《欧洲文化入门》试题及内容归纳.docx

1、欧洲文化入门试题及内容归纳欧洲文化入门 I. Choose the most appropriate one for the following blanks. 1 . Two major elements in European culture are _. A. the Greek and Roman B. the Judaism and ChristianityC. the Greco-Roman D. A and B2. _ deals with the Troj an War (the Greek states led by Agamemnon in their war agains

2、t the city of Troy ). A. The Odyssey B. The Iliad C. Prometheus Bound D. Persians 3. The play Prometheus Bound was written by _. A. Aeschylus B. Aristophanes C. Euripides D. Sophocles 4. The best writer of comedy of the ancient Greece was _ , who is Father of Comedy. A. Euripides B. Aristophanes C.

3、Sophocles D. Aeschylus 5. _ was one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory. A. Home B. Heracleitue C. Democritus D. Socrates 6, _by Plato is a book about the ideal state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets. A. Dialogues B. The Apology C. The Republic D. Symposium 7. Dante called _ “ the

4、 master of those who know”. A, Aristotle B. Plato C. Socrates D. Archimedes 8. Euclid is even now well-known for his _. A. Elements B. Poetics C. Ethics D. Politics 9. _ has been a big subj ect for discussion among writers and artists. A, Discus Thrower B, Venus de Milo C, Laocoon group D, Parthenon

5、 1 0. Herodotus , Father of History, wrote about the war between _ . A. Athens and Sparta B. Athens and SyracuseC. Athens and Persians D. Greeks and Persians 11 . It is _ who was the founder of scientific mathematics. A. Heracleitus B. Aristotle C. Socrates D. Pythagoras 1 2. Octavius took supreme p

6、ower as emperor with the title of _ in 27 B. C. .A. Rome B. Augustus C. The Roman Empire D. Pax Romana 1 3. The great epic, The Aeneid, was written by _. A. Lucretius B. Virgil C. Julius Caesar D. Cicero 1 4. The oldest and most important of the Old Testament of 39 books are the first five books, ca

7、lled _. A. Deuteronomy B. Exodus C. the Pentateuch D. Genesis1 5. In _ the Jews were carried away into the Babylonian Captivity(巴比伦之囚). A. 1 69 B. C. B. 586 B. C. C. 536 B. C. D, 721 B. C. 1 6. The most important and influential of English Bible is _, first published in 1 611 . A. The Septuagint B.

8、The Vulgate C. Wycliffs version D. Authorized version 1 7. _ is the oldest extant Greek translation of the Old Testament. A. The Septuagint B. The Vulgate C. Wycliffs version D. Authorized version 1 8. It is generally accepted that _ and Shakespeare are two great reserviors of Modern English. A. the

9、 Bible B. the English Bible C. the New Testament D. the Old Testament 1 9. The Middle Ages is a period in which _ , _ and Gothic heritages merged. A. Greco-Roman, Christianity B. classical, ChristianC. Greek, Roman D. classical, Hebrew 20. The centre of medieval life under feudalism was _. A. knight

10、hood B. the manor C. the Church D. polis 21 . In 1 054, the Christian Church was divided into _ and the Eastern Orthodox Church. A. Christianity B. the Roman Church C. the Roman Catholic Church D. the Western Catholic 22. _ by Aquinas forms an enormous system and sums up all the knowledge of medieva

11、l theology. A. Summa Theologica B. Summa Contra Gentiles C. Opus maius D. Beowulf 23. The Anglo-Saxon epic _ originated from the collective effort of oral literature. A. Song of Roland B. the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. C. Beowulf D. the Divine Comedy 24. Generally speaking, Renaissance refers to the pe

12、riod between _.centuries欧洲文化入门串讲资料第一章1、The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta.2、The economy of Athens rested on(依赖) an immense（无限的）amount of slave labour.3、Olympus mount, Revived in 1896(当代奥运会)4、Ancient Greece(古希腊)s epics was created by Homer.5、They events of Homers own time

13、.(错) （They are not about events ofHomers own time, probably in the period 1200-1100 B.C.）6、The Homers epics consisted of Iliad and Odyssey.7、Agamemnon, Hector, Achilles are in Iliad.8、Odysseus and Penelope are in Odyssey.9、Odyssey(对其作品产生影响)James Joyoes Ulysses(描述一天的生活). In the 20th century.10、Drama

14、in Ancient Greece was floured in the 5th century B.C.11、三大悲剧大师 AeschylusPrometheus Bound模仿式作品 ShellyPrometheus Unbound Sophocles(之首)Oedipus the King Freuds “the Oedipus complex” (恋母情结) David Herbert LawrencesSons and lovers(劳伦斯)447页 EuripidesATrojan WomenBHe is the first writer of “problem plays”(社会

15、问题剧) 在肖伯纳手中达到高潮，属于存在主义戏剧的人物CElizabeth Browning called him “Euripides human”(一个纯粹的人)DRealism can be traced back(追溯到) to the Ancient Greece. To be specific(具体来说), Euripides.12、The only representative of Greek comedy is Aristophanes. 18页Aristophanes writes about nature. 浪漫主义湖畔派（The lakers）华兹华兹(新古典主义代表作

