历年大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案38页.docx

1、历年大学英语四级考试试题及参考答案38页2019年12月全国大学英语四级考试真题和答案 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices

2、 marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Universities Branch Out As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the place of the scie

3、ntific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But at the same time, the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information and especially people has made universities a powerfu

4、l force for global integration, mutual understanding and geopolitical stability. In response to the same forces that have driven the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire range of cultures and values, sen

5、ding their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering course of study that address the challenges of an interconnected world and collaborative (合作的) research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity. Of the forces shaping higher education none is more sweepin

6、g than the movement across borders. Over the past three decades the number of students leaving home each year to study abroad has grown at an annual rate of 3.9 percent, from 800,000 in 1975 to 2.5 million in 2019. Most travel from one developed nation to another, but the flow from developing to dev

7、eloped countries is growing rapidly. The reverse flow, from developed to developing countries, is on the rise, too. Today foreign students earn 30 percent of the doctoral degrees awarded in the United States and 38 percent of those in the United Kingdom. And the number crossing borders for undergrad

8、uate study is growing as well, to 8 percent of the undergraduates at Americas best institutions and 10 percent of all undergraduates in the U.K. In the United States, 20 percent of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born, and in China many newly hired faculty members a

9、t the top research universities received their graduate education abroad. Universities are also encouraging students to spend some of their undergraduate years in another country. In Europe, more than 140,000 students participate in the Erasmus program each year, taking courses for credit in one of

10、2,200 participating institutions across the continent. And in the United States, institutions are helping place students in the summer internships (实习) abroad to prepare them for global careers. Yale and Harvard have led the way, offering every undergraduate at least one international study or inter

11、nship opportunityand providing the financial resources to make it possible. Globalization is also reshaping the way research is done. One new trend involves sourcing portions of a research program to another country. Yale professor and Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator Tian Xu directs a r

12、esearch center focused on the genetics of human disease at Shanghais Fudan University, in collaboration with faculty colleagues from both schools. The Shanghai center has 95 employees and graduate students working in a 4,300-square-meter laboratory seminars with scientists from both campuses. The ar

13、rangement benefits both countries; Xus Yale lab is more productive, thanks to the lower costs of conducting research in China, and Chinese graduate students, postdoctors and faculty get on-the-job training from a world-class scientist and his U.S. team. As a result of its strength in science, the Un

14、ited States has consistently led the world in the commercialization of major new technologies, from the mainframe computer and the integrated circuit of the 1960s to the Internet infrastructure (基础设施) and applications software of the 1990s. the link between university-based science and industrial ap

15、plication is often indirect but sometimes highly visible: Silicon Valley was intentionally created by Stanford University, and Route 128 outside Boston has long housed companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. Around the world, governments have encouraged copying of this model, perhaps most successfu

16、lly in Cambridge, England, where Microsoft and scores of other leading software and biotechnology companies have set up shop around the university. For all its success, the United States remains deeply hesitant about sustaining the research- university model. Most politicians recognize the link betw

17、een investment in science and national economic strength, but support for research funding has been unsteady. The budget of the National Institutes of Health doubled between 2019 and 2019, but has risen more slowly than inflation since then. Support for the physical sciences and engineering barely k

18、ept pace with inflation during that same period. The attempt to make up lost ground is welcome, but the nation would be better served by steady, predictable increases in science funding at the rate of long-term GDP growth, which is on the order of inflation plus 3 percent per year. American politici

19、ans have great difficult recognizing that admitting more foreign students can greatly promote the national interest by increasing international understanding. Adjusted for inflation, public funding for international exchanges and foreign-language study is well below the levels of 40 years ago, in th

20、e wake of September 11, changes in the visa process caused a dramatic decline in the number of foreign students seeking admission to U.S. universities, and a corresponding surge in enrollments in Australia, Singapore and the U.K. Objections from American university and the business leaders led to im

21、provements in the process and reversal of the decline, but the United States is still seen by many as unwelcoming to international students. Most Americans recognize that universities contribute to the nations well-being through their scientific research, but many fear that foreign students threaten

22、 American competitiveness by taking their knowledge and skills back home. They fail to grasp that welcoming foreign students to the United States has two important positive effects: first, the very best of them stay in the States and like immigrants throughout historystrengthen the nation; and secon

23、d, foreign students who study in the United States become ambassadors for many of its most cherished (珍视) values when they return home. Or at least they understand them better. In America as elsewhere, few instruments of foreign policy are as effective in promoting peace and stability as welcoming i

24、nternational university students. 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 1. From the first paragraph we know that present-day universities have become _. “师”之概念，大体是从先秦时期的“师长、师傅、先生”而来。其中“师傅”更早则意指春秋时国君的老师。说文解字中有注曰：“师教人以道者之称也”。“师”之含义，现在泛指从事教育工作或是传授知识技术也或是某方面有特长值得学习者。“老师”的原意并非由“老”而形容“师”。“老”在旧语义中也是一种尊称，隐喻年长且学识渊博者。“老”“师”连用最初见于史

25、记，有“荀卿最为老师”之说法。慢慢“老师”之说也不再有年龄的限制，老少皆可适用。只是司马迁笔下的“老师”当然不是今日意义上的“教师”，其只是“老”和“师”的复合构词，所表达的含义多指对知识渊博者的一种尊称，虽能从其身上学以“道”，但其不一定是知识的传播者。今天看来，“教师”的必要条件不光是拥有知识，更重于传播知识。 A) more popularized than ever before B) in-service training organizations C) a powerful force for global integration D) more and more researc

26、h-oriented 2. Over the past decades, the enrollment of overseas students has increased _. A) at an annual rate of 8 percent B) at an annual rate of 3.9 percent C) by 800,000 D) by 2.5 million 3. In the United States, how many of the newly hired professors in science and engineering are foreign-born?

27、 A) 38% B) 10% C) 30% D) 20% 4. How do Yale and Harvard prepare their undergraduates for global careers? A) They give them chances for international study or internship. B) They arrange for them to participate in the Erasmus program. C) They offer them various courses in international politics. D) T

28、hey organize a series of seminars on world economy. 5. An example illustrating the general trend of universities globalization is _. A) Yales establishing branch campuses throughout the world B) Yales student exchange program with European institutions C) Yales helping Chinese universities to launch

29、 research projects D) Yales collaboration with Fudan University on genetic research. 6. What do we learn about Silicon Valley from the passage? A) It is known to be the birthplace of Microsoft Company. B) It was intentionally created by Stanford University. C) It is where the Internet infrastructure

30、 was built up. D) It houses many companies spun off from MIT and Harvard. 7. What is said about the U.S. federal funding for research? A) It has increased by 3 percent. B) It doubled between 2019 and 2019. C) It has been unsteady for years. D) It has been more than sufficient. 8. The dramatic declin

31、e in the enrollment of foreign students in the U.S. after September 11 was caused by _. 9. Many Americans fear that American competitiveness may be threatened by foreign students who will _. 10. The policy of welcoming foreign students can benefit the U.S. in that the very best of them will stay and

32、 _. Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage