数字图像处理实验实验三.docx

1、数字图像处理实验实验三 报告内容：（目的和要求、原理、步骤、数据、计算、小结等）实验三 静态图像的DCT变换一、 实验目的1、 了解DCT和IDCT的概念。2、 了解DSP的EDMA技术3、 了解DSP的中断技术。4、 了解SDRM在静态数据采集中的作用。5、 了解DSK板上用户自定义开关的使用。6、 了解DSP和FPGA在视频数据采集中的同步原理。二、 实验设备 计算机、6711DSK、视频板、CCS软件、Webpack软件三、 实验原理本实验有视频采集卡上的FPGA和DSK共同完成对摄入图像进行DCT变换。DCT、IDCT广泛应用于各种视频压缩标准中，它充分利用了图像数据的空间相关性来实现

2、数据压缩。DCT、IDCT变换本身是无损的，只是由于有限精度的原因才回有精度上的损失。采集下来的图像首先放到SDRAM中DSP处理流程为：首先进行图像采集，并由FPGA控制存入到SDRAM中。当用户按下按钮SW2的USER_SW1位按钮后，开始进行图像的模糊处理。变换完成后用EDMA将处理的结果送给视频板的SDRAM，并由FPGA控制视频信号数据从SDRAM同步送给AL250，完成显示功能。四、 实验步骤1、 有关DCT变换的基础知识2、 连接好摄相头、视频卡、FPGA下载电缆、6711DSK并口仿真电缆，上电。3、 下载FPGA程序。选择下载文件“expexp5”目录下的“scapture.

3、bit”4、 下载完成后，连接DSK的并口电缆和计算机的并口，双击“C6711 DSK CCS”图标。进入CCS软件开发环境。打开“expexp5”的“Video.out”文件，并运行。5、 程序运行后按下视频板的复位按钮S2完成图像的静态采集。6、 图像采集好后，按下DSK板上的SW2的USER_SW1位按钮，DSP开始进行边缘提取，完成后，自动显示处理的结果。此时显示器的图像将会出现进行过DCT和反IDCT后的图像，尽管在显示屏上没有明显的变换，但是DCT反IDCT后的图像依然具有一定的图像丢失。7、 如果要继续采集和处理新的图像，拨回DSK板上的SW2的USER_SW1位按钮重复步骤5和

4、6。8、 完成这个实验的实验报告。五、源程序清单 #define EMIF_CE1 0x01800004#define Get_Switches (*(int *)0x9008000024) & 0x07)#define LED1_on *(int *)0x90080000 = 0x0E000000#define LED2_on *(int *)0x90080000 = 0x0D000000#define LED3_on *(int *)0x90080000 = 0x0B000000#define LEDs_off *(int *)0x90080000 = 0x07000000extern c

5、register volatile unsigned int CSR;extern cregister volatile unsigned int IER;int Dct( unsigned char *block, short *coeff);int Idct(short *coeff,unsigned char *block);int *OPT_6, *SRC_6, *count_6, *DST_6, *index_6, *link_6, *OPT_reload_6, *SRC_reload_6, *count_reload_6, *DST_reload_6, *index_reload_

6、6, *link_reload_6, *EER, *ESR, *ECR; int *CIER=(int *)0x01A0FFE8;int *CIPR=(int *)0x01A0FFE4; short capture_flag=0;short line=0;short data_ready=0;short process_finish=0;#include void main() int a; unsigned char data64; short data_dct64; short data_dct_164; short flag; int *p,*r; short *q; short k,h

7、1,h2; int i1,j1; int dct_flag=0; int *sw; int *SDRAM_control, *ER, *OPT_7, *SRC_7, *count_7, *DST_7, *index_7, *link_7, *OPT_reload_7, *SRC_reload_7, *count_reload_7, *DST_reload_7, *index_reload_7, *link_reload_7; p=(int *)0xa0000018; r=(int *)0xb0000014; q=(short *)0x80000000; data0=0x8080; *(int

8、*)EMIF_CE1 = 0xFFFFFF23;/CE1 设置成32位模式 CSR=CSR|1; /在CPU CORE寄存器中把外部中断使能 IER=0x00000122; *ECR|=0x000000C0; *CIER=0x00000040; ECR=(int *)0x01A0FFF8; ER=(int *)0x01A0FFF0; EER=(int *)0x01A0FFF4; ESR=(int *)0x01A0FFFC; OPT_6=(int *)0x01A00090; SRC_6=(int *)0x01A00094; count_6=(int *)0x01A00098; DST_6=(in

