尚择优选20XX年考研英语一真题及答案解析 完整版.docx

1、尚择优选20XX年考研英语一真题及答案解析 完整版20XX年考研英语一真题完整版SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)InCambodia,thechoiceofaspouseisacomplexonefortheyoungmale.Itmayinvolvenotonlyhisparentsandhisfriends, 1thoseoftheyoungwoman,bu

2、talsoamatchmaker.Ayoungmancan 2alikelyspouseonhisownandthenaskhisparentsto3themarriagenegotiations,ortheyoungmansparentsmaymakethechoiceofaspouse,givingthechildlittletosayintheselection. 4,agirlmayvetothespouseherparentshavechosen.5aspousehasbeenselected,eachfamilyinvestigatestheothertomakesureitsch

3、ildismarrying 6agoodfamily.Thetraditionalweddingisalongandcolorfulaffair.Formerlyitlastedthreedays,7bythe1980sitmorecommonlylastedadayandahalf.Buddhistpriestsofferashortsermonand8prayersofblessing.Partsoftheceremonyinvolveritualhaircutting, 9cottonthreadssoakedinholywateraroundthebridesandgroomswris

4、ts,and 10acandlearoundacircleofhappilymarriedandrespectedcouplestoblessthe11.Newlywedstraditionallymoveinwiththewifesparentsandmay 12withthemuptoayear, 13theycanbuildanewhousenearby.Divorceislegalandeasyto14,butnotcommon.Divorcedpersonsare15withsomedisapproval.Eachspouseretains16propertyheorshe17int

5、othemarriage,andjointly-acquiredpropertyis18equally.Divorcedpersonsmayremarry,butagenderprejudice 19up:Thedivorcedmaledoesnthaveawaitingperiodbeforehecanremarry20thewomanmustwaittenmonths.1.AbywayofBonbehalfofCaswellasDwithregardto2.AadapttoBprovideforCcompetewithDdecideon3.AcloseBrenewCarrangeDpost

6、pone4.AAboveallBIntheoryCIntimeDForexample5.AAlthoughBLestCAfterDUnless6.AintoBwithinCfromDthrough7.AsinceBbutCorDso8.AcopyBtestCreciteDcreate9.AfoldingBpilingCwrappingDtying10.ApassingBlightingChidingDserving11.AmeetingBcollectionCassociationDunion12.AgrowBpartCdealDlive13.AwhereasBuntilCifDfor14.A

7、obtainBfollowCchallengeDavoid15.AisolatedBpersuadedCviewedDexposed16.AwhateverBhoweverCwheneverDwherever17.AchangedBbroughtCshapedDpushed18.AwithdrawnBinvestedCdonatedDdivided19.AbreaksBwarmsCshowsDclears20.AsothatBwhileConceDinthatSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtex

8、ts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1France,whichpridesitselfastheglobalinnovatoroffashion,hasdecideditsfashionindustryhaslostanabsoluterighttodefinephysicalbeautyforwomen.Itslawmakersgavepreliminaryapprovallastweektoalawthatwouldmakeita

9、crimetoemployultra-thinmodelsonrunways.Theparliamentalsoagreedtobanwebsitesthat“inciteexcessivethinness”bypromotingextremedieting.Suchmeasureshaveacoupleofupliftingmotives.Theysuggestbeautyshouldnotbedefinedbylooksthatendupimpingingonhealth.Thatsastart.Andthebanonultra-thinmodelsseemstogobeyondprote

10、ctingmodelsfromstarvingthemselvestodeathassomehavedone.Ittellsthefashionindustrythatitmusttakeresponsibilityforthesignalitsendswomen,especiallyteenagegirls,aboutthesocialtape-measuretheymustusetodeterminetheirindividualworth.Thebans,iffullyenforced,wouldsuggesttowomen(andmanymen)thattheyshouldnotlet

