还有：able有能力的unable没有能力的；happy高兴的unhappy不高兴的。2. hundred n. the number 100; a very large number of things or people（一）百；许多（事物或人）示例The tree was pro

10、bably a hundred years old. 这棵树可能已经有一百年了。Hundreds of people attended the famous directors farewell concert. 好几百人出席了这位著名指挥家的告别音乐会。用法hundred 用于数词或含有数量意义的词之后，一般不用复数形式，例如：three hundred, a few hundred 等。但当hundred 表示“成百的；许多的”意思时，它面前不用具体数字，而常用hundreds of 结构。注意hundred 在这个结构中要用复数形式，前面可加some，a few，several等词修饰。

11、例如：Her coat cost hundreds of dollars. 她的大衣价值几百美元。类似的搭配还有thousands of数以千计的；许多的，millions of 数以百万计的；无数的。词汇拓展谚语：One good head is better than a hundred strong hands. 上百双有力的手，不如一个聪明的头脑。To hear a hundred times is not so good as to see once. 百闻不如一见。3. suchadj.of the same kind as the thing or person which ha

12、s already been mentioned这（那）样的；这（那）种示例He noticed her necklace. Such jewels must have cost a lot, he thought. 他注意到了她的项链。他想，这样的首饰肯定价格不菲。用法辨析such 和so：（1）such 是形容词，意思是“这（那）样的；这（那）种；如此的”，修饰名词。例如：I have never seen such a beautiful place before. 我从未见过这么美的地方。需要特别注意的是，such修饰单数可数名词时，应该按照如下词序：such + a / an + 形

13、容词 + 单数可数名词。（2）so是副词，意思是“这（那）么；这（那）样；如此地”，修饰形容词、副词和分词。例如：I have never seen so beautiful a place before. 我从未见过这么美的地方。同样，需要特别注意的是，so修饰单数可数名词时，应该按照如下词序：so + 形容词 + a / an + 单数可数名词。此外，当名词前有few，many，little，much等修饰词时，要用so。例如：so many people，so few days，so much time，so little money等。词汇拓展常用搭配：such as 例如 such

14、and such 某某；这样那样的谚语：Theres no such thing as a free lunch. 世上没有免费的午餐。Unit 1 Will people have robots? 词汇（3）人民教育出版社1. in prep. 在之后（用于将来时）in 100 years在一百年后People will have robots in their homes in 100 years.一百年以后，人们家中会有机器人。比较：after 在之后（用于过去时，表示从过去某时间起一段时间之后）He will come back in two hours. 他两小时后会回来。He ca

15、me back after two hours. 他是两小时后回来的。2. less, fewer 比较少；more 比较多 less 是little 的比较级，修饰不可数名词 fewer是few的比较级，修饰可数名词 more 是much和many的比较级much 修饰不可数名词，many修饰可数名词I have less money than he has. 我的钱比他的少。There are more building in this city than in that city.这个城市的楼房比那个城市多。3. fall in love with. 爱上Last year I visi

16、ted the art exhibition and fell in love with the work of Picasso.去年我参观了艺术展，爱上了毕加索的作品。4. a kind of. 一种；some kinds of. 几种a kind of book 一种书five kinds of flowers 五种花many different kinds of goldfish 各种不同的金鱼（fish 单复数相同，此处是复数）5. as well as也；与too 同义 He likes this book and he likes that book, too. / He like

17、s this book as well as that book. 他喜欢这本书，也喜欢那本书。 She can come here, too. / She can come here as well. 她也能来。6. worth adj. 值；值得；相当于价值 This house is worth $10 000. 这个房子价值一万美元。 be (well) worth doing sth.（很）值得做 That film is (well) worth seeing. 那部电影（很）值得看。 These books are worth reading twice. 这几本书值得看两遍。7

18、. knock down. 击倒，撞倒；拆除 knock down the pins击倒球柱 knock down the machine拆除机器 knock组成的词语还有： knock on (at) the door敲门 knock into sb.撞了某人 knock up叫醒1. prediction n. 预言，预测predict v. predict + that 后接从句，如The weather forecast predicts sunshine for tomorrow. 天气预告说明天阳光明媚。I predict that he will win. 我预测他会赢。2. p

19、aper moneypaper n. 纸，纸张，是不可数名词，如a piece of paper。paper money 中paper是名词做定语，表材质，只用单数。newspapern.报纸，可数名词3. space n. 表示“宇宙，空间时”，不可数名词；通常前面不用冠词。There are many stars in outer space. 在太空中有很多恒星。Travel through space to other planets interests many people.现在很多人对穿越太空去其他星球旅行感兴趣。4. besides prep. 除了还；相当于as well a

20、s, in addition to。如：Besides basketball, he also plays soccer well.除了打篮球以外，他踢足球也踢得很好。All of us passed besides John.除了约翰外，我们也都及格了。I also went there besides Mary.除了玛丽我也去了。Unit 1 Will people have robots? 学习目标人民教育出版社 目标话题表达个人主张和意见目标功能学会表达对未来的预测和想法目标结构1. 一般将来时will的用法People will have robots in their rooms.