9、t *)0x01A0009c; index_6=(int *)0x01A000A0; link_6=(int *)0x01A000A4; OPT_reload_6=(int *)0x01A00210; SRC_reload_6=(int *)0x01A00214; count_reload_6=(int *)0x01A00218; DST_reload_6=(int *)0x01A0021C; index_reload_6=(int *)0x01A00220; link_reload_6=(int *)0x01A00224; OPT_7=(int *)0x01A000A8; SRC_7=(in

10、t *)0x01A000AC; count_7=(int *)0x01A000B0; DST_7=(int *)0x01A000B4; index_7=(int *)0x01A000B8; link_7=(int *)0x01A000BC; OPT_reload_7=(int *)0x01A00630; SRC_reload_7=(int *)0x01A00634; count_reload_7=(int *)0x01A00638; DST_reload_7=(int *)0x01A0063c; index_reload_7=(int *)0x01A00640; link_reload_7=(

11、int *)0x01A00644; *EER=0x0000000C0; /EDMA通道6和通道7的使能打开 /具体配置EDMA通道6的寄存器参数,要注意这里采用了link的技术:即EDMA完成一帧/的数据搬移后,利用link机制,把参数，表重新载入,自动进行后续的搬移,这对于图像的显示 /来说是非常必要的 *OPT_6=0x49160003; *SRC_6=0x80000000; *count_6=0x027002D0;/origin *DST_6=0xb0000014; *index_6=0x06C00002; *link_6=0x00000210; *OPT_reload_6=0x4916

12、0003; /具体配置EDMA通道6的重新载入的参数 *SRC_reload_6=0x80000000; *count_reload_6=0x027002D0;/origin *DST_reload_6=0xb0000014; *index_reload_6=0x06C00002; *link_reload_6=0x00000210; *OPT_7=0x48200003; /具体配置EDMA通道7的寄存器参数 *SRC_7=0xa0000018; *count_7=0x027002D0;/origin *DST_7=0x80000000;/origin *index_7=0x03600001;

13、 *link_7=0x00000630; *OPT_reload_7=0x48200003; /具体配置EDMA通道6的重新载入的参数 *SRC_reload_7=0xa0000018; *count_reload_7=0x027002D0;/origin *DST_reload_7=0x80000000;/origin *index_reload_7=0x00000000; *link_reload_7=0x00000630; *(int *)0x01800010=0x00000010; *(int *)0x01800014=0x00000010; a=*(int *)0x90080000;

14、/第二个十六进制数控制开关,0表示按下去 sw=(int *)0x90080000; for(;) if(data_ready) if(Get_Switches=0x00000006)/*aa&0x0f000000=0x0e000000) for (j1=0;j178;j1+) for (i1=0;i190;i1+) /对亮度进行处理 for (h1=0;h18;h1+) for (h2=0;h28;h2+) datah2+h1*8=*(unsigned char *)(0x80000000+j1*720*8*2+i1*8*2+h2*2+h1*720*2); Dct(data,data_dct

15、_1); Idct(data_dct_1,data); for (h1=0;h18;h1+) for (h2=0;h28;h2+) *(unsigned char *)(0x80000000+j1*720*8*2+i1*8*2+h2*2+h1*720*2) =datah2+h1*8; *OPT_6=0x49160003; *SRC_6=0x80000000; *count_6=0x027002D0;/origin *DST_6=0xb0000014; *index_6=0x06C00002; *link_6=0x00000210; *OPT_reload_6=0x49160003; /具体配置

16、EDMA通道6的重新载入的参数 *SRC_reload_6=0x80000000; *count_reload_6=0x027002D0;/origin *DST_reload_6=0xb0000014; *index_reload_6=0x06C00002; *link_reload_6=0x00000210; *(int *)0x90080000=0x08000000; data_ready=0; /*interrupt void VS_isr() /*(int *)0x90080000=0x07000000; */interrupt void EDMA_finish_isr() *(un

17、signed volatile int *)CIPR |= 0x00000040; data_ready=1; *(int *)0x90080000=0x07000000; int Dct( unsigned char *block, short *coeff) int j1, i, j, k; float b8; float b18; float d88; float f0=(float).7071068; float f1=(float).4903926; float f2=(float).4619398; float f3=(float).4157348; float f4=(float

18、).3535534; float f5=(float).2777851; float f6=(float).1913417; float f7=(float).0975452; for (i = 0, k = 0; i 8; i+, k += 8) for (j = 0; j 8; j+) bj = (float)blockk+j; /* Horizontal transform */ for (j = 0; j 4; j+) j1 = 7 - j; b1j = bj + bj1; b1j1 = bj - bj1; b0 = b10 + b13; b1 = b11 + b12; b2 = b1

