semester paper.docx

1、semester paperEnglish DepertmentAIEN InstituteShanghai Ocean UniversitySemester 2 2011/06Semester paperScissors dance & Chhau DanceStudent name : Zhou Chao (Gerry)Student ID Number : 10912382010 cohortClass BIS 2Teachers : Shane and LayneI declar that this paper is all my own work and does not conta

2、in unreferenced or unacknowledged material . I understant that plagiarsm may result in zero marks and no chance to rewrite .Signature : Date : ContentsI、Introduction 2II、Body 3A、Origin & Histrical Background 3i、Scissors Dance 3ii、Chhau Dance 3B、Characteristics 4i、Unique Feature of Scissors Dance 5ii

3、、Unique Feature of Chhau Dance 5C、Influence and Future 6i、Scissors Dance 6ii、Chhau Dance 6III、Conclusion 7IV、Appendix 8V、Reference 11IntroductionDuo to the fact that 51 new cultureal assets including Scissors Dance and Chhau Dance were classified as the cultural heritage by UNESCO in 2010, there are

4、 more than 200 cultural heritages from universal different areas in its list (Agence France-Presse，2010). The acyonym UNESCO means United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organzation, which was established on 16 november 1945 and has been devoting to producing “the status for dialogue am

5、ong civilizations, cultres and people based upon respect from commonly shared values” (UNESCO,1995). Hence, protecting cultural heritage is one of the most impoortant part of their daily routine.Culture is a special kind of existence, which has its necessity to treasure, learn and pass on. It can be

6、 a traditional dance Scissors Dance or Chhau Dance,a historic building Pyramid or other things, which can represent a civilization. ICOMOSInternational Council On Monuments and Sites (2002) think that cultural heritage is an expression of the ways of living developed by a community and passed on fro

7、m generation to generation. As the cultural awareness of peoplr has been awaked in recent years, a large number of goverments work with some non-government origanizations (NGO), for example Cultural Heritage without Borders (CHwB), UG “ Merjem ” and Mozail-Community Development Foundation, to protec

8、t their national cultural treasure. Usually, cultural heritage is divided into two parts tangible and intangible. However Culture in Development organization (2011) think it can be told apart into three parts : Built Environment (Buildings, Townscapes, Archaeological remains), Natural Environment (R

9、ural landscapes, Coasts and shorelines, Agricultural heritage) and Artefacts (Books & Documents, Objects, Pictures). No matter which cultural heritage it is, it need to be protected, learnt and inheritanced.Scissors Dance and Chhau Dance are two quite different dance,which both of were added into th

10、e cultural heritage list at the same time by UNESCO in 2010 that had already been mentioned in the beginning of article. On the one hand, Scissors Dance is performed by the inhabitants of Quechua villages and communities in the south-central Andes of Peru, and at present in urban areas (UNESCO, 2010

11、). According to UNESCOs investigation (2010), its name-Scissors Dance, comes from its tools-a pair of irons, which looks like the scissors blades. On the other hand, Chhau Dance, which is originally performed on the eastern part of India, is a special kind of dance due to the changeful masks, themes

12、 and actions. Because of its particularity that it have strong adaptability to the modern society, it is often used for communication medium of dancing art (Rajan, 2011). In summary, both of them have very wide fames and cultural connotation.After reading this essay, the status of those dance can be

13、 understood better by exploring their origins, characteristics, and influences and future. Through the comparison of two kinds of dancing, this essay will lead people to probe into the influence of regional, history, custom to cultural. Moreover, those information about Scissors Dance and Chhau Danc

14、e will be introduced to people in order to bear out the reason why those kind of dance are classified as cultural heritage. At the same time, this article will help people find their side neglected cultural heritage and be willing to protect and inheritan them. f course, these are not direct explana

15、tion in the article because it needs readers to think，to feel and to experience.Origin & Histrical BackgroundScissors DanceSince Scissors Dance is classified as a cultural heritage last year, it has drew lots of attention from all over the world. Whether it is civilians or professors, they are inter

16、ested in its origin which here this part will introduce.Some anthropologists believe in that it comes forth in 1524, during the revolt against the colonial rule of Spain, while several other anthropologists strongly are in favor of that it appeared in 1564, and relate it to the Taki Ongoy-an Andean

