人教新课标知识点总复习必修五Unit1doc.docx

1、人教新课标知识点总复习必修五Unit1doc必修 5 Unit 1 Greatscientists1.characteristic.特色；特性；典型a或特有的，表示特性 的；典型的Kindness is one of his characteristics.和善是他的特性之一。A characteristic of the camel is its ability tolive for a long time without water.骆驼的一个特点是不喝水 也能活很长时间。易混辨析character/characteristic character 性格，品 质（本身具有的）；角色, 人物

2、；字体，字符表示“性格；特点”, 一般是不可数名词；characteristic n.特点，特征（用以区别于其他事物的）是可数名词，常用复数形式，表示“总的特点”。He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his wasseen at its best when he worked with others.(B)A.characteristicB.characterC.appearanceD.temper他证明自己是个真正的 绅士，和别人一起工作的 时候，他的性格总表现出 最好的一面。2.defeatvt.击败；打败；使（计划、

3、希望）落空Our team defeated our opponent by 5:0.我们队以五比零的比分战 胜了对手。He was defeated in hisplan.他的计划失败了。易混辨析d efeat/c onquer/overcome三个词都含有“战胜”、“击 败”的意思。defeat指“赢得胜利”，尤其 指军事上的胜利，如：defeat the enemy（打败敌A）oconquer指“征服;战胜”, 尤其指获得对人、物或感 情的控制，如：conquer nature （征服自然）。overcome指“战胜；压倒;克服”，尤其指“感情”，如:overcome difficult

4、ies（克服困难）。defeat/beat/win defeat, beat都表示在战斗或竞赛中“战胜，打败（对手）”，后接竞争对手。如：beat thecompetitor/thecountry/the team 打败对手/国家/团队win也表示“战胜，赢得”，但 它的宾语通常是比赛、战 争、奖品或表示尊重、崇 拜之类意义的词。如：win a race/a battle/a war/a scholarship/a prize/amedal/success/friendsh ip/reward赢得比赛/战役/战争/奖学金/奖品/奖章/ 成功/友谊/奖赏 选词填空(be a t/d ef ea

5、t/c o n q u e r/ win) Some countries may be but cannever be. Who is the drum? He thefirst prize in the writing contest.%1defeated;conquered%1beating won3.attendto连用）=do with；出席；到场；照看；照料=take care of=look after 常用结构：attend school/college上学/上大学attend a lecture/meeting听讲座/出席会议attend a wedding/ceremony

6、出 席婚礼/参加典礼 attendance n. 出席； 出席的人数；伺候；照料Well attend to the problem later.（处理）attend to ones advice（听取）attend to a customer（接待或招呼）Which doctor is attending you?哪个医生为你看病？4.exposevt暴露；揭露；使曝光, 常与介词to连用，表示“使 暴露于(日光、风雨等)； 受到风险；使面临”。常用结构：expose sth./sb./oneself(to .)显露或暴露于be exposed to 暴露于Dont expose it to

7、 therain/wind.（别让它被雨淋/风吹。）The soldiers in the open field (are exposed to) the enemys fire.空地里的士兵暴露于敌 人的火力之下。用expose的适当形式填空In summer, the sun can be very harmful to your skin.The soil was washed away by the flood, bare rock. being exposed to exposing5.curevt. & n.治愈，治疗； 常用于“cure sb. of”结构中The doctor

8、cured her of a bad cold.医生治好了她的重感冒。It is possible to cure the sickness.治愈这种疾病是可能的。易混辨析 cure/treat/heal/recovercure意为“治疗；治愈”， 多用于指药物治疗并治愈 某种疾病或改正不良习 气。treat为日常用语，意为“治 疗；医治”，指治疗病人的 全过程或活动。heal意为“治愈(伤口)； 医治”，指治好外伤或烧伤 后的部位，使伤口愈合， 不用于指治疗感冒等疾 病。recover意为“痊愈,复原”， 主要是指从病中痊愈了， 常与from连用。That pill ( cured ) my

9、 headache.That will (cure ) him of his bad habits.There are only two doctors to (treat) more than 50 patients.The wound on my arm has (healed).Hes now fully (recovered) from his bad cold.6.absorbvt吸收；吸引；吸收（液 体，气体，光，声等）； 汲取，理解（知识等）； 使全神贯注；吸引（注意 等）,后常接介词in/by； 合并（公司等）；吞并； 常接介词into；承受；经受。 联想拓展absorbed

10、adj.精神集中的absorbing adj. 十 分吸引人的absorb from sth.从中吸收be absorbed in专心于，全神贯注于Cotton gloves absorb sweat. 棉手套吸汗。So many good ideas!Its too much for me to absorb all at once.这么多好主意！我很难一 下子完全吸收。The old man was completely absorbed in the book.老人全神贯注地读这本 书。The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into

11、 the city.四周的小城镇已并入到这 座城市中。那个人因为看报纸太入 神而撞到了墙上。Deeply in the newspaper, the man walked into a wall, (absorbed)7.blamevt.责备；谴责；归咎于n.责怪；（过失、过错等） 责任常用结构：blame sb. for (doing)sth.因（做）某事而指责某 人blame sth. on sb.因某事而指责某人sb. be to blame for（doing） sth.因（做）某事某人应受到 谴责（无被动形式）The student blamed the teacher for hi

12、s failure.学生因失败而（责怪）老师。Who is (to blame) for the failure?谁该为这次的失败负责？单项填空We all feel it is Jack as well as his children that for their bad performance at school. A. are to blame B.is to be blamedC. are to be blamed D.is to blame (D)8.linkvt.连接；联系n.环；连接；联系；纽世常用结构：link .to/with将和连接/联系起来link up 连接起来The