19、1 - b12; b3 = b10 - b13; b4 = b14; b5 = (b16 - b15) * f0; b6 = (b16 + b15) * f0; b7 = b17; di0 = (b0 + b1) * f4; di4 = (b0 - b1) * f4; di2 = b2 * f6 + b3 * f2; di6 = b3 * f6 - b2 * f2; b14 = b4 + b5; b17 = b7 + b6; b15 = b4 - b5; b16 = b7 - b6; di1 = b14 * f7 + b17 * f1; di5 = b15 * f3 + b16 * f5; d

20、i7 = b17 * f7 - b14 * f1; di3 = b16 * f3 - b15 * f5; for (i = 0; i 8; i+) for (j = 0; j 4; j+) j1 = 7 - j; b1j = dji + dj1i; b1j1 = dji - dj1i; b0 = b10 + b13; b1 = b11 + b12; b2 = b11 - b12; b3 = b10 - b13; b4 = b14; b5 = (b16 - b15) * f0; b6 = (b16 + b15) * f0; b7 = b17; d0i = (b0 + b1) * f4; d4i

21、= (b0 - b1) * f4; d2i = b2 * f6 + b3 * f2; d6i = b3 * f6 - b2 * f2; b14 = b4 + b5; b17 = b7 + b6; b15 = b4 - b5; b16 = b7 - b6; d1i = b14 * f7 + b17 * f1; d5i = b15 * f3 + b16 * f5; d7i = b17 * f7 - b14 * f1; d3i = b16 * f3 - b15 * f5; for (i = 0; i 8; i+) for (j = 0; j 8; j+) *(coeff+j*8+i) =(short

22、) dij; return 0;int Idct(short *coeff,unsigned char *block) int j1, i, j; float b8, b18, d88; float f0=.7071068; float f1=.4903926; float f2=.4619398; float f3=.4157348; float f4=.3535534; float f5=.2777851; float f6=.1913417; float f7=.0975452; float e, f, g, h; /* Horizontal */ /* Descan coefficie

23、nts first */ for (i = 0; i 8; i+) for (j = 0; j 8; j+) bj = *( coeff + j*8+i); e = b1 * f7 - b7 * f1; h = b7 * f7 + b1 * f1; f = b5 * f3 - b3 * f5; g = b3 * f3 + b5 * f5; b10 = (b0 + b4) * f4; b11 = (b0 - b4) * f4; b12 = b2 * f6 - b6 * f2; b13 = b6 * f6 + b2 * f2; b4 = e + f; b15 = e - f; b16 = h -

24、g; b7 = h + g; b5 = (b16 - b15) * f0; b6 = (b16 + b15) * f0; b0 = b10 + b13; b1 = b11 + b12; b2 = b11 - b12; b3 = b10 - b13; for (j = 0; j 4; j+) j1 = 7 - j; dij = bj + bj1; dij1 = bj - bj1; for (i = 0; i 8; i+) for (j = 0; j 8; j+) bj = dji; e = b1 * f7 - b7 * f1; h = b7 * f7 + b1 * f1; f = b5 * f3

25、 - b3 * f5; g = b3 * f3 + b5 * f5; b10 = (b0 + b4) * f4; b11 = (b0 - b4) * f4; b12 = b2 * f6 - b6 * f2; b13 = b6 * f6 + b2 * f2; b4 = e + f; b15 = e - f; b16 = h - g; b7 = h + g; b5 = (b16 - b15) * f0; b6 = (b16 + b15) * f0; b0 = b10 + b13; b1 = b11 + b12; b2 = b11 - b12; b3 = b10 - b13; for (j = 0;

26、 j 4; j+) j1 = 7 - j; dji = bj + bj1; dj1i = bj - bj1; for (i = 0; i 8; i+) for (j = 0; j 8; j+) *(block + i * 8 + j) = (unsigned char)(dij); return 0; 六、实验出现的问题、实验结果分析 在运行程序前，要先下载FPGA程序，但是在下载时经常下载失败，解决方法是重新开始下载，多试几次，不然可以通过重启主机，检查各个接口是否接好。有时也可能是下载线有问题。电脑主机重启后将COMS中的I/O CONFIGRATION 设置为EPP，则CCS软件会打不开。似乎每次实验都有这样的问题，所以才更需要注意。只有在对整个过程熟练后，才能保证每一步都准确无误。DCT、IDCT变换充分利用了图像数据的空间相关性来实现数据压缩用A口和B口。七、实验小结和思考 通过本次实验，我们了解DSP的EDMA技术，了解DSP的中断技术；对SDRM在静态数据采集中的作用有了一定的熟悉。 DCT变换实验说明DCT、IDCT变换本身是无损的，只是由于有限精度的原因才回有精度上的损失。