2019年 上海高三英语二模-6选4 有答案Word格式.docx

1、E. But it can drive up real estate prices and displace low- and middle income residents.F. Environmental gentrification naturalizes the disappearance of manufacturing and the working class.Sustainable Cities Need More Than Parks, Cafes and a Riverwalk There are many standards that aim to rank how gr

2、een cities are. But what does it actually mean for a city to be green or sustainable? Weve written about what we call the “Parks, cages and a Riverwalk” model of sustainability, which focuses on providing new green spaces, mainly for high-income people. This vision of shiny residential towers and wa

3、terfront parks has become a widely-shared conception of what green cities should look like. 67 Gentrification （住宅高档化）has become a catch-all term used to describe neighborhood change, and is often misunderstood as the only path to neighborhood improvement. In fact, its defining feature is displacemen

4、t. Typically, people who move into these changing neighborhoods are wealthier and more educated than residents who are displaced. A recent flood of new research has focused on the displacement effects of environmental cleanup and green space initiatives. 68 Land for new development and resources to

5、fund extensive cleanup of poisonous sites are scarce in many cities, 69 And in neighborhoods where gentrification has already begun, a new park or farmers market can worsen the problem by making the area even more attractive to potential high-income people and pricing out long-term residents. In som

6、e cases, developers even create temporary community gardens or farmers markets or promise more green space than they eventually deliver, in order to market a neighborhood to buyers looking for green pleasantness. 70 It makes deindustrialization seem both inevitable and desirable, often by quite lite

7、rally replacing industry with more natural-looking landscapes. When these neighborhoods are finally cleaned up, after years of activism by longtime residents, those advocates often are unable to stay and enjoy the benefits of their efforts.暂时无答案2019嘉定二模A. We believe it offers a way to receive suppor

8、t that is often lacking.B. The mentoring program was launched in 2013 in one of the police forces in England and Wales.C. Formal mentoring programs provide an opportunity to encourage the discussion of difficult and sensitive topics.D. However, what we are wondering is why mentoring has such great i

9、mpact on mentors as well as mentees.E. Mentors heard their mentees accounts of anxicty and realized these feelings - which they also shared - were common.F. We know far less, however about how mentoring might benefit mentors themselves. Decades of research has demonstrated how junior employees benef

10、it from being mentored（指导）. Guidance from senior colleagues has also been shown to enhance mentees job performance and satisfaction. _67_ We were especially interested in understanding how mentoring might help mentors who work in stressful occupations. Mental health is a growing concern within occup

11、ations that play important social roles, such as medical professionals, firefighters, and police officers. And because policing is one of the most stressful occupations, with high levels of mental health and well-being difficulties, we conducted a study of a formal mentoring program in an English po

12、lice force. _68_ It was designed to support the development of junior officers by giving them a way to discuss concerns and receive guidance. Our study involved two parts. First, we conducted a field experiment: we compared the mental health of 17 mentor-mentee pairs to a control group of 18 pairs o

13、f senior and junior officers that did not participate in the program. Second, we interviewed both the mentees and their mentors separately. Our experiment results showed that people who served as mentors experienced lower levels of anxiety, and described their job as more meaningful, than those who

14、did not mentor. We learned from our interviews that mentoring afforded senior officers, as well as junior officers, a chance to discuss and reflect on concerns. _69_By acknowledging that these anxieties were common, both mentees and mentors grew more comfortable in discussing them and in sharing dif

15、ferent coping mechanisms. Why does mentoring have this impact on mentors? _70_despite the pressures that comes with their roles - including abuse, difficult decision making, and the risk of death - police officers tend not to seek support from other officers, including more senior colleagues. This i

16、s to avoid negative stigma, a shameful reputation, associated with meatal health disorders. Mentoring thereby offered a way to build trust within a relationship that laid a foundation for open and honest communication of sensitive topics.67. F 68. B 69. F 70. A 2019-长宁二模A.However, EVAs dont just hap

17、pen in empty space.B.It sticks to everything, eventually causing joints and seals to fail.C.Spacesuits also have to maintain ideal air pressure during a spacewalk.D.Unfortunately, most people have no idea about space exploration or spacesuits.E.Without the ability to work in space, we are unable to

18、keep our space programs functional.F.There are a few things that must be taken into account to make an EVA both safe and effective.Spacewalk!Most people dont know that the anniversary of an important event in space exploration occurred last month. On March 18, 1965, spaceman AIeksi Leonov became the

19、 first human to complete an Extra Vehicular Activity （EVA） or spacewalk. It marked the first time that a human was able to leave a spacecraft and operate in the emptiness of space. It is a dangerous procedure, but one that is vital for the success of manned space missions._67_ In space, a spacesuit

20、must protect people from extreme cold and heat, provide air to breathe, and remove extra carbon dioxide. _68_ Too much of it, and the spacesuit becomes firm and difficult to move in. Too little of it, and astronauts can become dangerously sick after returning to their spacecraft.Astronauts now perfo

21、rm complex jobs in the emptiness of space in modern spacesuits. They have logged many hours repairing and upgrading equipment on satellites during EVAs. _69_. On July 20th, 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon for the first time. There is no atmosphere on the moon, but there

22、is gravity about 17 percent of Earths, which means Neil needed a special suit for walking on the moons surface. Suits for the moon are equipped for exploration boots far from any vehicles, including tough boots that can resist cuts from the rough surface while walking. But sharp rocks werent the onl

23、y danger to astronauts. The moon surface is covered with a fine and flour-like dust which consists of small particles （颗粒） left over from the numerous meteorite（陨石） strikes on the moon. _70_ When astronauts would leave the moons gravity, the dust on their suits began floating all over. It got into d

24、elicate equipment inside the spacecraft and the astronauts eyes and lungs. As different space agencies plan for returning people to the moon, new EVA suit designs will have to take something else into account. Keeping astronauts safe also means keeping their suits clean. 67-70 FCAB 2019杨浦二模A. Howeve

25、r, mothers and fathers shouldnt force their kids to go outside or use it as a type of punishment.B. In turn, this aids in the development of confidence and overall good health.C. Recent studies focus not so much on what is lost when nature experience fades, but on what is gained through more exposur

26、e to natural settingsD. He acknowledges that NDD is mostly a metaphor for a lifestyle lacking in contact with nature.E. Schools that use outdoor classrooms and other forms of experiential education produce significant student gains in science, language and math.F. Experts believe that problems such

27、as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （注意力缺乏多动症） can be relieved through contact with nature. Losing Touch with Nature May Make You SickFor something thats not actually a recognized medical condition, Nature-Deficit Disorder （NDD） has gotten a lot of attention since it was first coined in 2005

28、. Writer Richard Louv came up with the term in his book, Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder. _67_ Louv explained that children who play outside often are less likely to become ill, stressed, or aggressive compared to those who watch a lot of television and spen

29、d most of their free time indoors. Indeed, studies appear to back up that claim by noting that children who spend a significant amount of time outdoors tend to have better mental and physical health. _68_ Nevertheless, they may be worsened by staying inside watching TV, playing video games, or being

30、 glued to a smartphone. Whats more, research also suggests that getting a nature fix can help boost the immune system. According to Louv, the effects of NDD can be lessened or even reversed by making sure parents encourage their kids to enjoy playing outdoors as much as they can. _69_ Rather, they should lead by example, spending time with them in the park, at the beach, camping, and doing other activities, Louv said. He added