13、highway links Shanghai to/with Beijing.Your story links up with his.你所说的和他所说的能联 系起来。Old friends are a link with the past.老朋友是连接往事的纽地巾O易混辨析join/connect/combine/u nitejoin指的是任何事物的直接连接，连接的程度可紧可松，含有“还能分开”之o常用结构join .to, join upoconnect指的是通过某种 媒介物把事物连接起来， 事物的特征还保持着，常 表示与技术有关的连接以 及火车、飞机等实行联运。 常用结构connect

14、with/to。combine着重指两个或两 个以上的人或事物为了共 同的目的而结合在一起， 结合后原来的部分可能仍 不改变，但也可能失去其 本性，常用结构combine with。unite强调紧密地结合成一 体，含极难分开之意，常用结构unite .withoPlease ( join ) this pole to that one.请把这根竿子和那根竿子 接起来。This flight (connects) with New York one.这班飞机在纽约可接上另 一趟航班。We should (combine) theory with practice. 我们应该理论联系实际。翻译句

15、子这两个城镇由一条铁路 连接起来。(The two towns are linked/connected by arailway.)重点短语9.put forward提出（意见、建议）；推荐; 提名；将表拨快He put forward a better plan.他提出了一个更好的计 划。Can I put you/your name forward for golf club secretary?我推荐你（提名让你）担 任高尔夫球俱乐部的秘书 好吗？联想拓展put in 打断；插嘴；进港put off 推迟；延期put on 穿；上演put away 放好put down 写下put on

16、 weight 发福；长 胖put out 生产；扑灭put up 举起；张贴；供给住宿put back 放回，送回10.look into调查；了解；研究；朝里面看联想拓展lookaround/round/about环顾四周八、回头看look after顾；照料look back look back to/upon/on回顾；回想look down upon俯视；轻视look for 寻求；寻找look forward to 盼望look on 旁观look on/upon.as把.看作look out往外看；注意；当心look through 透过看；浏览look叩 抬头看；查阅单项填空I

17、n other words I should not watch TV, or your shoulder at other people while we are talking together. (D)A.look outB.look intoC.look atD.look overlook out向夕卜看；look into 调查；look at看； look over从 上看过去。11.apart from 除之外；脱离开；此外=besides; except forApart from a few faults, he is a trustworthy teacher.除了少数的几

18、个缺点外， 他是个值得信赖的老师。Apart from being too large, the trousers dont suit me.除了太长，这条裤子的款 式也不适合我。易混辨析apart from/except for/except/besides/but for/in addition to/except thatapart from表 示“除外（别无）”时相 当于besides和except for 另夕卜，apart from, except for都可用于句首，但 except不能。except除 ”（不包括其后的宾语），besides“除 了还”（包括其后的宾 语）o另夕

19、卜，besides还可 以作副词，表示“并且，而 且”。but for表示“如果不是由 于 ”之意（=lfitwerenot for.或If it had not been for.）。in addition to=besides,表示“除 之外，还有”（包括除去内容在内）。except that后面跟句子,用来表示理由或细节。(1)单项填空English, the speaker also has a good command of Russian and French. ( D )A. Except B.Except forC. Beside D.Apart from(2)用apart f

20、rom/except for/except/except that/besides 填空We go there every day Monday.He is a good man his bad temper.Your article is good _ there are some spelling mistakes.%1the cost, it will take a lot of time.%1that, everything goes well. except except for/apart from except that Apart from/Besides Apart from

21、/Except for12.make sense讲得通；有道理；有意义（反义词：make no sense）Your story doesntmake sense to me.你编的故事我听不明白。It makes good sense to take good care of your health.照顾好你的身体是明智 的。联想拓展 lose/recover ones sense=be out of onessense失去/恢复知觉;丧失/恢复理智bring sb. to ones sense 使某人苏醒过来come to one5s sense 苏醒过来make sense of理解；明

22、白从任何绝不make no sense 有道理；没有意义 in a/one sense 某种意义来说 in all sense 意义上说 in no sense是；绝非There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没有道 理。重点句型13.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.每次暴发（霍乱）时，都 有大批惊恐的老百姓死 去。every time引导的是一个时间状语从句，“每当”,相当于“when”。类似的时间状语归纳：each time每次；每当 any/n

23、ext/the first/the last time意为“任何/下一次/第一次/最后一次”。the moment, the minute, the instant, the second, immediately, directly,instantly等都可以引导时 间状语从句，意为“一. 就”。She went to see him directly she got the letter.她一收到信就去看他了。Immediately the meal was over, he switched on the radio.一吃完饭他就把收音机打 开了。She came to the scen

24、e the moment she heard of the accident.她一听说发生了事故，就立刻赶到 了现场。The last time we talked he said he needed another two days.上次我们谈话时他说他还 需要两天。14.He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it. 他把太阳固定在太阳系的 中心位置上，而行星则围 绕着太阳转 “with+宾语h宾语补足语 (v.+ing/v.+ed/to d o/adjJadv

25、./prep.phrases)”构成的复合结 构在句中常用作状语，表 示方式，原因或条件等。With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest.She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face.她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着 脸颊流下来。翻译句子老师微笑着走进教室，身后跟着一群小朋友。With a group of children (following), the teacher came into the classroom with smile.随着考试的结束，我们的 假期开始了。With the test (finished), we began our holiday.With so many problems (to solve), the newly elected presidentwill have a hard time.