11、othersbearbitersoftheirbeauty.Andperhapsfaintly,theyhintthatpeopleshouldlooktointangiblequalitieslikecharacterandintellectratherthandietingtheirwaytosizezeroorwasp-waistphysiques.TheFrenchmeasures,however,relytoomuchonseverepunishmenttochangeaculturethatstillregardsbeautyasskin-deepandbone-showing.U

12、nderthelaw,usingafashionmodelthatdoesnotmeetagovernment-definedindexofbodymasscouldresultina$85,000fineandsixmonthsinprison.Thefashionindustryknowsithasaninherentprobleminfocusingonmaterialadornmentandidealizedbodytypes.InDenmark,theUnitedStates,andafewothercountries,itistryingtosetvoluntarystandard

13、sformodelsandfashionimagesthatrelymoreonpeerpressureforenforcement.IncontrasttoFrancesactions,Denmarksfashionindustryagreedlastmonthonrulesandsanctionsregardingtheage,health,andothercharacteristicsofmodels.ThenewlyrevisedDanishFashionEthicalCharterclearlystates:“Weareawareofandtakeresponsibilityfort

14、heimpactthefashionindustryhasonbodyideals,especiallyonyoungpeople.”ThechartersmaintoolofenforcementistodenyaccessfordesignersandmodelingagenciestoCopenhagenFashionWeek,whichisrunbytheDanishFashionInstitute.Butingeneralitreliesonaname-and-shamemethodofcompliance.Relyingonethicalpersuasionratherthanla

15、wtoaddressthemisuseofbodyidealsmaybethebeststep.Evenbetterwouldbetohelpelevatenotionsofbeautybeyondthematerialstandardsofaparticularindustry.21.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatwouldhappeninFrance?APhysicalbeautywouldberedefined.BNewrunwayswouldbeconstructed.CWebsitesaboutdietingwouldthrive.DThefash

16、ionindustrywoulddecline.22.Thephrase“impingingon”(Line2,Para2)isclosestinmeaningtoAheighteningthevalueof.Bindicatingthestateof.Closingfaithin.Ddoingharmto.23.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthefashionindustry?ATheFrenchmeasureshavealreadyfailed.BNewstandardsarebeingsetinDenmark.CModelarenolongerunderpeer

17、pressure.DItsinherentproblemsaregettingworse.24.AdesignerismostlikelytoberejectedbyCFWforAsettingahighagethresholdformodels.Bcaringtoomuchaboutmodelscharacter.Cshowinglittleconcernforhealthfactors.Dpursuingperfectphysicalconditions.25.Whichofthefollowingmaybethebesttitleofthetext?ATheGreatThreatstot

18、heFashionIndustry.BJustAnotherRoundofStruggleforBeauty.CADilemmafortheStarvingModelsinFrance.DAChallengetotheFashionIndustrysBodyIdeals.Text2Forthefirsttimeinhistorymorepeopleliveintownsthaninthecountry.InBritainthishashadacuriousresult.WhilepollsshowBritonsrate“thecountryside”alongsidetheroyalfamil

19、y,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)aswhatmakesthemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.AcenturyagoOctaviaHilllaunchedtheNationalTrustnottorescuestylishhousesbuttosave“thebeautyofnaturalplacesforeveryoneforever.”Itwasspecificallytoprovidecitydwellerswithspacesforleisurewher

20、etheycouldexperience“arefreshingair.”Hillspressurelaterledtothecreationofnationalparksandgreenbelts.Theydontmakecountrysideanymore,andeveryyearconcreteconsumesmoreofit.Itneedsconstantguardianship.Atthenextelectionnoneofthebigpartiesseemlikelytoendorsethissentiment.TheConservativesplanningreformexpli

21、citlygivesruraldevelopmentpriorityoverconservation,evenauthorizing“off-plan”buildingwherelocalpeoplemightobject.Theconceptofsustainabledevelopmenthasbeendefinedasprofitable.Labourlikewisewantstodiscontinuelocalplanningwherecouncilsopposedevelopment.TheLiberalDemocratsaresilent.OnlyUkip,sensingitscha