16、家格列夫游记大人国小人国温和的提议用讽刺的写作手法)13、History (Historical writing)史学创作 “Father of History” Herodotus war(between Greeks and Persians) This war is called Peleponicion wars. 博罗奔泥撒，3只是陈述史实，并没有得出理论。 “The greatest historian that ever lived.” (有史以来最伟大的历史学家) Thucydides war (Sparta, Athens and Syracuse)14、The Greek

17、historical writing writes mainly about wars.15、受希腊文化影响的传教士St. Paul.Democritus (Materialism) 16、希腊文化中的哲学被基督教所吸收17、 Euclids Elements解析几何 It was in use in English schools until the early years of the 20th century. (历史地位) Archimedes His work not only in geometry几何学, but also in arithmetic算术, machanics机械

18、, and hydrostatics.流体静力学 选择：Give me a place to stand, and I will move the world.谁的理论（Archimedes）18、Architecture古希腊建筑三大风格templeParthenon帕特农神庙 The Doric style is also called masculine style. (宏伟的)but the Doric style is monotonous and unadorned (单调)is sturdy (坚强的), powerful, severelooking (庄严肃穆) and sh

19、owing a good sense of proportions and numbers. The Ionic styleis also called the feminine style. (阴柔的)is graceful (优雅的) and elegant (优美的).The Ionic style often shows a wealth of ornament. (装饰性) The Corinthian styleis known for its ornamental luxury. (奢侈)19、The famous temples:The Acrpolis at Athens a

20、nd the Parthenon.20、The burning of Corinth in 146 B.C.Marked Roman conquest of Greece.21、The melting between Roman Culture and Greek Culture. (罗马征服希腊的标志)22、From 146 B.C., Latin was the language of the western half of the Roman Empire. Greek that of the eastern half.23、Both Latin and Greek belong to

21、Indo-European language.24、The Roman writer Horace said “captive Greece took her rude conqueror captive”.25、The dividing range(分水岭) in the Roman history refers to 27 B.C.26、The year 27 B.C. Divided the Roman history into two periods: republic and empire.27、The idea of Republic can be traced back to P

22、latos republic.28、The land area of Roman empire reached its climax in 2 to 3 century.29、north: Scotlandeast: Armenia and Mesopotamia30、In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed(保证) by the Roman legions(罗马军团)31、In the Roman history, there came two hundr

23、ed years of peaceful time, which was known as Pax Romana.(神圣罗马帝国)32、名解In the Roman history ,there came two hundred years of peaceful time, which was guaranteed(保证) by the Roman legions, it was known as Pax Romana 33、The Roman Law protected(保护) the rights of plebeians (平民).34、The important contributi

24、on made by the Romans to the European culture was the Roman Law.35、After 395,the empire was divided into East (the Byzantine Empire) and West.36、Cicero西赛罗he legal and political speeches are models of Latin diction拉丁语用词described as Ciceronian.西赛罗式的an enormous influence(巨大影响) on the development of Eur

25、opean prose.(散文)37、Julius Caesarcommentaries批评论“I came, I saw, I conquered.”38、Virgil Aeneid 阿尼德39、The pantheon was built in 27 B.C. The worlds first vast interior space.世界上第一所最大的室内场所40、The Colosseum(大理石像)its an enormous.露天的环形影剧院41、Sculpture(雕塑) She-wolf（母狼）42、The representation form of Greek Democr

26、acy is citizen-assembly.古希腊民主的表现形式43、The embodiment of Greek democracy is citizen-assembly. 古希腊民主的具体形式 论述简答 一、What is the limitation of “Democracy” in ancient Greece?(名解简答)(How do you understand “Democracy” in ancient Greece? What is the difference between “Democracy” in ancient Greece and modern de

27、mocracy?)答： Democracy means “exercise of power by the whole people”, but in Greece by “the whole people” the Greeks meant only the adult male citizens. Women, children, foreigners and slaves were excluded from Democracy. 二、How did the Greek Culture originate and develop?答： Probably around 1200 B.C.,

28、 a war was fought between Greece and troy. This is the war that Homer refers to in his epics. Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5th century B.C. A. The successful repulse of the Persian invasion (入侵) early in the 5th century. B. The establishment of democracy. C. The flourishi

29、ng (蒸蒸日上的) of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens. The 5th century closed with civil war between Athens and Sparta. In the second half of the 4th century B.C., Greece was conquered by Alexander, king of Macedon. Whenever he went and conquered, whenever Greek culture

30、 was found. Melting between Greek culture and Roman culture in 146 B.C., the Romans conquered Greece. 三、How did the Ancient Greek philosophy develop?答：(1)、Three founders1、Pythagoras All things were numbers. Scientific mathematics. Theory of proportion.比例的理论2、Heracleitue Fire is the primary(主要的) elements of the universe.火是万物之源 The theory of the mingling of opposites produced harmony.矛盾的对立统一3、Democritus the atomic theory.第一个原子理论开拓者 materialism.唯物主义(2)、Three thinkers1、Socrates He hadnt works. We can know him from Platos di