21、There will be more population.2. more, less和fewer用于表示数量的用法more / fewer + countable nounsmore / less + uncountable nouns目标词汇核心词robot, everything, paper, use, less, fewer, tree, building, space, fly, took, moon, fall, fell, alone, pet, probably, dress, which, even, wrote, myself, interview, future, ca

22、me, company, thought, unpleasant, scientist, however, hundred, already, made, factory, simple, such, everywhere, human, shape, snake, huge, possible, electric, seem, impossible, housework拓展词pollution, astronaut, rocket, space, suit, casually, predict, prediction, earthquake, sound, bored, toothbrush

23、认读词parrot, fiction, rating词组space station, fall in love with, go skating, be able to, come true, hundreds of, in the future, look for 目标文化1. 对自己、他人以及环境的未来发展进行预测2. 了解一些科学常识目标策略鼓励大胆而合理的预测；按时间顺序描述事件Unit 2 What should I do? 词汇（1）人民教育出版社 1. playv.(a CD, CD-player, etc) to produce sound用（唱片、唱机等）播放示例Can yo

24、u play (me) her latest CD? 给我放放她最新录制的唱片行吗？用法play的基本意思是“玩；玩耍；游戏”。例如：Kids are playing in the yard. 孩子们在院子里玩耍。play还可以表示“参加比赛；同某人比赛”，后面接表示球类或棋牌类的名词时，一般不用定冠词。例如：play football / chess / cards 踢足球 / 下国际象棋 / 玩纸牌。当play表示“演奏（乐器或音乐）”，后接表示乐器的名词时，一般要用定冠词。例如：play the violin / the piano / the flute演奏小提琴 / 钢琴 / 笛子。

25、play同时也可以作名词，意思是“游戏；比赛；剧本”等。例如：She is in a play about a famous singer. 她在一出表现一位著名歌唱家的剧中担任角色。词汇拓展常用搭配：play with和玩耍play a joke on somebody开某人的玩笑 play an important part in在起重要作用谚语：All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy; all play and no work makes Jack a mere boy. 只工作，不玩耍，聪明孩子要变傻；尽玩耍，不学习，聪明孩子没出息。He

26、who plays with fire gets burned.玩火者必自焚。Lookers-on see more than players. 旁观者清。相关词：playern.做游戏的人；参赛者；表演者 playgroundn.运动场；操场playtimen.游戏时间；娱乐时间playmaten.玩伴2. surprisev.cause (somebody) to feel surprised使（某人）吃惊示例Would it surprise you to know that Im thinking of resigning? 我正考虑辞职，你感到意外吗？用法surprise用作动词，是

27、及物动词，意思是“使惊讶”。如果需要突出受惊吓的对象时，通常用“be surprised”结构。例如：She was surprised (by the mans experience). （那男人的经历使）她很吃惊。surprise还可以用作名词，意思是“惊讶；吃惊”。例如：I didnt know my parents were coming - it was a lovely surprise. 我不知道父母要来真是个惊喜。词汇拓展相关词：surprisingadj.令人惊讶的surprisinglyadv.令人惊讶地surprisedadj.感到惊讶的3. eitheradj.one

28、or the other of two两方中的任一方的；两方中的每一方的示例You can park on either side of the street. 在街道的哪边停车都可以。用法either在句中的成分比较灵活，可作主语、宾语或定语。例如：Either of the films is good. （作主语）两部电影中哪部都不错。He wrote to either of them. （作宾语）他给他们中的一个人写了信。Either teacher often answers the questions. （作定语）这两个老师都常常解答问题。either还可以表示“也不”，常用于否定

29、句。例如：I dont like the yellow shirt, and I dont like the green one, either. 我既不喜欢这件黄色的衬衫，也不喜欢那件绿色的。常用的句型是：either. or .， 意思是“要么要么；不是就是”，例如：Either he could not come or he didnt want to. 他要么是不能来，要么是不想来。Unit 2 What should I do? 词汇（2）人民教育出版社 1. fit v.be in agreement with (something); match or suit与（某事物）相符；

30、适合；适应示例This dress fits you very well. 这件裙子你穿很合适。用法fit用作动词时，意思是“适合；适应；合身”。例如：I think itll fit me quite well before long. 我想它很快就会合身的。fit用作形容词时，意思是“适合的；能胜任的；健康的”，例如：The children seem to think that Im only fit for cooking and washing. 孩子们似乎认为我只适合洗衣做饭。He keeps himself fit by running five miles every day. 他每天跑5英里以保持身体健康。词汇拓展常用搭配：be fit for.适合于fit somebody / something for.使适合keep fit保持健康谚语：Every shoe fits not every foot. 不能以己度人。2. sendv.to arrange for something to go or be taken to another place, especially by post发送；寄示例My aunt sent me a birthday gift from America. 我姑姑从美国给我寄来一份生日礼物。用法