十四章FrameworkConvention.docx

1、十四章FrameworkConventionUnited Nations Framework Conventionon Climate ChangeARTICLE 3 PRINCIPLES第三条 原 则In their actions to achieve the objective of the Convention and to implement its provisions, the Parties shall be guided, inter alia, by the following: 各缔约方在为实现本公约的目标和履行其各项规定而采取行动时，除其他外，应以下列作为指导： 1.

2、The Parties should protect the climate system for the benefit of present and future generations of humankind, on the basis of equity and in accordance with their common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities. Accordingly, the developed country Parties should take the lead in

3、 combating climate change and the adverse effects thereof. 1各缔约方应当在公平的基础上，并根据它们共同但有区别的责任和各自的能力，为人类当代和后代的利益保护气候系统。因此，发达国家缔约方应当率先对付气候变化及其不利影响。 2. The specific needs and special circumstances of developing country Parties, especially those that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of clim

4、ate change, and of those Parties, especially developing country Parties, that would have to bear a disproportionate or abnormal burden under the Convention, should be given full consideration. 2应当充分考虑到发展中国家缔约方尤其是特别易受气候变化不利影响的那些发展中国家缔约方的具体需要和特殊情况，也应当充分考虑到那些按本公约必须承担不成比例或不正常负担的缔约方特别是发展中国家缔约方的具体需要和特殊情况。

5、3. The Parties should take precautionary measures to anticipate, prevent or minimize the causes of climate change and mitigate its adverse effects. Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty should not be used as a reason for postponing such measures

6、, taking into account that policies and measures to deal with climate change should be cost-effective so as to ensure global benefits at the lowest possible cost. To achieve this, such policies and measures should take into account different socio-economic contexts, be comprehensive, cover all relev

7、ant sources, sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases and adaptation, and comprise all economic sectors. Efforts to address climate change may be carried out cooperatively by interested Parties. 3各缔约方应当采取预防措施，预测、防止或尽量减少引起气候变化的原因并缓解其不利影响。当存在造成严重或不可逆转的损害的威胁时，不应当以科学上没有完全的确定性为理由推迟采取这类措施，同时考虑到应付气候变化的政策和措

8、施应当讲求成本效益，确保以尽可能最低的费用获得全球效益。为此，这种政策和措施应当考虑到不同的社会经济情况，并且应当具有全面性，包括所有有关的温室气体源、汇和库及适应措施，并涵盖所有经济部门。应付气候变化的努力可由有关的缔约方合作进行。 4. The Parties have a right to, and should, promote sustainable development. Policies and measures to protect the climate system against human-induced change should be appropriate fo

9、r the specific conditions of each Party and should be integrated with national development programmes, taking into account that economic development is essential for adopting measures to address climate change. 4各缔约方有权并且应当保进可持续的发展。保护气候系统免遭人为变化的政策和措施应当适合每个缔约方的具体情况，并应当结合到国家的发展计划中去，同时考虑到经济发展对于采取措施应付气候变

10、化是至关重要的。5. The Parties should cooperate to promote a supportive and open international economic system that would lead to sustainable economic growth and development in all Parties, particularly developing country Parties, thus enabling them better to address the problems of climate change. Measures

11、 taken to combat climate change, including unilateral ones, should not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade. 5各缔约方应当合作促进有利的和开放的国际经济体系，这种体系将促成所有缔约方特别是发展中国家缔约方的可持续经济增长和发展，从而使它们有能力更好地应付气候变化的问题。为对付气候变化而采取的措施，包括单方面措施，不应当成为国际贸易上的

12、任意或无理的歧视手段或者隐蔽的限制。ARTICLE 4 COMMITMENTS第四条 承诺2. The developed country Parties and other Parties included in Annex I commit themselves specifically as provided for in the following: 2附件一所列的发达国家缔约方和其他缔约方具体承诺如下所规定： (a) Each of these Parties shall adopt national1 policies and take corresponding measures

13、 on the mitigation of climate change, by limiting its anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and protecting and enhancing its greenhouse gas sinks and reservoirs. These policies and measures will demonstrate that developed countries are taking the lead in modifying longer-term trends in anthrop

14、ogenic emissions consistent with the objective of the Convention, recognizing that the return by the end of the present decade to earlier levels of anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol would contribute to such modification, and

15、taking into account the differences in these Parties starting points and approaches, economic structures and resource bases, the need to maintain strong and sustainable economic growth, available technologies and other individual circumstances, as well as the need for equitable and appropriate contr

16、ibutions by each of these Parties to the global effort regarding that objective. These Parties may implement such policies and measures jointly with other Parties and may assist other Parties in contributing to the achievement of the objective of the Convention and, in particular, that of this subpa

17、ragraph; （a）每一个此类缔约方应制定国家政策和采取相应的措施，通过限制其人为的温室气体排放以及保护和增强其温室气体库和汇，减缓气候变化。这些政策和措施将表明，发达国家是在带头依循本公约的目标，改变人为排放的长期趋势，同时认识到至本10年末使二氧化碳和蒙特利尔议定书未予管制的其他温室气体的人为排放回复到较早的水平，将会有助于这种改变，并考虑到这些缔约方的起点和做法、经济结构和资源基础方面的差别、维持强有力和可持续经济增长的需要、可以采用的技术以及其他各别情况，又考虑到每一个此类缔约方都有必要对为了实现该目标而作的全球努力作出公平和适当的贡献。这些缔约方可以同其他缔约方共同执行这些政策和