22、nce,hassidedwiththosepleadingforamoreconsideredapproachtousinggreenland.ItsCampaigntoProtectRuralEnglandstruckterrorintomanylocalConsecutiveparties.Thesensibleplacetobuildnewhouses,factoriesandofficesiswherepeopleare,incitiesandtownswhereinfrastructureisinplace.TheLondonagentsStirlingAckroydrecently

23、identifiedenoughsitesforhalfamillionhousesintheLondonarealone,withnointrusionongreenbet.WhatistrueofLondoniseventrueroftheprovinces.Theideathat“housingcrisis”equals“concretedmeadows”ispurelobbytalk.Theissueisnottheneedformorehousesbut,asalways,wheretoputthem.Underlobbypressure,GeorgeOsbornefavoursru

24、ralnew-buildagainsturbanrenovationandrenewal.Hefavoursout-of-townshoppingsitesagainsthighstreets.Thisisnotafreemarketbutabiasedone.Ruraltownsandvillageshavegrownandwillalwaysgrow.Theydosobestwherebuildingstickstotheiredgesandrespectstheircharacter.Wedonotruinurbanconservationareas.Whyruinruralones?D

25、evelopmentshouldbeplanned,notletrip.AftertheNetherlands,BritainisEuropesmostcrowdedcountry.Halfacenturyoftownandcountryplanninghasenabledittoretainanenviableruralcoherence,whilestillpermittinglow-densityurbanliving.ThereisnodoubtofthealternativethecorruptedlandscapesofsouthernPortugal,SpainorIreland

26、.Avoidingthisratherthanpromotingitshouldunitetheleftandrightofthepoliticalspectrum.26.BritainspublicsentimentaboutthecountrysideAdidntstarttilltheShakespeareanage.BhasbroughtmuchbenefittotheNHS.Cisfullybackedbytheroyalfamily.Disnotwellreflectedinpolitics.27.AccordingtoParagraph2,theachievementsofthe

27、NationalTrustarenowbeAgraduallydestroyed.Beffectivelyreinforced.Clargelyovershadowed.Dproperlyprotected.28.WhichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?ALabourisunderattackforopposingdevelopment.BTheConservativesmayabandon“off-plan”building.CTheLiberalDemocratsarelosingpoliticalinfluence.DUkipmayg

28、ainfromitssupportforruralconservation.29.TheauthorholdsthatGeorgeOsbornespreferenceAhighlightshisfirmstandagainstlobbypressure.Bshowshisdisregardforthecharacterofruralareas.Cstressesthenecessityfeasingthehousingcrisis.Drevealsastrongprejudiceagainsturbanareas.30.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorshowshisa

29、ppreciationofAthesizeofpopulationinBritain.BthepoliticallifeintodaysBritain.CtheenviableurbanlifestyleinBritain.Dthetown-and-countryplanninginBritain.Text3“Thereisoneandonlyonesocialresponsibilityofbusinesses,”WroteMiltonFriedman,aNobelprize-winningeconomist,“Thatis,touseitsresourcesandengageinactiv

30、itiesdesignedtoincreaseitsprofit”.ButevenifyouacceptFiredmanspremiseandregardcorporatesocialresponsibility(CSR)policiesaswasteofshareholdersmoney,thingsmaynotbeabsolutelyclear-cut.NewresearchsuggesttheCSRmaycreatemonetaryvalueforcompanies-atleastwhentheyareprosecutedforcorruption.ThelargestfirmsinAm

31、ericaandBritaintogetherspendmorethan$15billionayearonCSR,accordingtoanestimatebyEPG,aconsultingfirm.Thiscouldaddvaluetotheirbusinessesinthreeways.First,consumersmaytakeCSRspendingasa“signal”thatacompanysproductsareofhighquality.Second,customersmaybewillingtobuyacompanysproductsasanindirectwaytodonatetothegoodcausesithelps.Andthird,throughamorediffuse“haloeffect,”wherebyitsgooddeedsearnitgreaterconsiderationfromconsumersandothers.PreviousstudiesonCSRhavehadtroubledifferentiatingth