17、religious movement. According to these anthropologists research, both start at colonial times for fighting with the spanish colonial rule. In accordance with the Spanish Chronides, “The Huacas-pre-hispanish deities-would possess the bodies of indigenous highlanders, enabling them to writhe in the fe

18、verish dance for hours or days, ignaling a prophesy and prompting the return of the old Gods to defeat of the Spanishs Christian God” （Rick Vecchio, 2009）.Meanwhile, in the local folkore, the dancers made a treaty with the Devil, to perform the surprising dancing act in order to achieve the power to

19、 obtain victory over Spain. Anyway, its birth has a certain myth color and contains a kind of hope of power, victory and freedom. However, their aim to banish Spanish colonists never come ture and Spanish invaders totally ellminated the religious rebellion by 1572 （Rick Vecchio, 2009）. Even so, most

20、 component of the dancing cerenony still performed in rural areas after 1580s. Local people learnt and spreaded through oral due to religious persecution. During this period, it gradually evolved into an indepent dancing form. In the mean time, the local residents think it is a enraged dance,which i

21、s full of angry spirit and actively promote it.Certainly, not all experts accept that histrical theory of Scissors Dance,but no one doubts that it has a signaficantly important influence in the Ancles in Peru as a symbol of cultural position. In addition to this,it has become a popular, indispensabl

22、e and esssential part of Cathoic Festivies and most universally performes in Huancarelica, Ayacucho, Apurimac and Lima. Chhau DanceAbout the sources of Chhau Dance, there are many different versions, but all these claims have some of the same. It is native to the eastern part of Indiacertain areas o

23、f West Bengal. Originally, it is a festival dance which performed between March and April in Bengali Calendar. However,coming to the festival name, there are different versions-Sun Festival and Chaitra Parva (also called Spring Festival ) and both are very famous. Besides, although most of its real

24、origin disappeared in the hoavy past, it has been still performed in most areas of several countries for a few centuries. During this period, it is not only linked with the trodition, but also has been developed the art of dance, and flourished under the royal assistance. A significant feature is th

25、at people can do this dance together without the discrimination of rankand creedmembers of the regius family and commoners dancing together. For example, the prince and pauper can be freedom to share their thinkings with each other through this dance. In addition, in the past, the masks dancers used

26、 are made from bamboos and gourds and the contents are assoicated with fairy myth toles of Mahabharata Ramayana and the life of nature and mankind.The current style of this dance is given to its shape by the constant efforts of Kunwar Bijay Singhdeo in 1920s. As a result, he is considered as the Fea

27、ther of Modern (Saraikela) Chhau Dance (Indiatravelite, 2009). Since 1938, Chhau Dance has increased its honor by perforing the dance to each nook of conurbation and village. With the passage of time, female images and more sundry topic was added. Recentiy, it has been famous as a instrument of chor

28、eography, with its broad range of positions and actions which are satisfied well with modern society. It has been detured new appearance and goes to a new high level to the art and culture through the establishment of State Chhau Dance Centre. Hence, it will continue to develop under the help and pr

29、otection of government.CharacteristicsAlthough both of themScissors Dance and Chhau Dance are energetic dance,there are many differences between them owing to the diversity of regions and civilization on themes, clothes, music-accompany with musical instruments, stage property and other details. In

30、other words, those two kinds of dance lie at defferent places, appear in different years and pass on for fifferent aims. Hence, people can learn the diversity of those areas culture based on comparison of these two kinds of dance. In order to give readers intuitive feeling, a table had been made out

31、. The comparision of Scissors Dance & Chhau DanceScissors DanceChhau DanceCountryPeruIndiaDetailed AddressMostly commonly found in Huancarelica, Ayacucho, Apurimac and Lima.Seraikella, in JharklandPurulia, in West BengalMayurbhanj, in OrissaTime of BirthIn 1524 or 1564About 3 hundred years agoStage

32、PropertyA pair of polished iron rods (look like scissors blades)Masks And weaponsCostumesAngry color clothes, Outfits embroidered with golden fringes, multicoloured sequins and small mirrorsApp 1Gods pyjamas of deepgreen, yellow or redDevils(Demons-asuras) on loose trousers of a deep black shadeMusic-Accompany with Musical InstrumentsReligion tuneTraditional and folk dance Musical InstrumentsViolin and harpiMohuri and shehnaiTopicOr ThemeOr ContentA popular part of catholic festivalAc