18、措施，也可以协助其他缔约方为实现本公约的目标特别是本项的目标作出贡献；Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Conventionon Climate Change京都议定书The Parties to this Protocol, Being Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, hereinafter referred to as the Convention, In pursuit of the ultimate objective

19、of the Convention as stated in its Article 2, Recalling the provisions of the Convention, Being guided by Article 3 of the Convention, Pursuant to the Berlin Mandate adopted by decision 1/ of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention at its first session, Have agreed as follows: 本议定书各缔约方，作为联合国

20、气候变化框架公约（以下简称公约）缔约方，为实现公约第二条所述的最终目标，以及公约的各项规定，在公约第三条的指导下，按照公约缔约方会议第一届会议在第1/CP1号决定中通过的“柏林授权”，兹协议如下：Article 3第三条1. The Parties included in Annex I shall, individually or jointly, ensure that their aggregateanthropogenic carbon dioxide equivalent emissions of the greenhouse gases listed inAnnex A do no

21、t exceed their assigned amounts, calculated pursuant to their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments inscribed in Annex B and in accordance with the provisions of this Article, with a view to reducing their overall emissions of such gases by at least 5 per cent below 1990 levels in

22、 the commitment period 2008 to 2012. 1附件一所列缔约方应个别地或共同地确保其在附件A中所列温室气体的人为二氧化碳当量排放总量不超过按照附件B中所载其量化的限制和减少排放的承诺和根据本条的规定所计算的其分配数量，以使其在2008年至2012年承诺期内这些气体的全部排放量从1990年水平至少减少5%。 2. Each Party included in Annex I shall, by 2005, have made demonstrable progress in achieving its commitments under this Protocol.

23、 2附件一所列每一缔约方到2005年时，应在履行其依本议定书规定的承诺方面作出可予证实的进展。 3. The net changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks resulting from direct human-induced land-use change and forestry activities, limited to afforestation, reforestation and deforestation since 1990, measured as verifiable ch

24、anges in carbon stocks in each commitment period, shall be used to meet the commitments under this Article of each Party included in Annex I. The greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks associated with those activities shall be reported in a transparent and verifiable manner and re

25、viewed in accordance with Articles 7 and 8. 3自1990年以来直接由人引起的土地利用变化和林业活动限于造林、重新造林和砍伐森林，产生的温室气体源的排放和碳吸收方面的净变化，作为每个承诺期碳贮存方面可核查的变化来衡量，应用以实现附件一所列每一缔约方依本条规定的承诺。与这些活动相关的温室气体源的排放和碳的清除，应以透明且可核查的方式作出报告，并依第七条和第八条予以审评。4. Prior to the first session of the Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the P

26、arties to this Protocol, each Party included in Annex I shall provide, for consideration by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice, data to establish its level of carbon stocks in 1990 and to enable an estimate to be made of its changes in carbon stocks in subsequent years. The

27、Conference of the Parties serving as the meeting of the Parties to this Protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, decide upon modalities, rules and guidelines as to how, and which, additional human-induced activities related to changes in greenhouse gas emissions by

28、sources and removals by sinks in the agricultural soilsand the land-use change and forestry categories shall be added to, or subtracted from, the assigned amounts for Parties included in Annex I, taking into account uncertainties, transparency in reporting, verifiability, the methodological work of

29、the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the advice provided by the Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice in accordance with Article 5 and the decisions of the Conference of the Parties. Such a decision shall apply in the second and subsequent commitment periods. A Party may

30、choose to apply such a decision on these additional human-induced activities for its first commitment period, provided that these activities have taken place since 1990. 4在作为本议定书缔约方会议的公约缔约方会议第一届会议之前，附件一所列每缔约方应提供数据供附属科技咨询机构审议，以便确定其1990年的碳贮存并能对其以后各年的碳贮存方面的变化作出估计。作为本议定书缔约方会议的公约缔约方会议，应在第一届会议或在其后一旦实际可行时，

31、就涉及与农业土壤和土地利用变化和林业类各种温室气体源的排放和各种汇的清除方面变化有关的哪些因人引起的其它活动，应如何加到附件一所列缔约方的分配数量中或从中减去的方式、规则和指南作出决定，同时考虑到各种不确定性、报告的透明度、可核查性、政府间气候变化专门委员会方法学方面的工作、附属科技咨询机构根据第五条提供的咨询意见以及公约缔约方会议的决定。此项决定应适用于第二个和以后的承诺期。一缔约方可为其第一个承诺期这些额外的因人引起的活动选择适用此项决定，但这些活动须自1990年以来已经进行。Article 12第十二条 2清洁发展机制的目的是协助未列入附件一的缔约方实现可持续发展和有益于公约的最终目标，

32、并协助附件一所列缔约方实现遵守第三条规定的其量化的限制和减少排放的承诺。 1. A clean development mechanism is hereby defined. 1兹此确定一种清洁发展机制。2. The purpose of the clean development mechanism shall be to assist Parties not included in Annex I in achieving sustainable development and in contributing to the ultimate objective of the Convention, and to assist Parties included in Annex I in achieving compliancewith their quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under Article3. 2清洁发展机制的目的是协助未列入附件一的缔约方实现可持续发展和有益于公约的最终目标，并协助附件一所列缔约方实现遵守第三条规定的其量化的限制和减少排放的承诺。 3. U