浅析建筑工程施工质量研究管理.docx

1、浅析建筑工程施工质量研究管理浅析建筑工程施工质量研究管理【摘要】建筑工程质量直接关系着广大人民的生命财产安全，然而近年来由于建筑市场管理混乱，造成大批建筑出现严重的质量问题。通过对影响建筑工程施工质量因素以及当前存在的主要问题的分析，介绍了施工质量管理的基本原则，并在此基础上提出了建筑工程施工质量管理措施，对于保证建筑工程质量的提高，确保人们的生命财产安全具有重要的现实意义。【 abstract 】 construction engineering quality directly related to the masses of the peoples life and property s

2、ecurity, in recent years because of the construction market management chaos, however, large Numbers of buildings appear serious quality problem. Based on factors influencing the construction engineering construction quality and the analysis of the current main problems of construction quality manag

3、ement is introduced the basic principle, and based on this, advances the construction engineering construction quality management measures, to ensure the quality of construction projects, to ensure the safety of the people life and property have important practical significance.【关键词】建筑工程；施工质量；管理【 ke

4、y words 】 building engineering; Construction quality; management1 引言1 introduction建筑物是产品，但不等同于一般产品，因为建筑工程质量的好坏不仅影响到施工企业、建设单位的长远发展，而且直接关系到人类的生命安全。然而近年来由于建筑市场管理混乱等原因，造成一些建筑工程不能按照设计图纸施工，施工质量不能符合相关技术规范，造成了大批建筑出现严重的质量问题。特别是汶川地震等自然灾害发生以后，建筑工程的质量问题立刻凸显出来，相当一部分建筑出现了开裂、倒塌，从而造成了重大的经济损失和人员伤亡，因此现阶段必须加强建筑工程的施工质量

5、管理，从根本上消除质量隐患，确保工程质量的提高。Building is the product, but is not the same as general product, because construction engineering quality stand or fall not only influence the long-term development of the construction enterprises, construction units, and is directly related to humans life. However because bu

6、ild the reason such as the market management chaos in recent years, due to some construction projects not in accordance with the construction design drawings, construction quality cant conform to the relevant technical specifications, caused a large number of buildings appear serious quality problem

7、. Especially after the wenchuan earthquake and other natural disasters, architectural engineering quality problems immediately stand out, quite a number of buildings in the cracks, collapse, causing great economic losses and casualties, so must strengthen the construction of construction engineering

8、 quality management at present stage, eliminate fundamentally the quality hidden danger, ensure engineering quality.2 影响建筑工程施工质量的因素Two factors affecting the quality of building engineering construction影响建筑工程施工质量的因素很多，其中包括结构的设计、建筑材料、机械设备、场地环境、施工工艺、管理制度等。There are many factors affecting the quality of

9、 building engineering construction, including structure design, building materials, machinery equipment, site environment, construction technology and management system, etc.2.1 建筑结构设计2.1 building structure design为了赶时髦，求新颖，许多建筑工程的结构设计只重视外部美观，造成建筑结构受力不合理，而且不方便施工。In order to follow the fashion, novel,

10、 many of the construction engineering structure design attaches great importance to the external beauty, only cause building structure is not reasonable, and it is not convenient for construction.2.2 建筑材料2.2 building materials土建工程中所用的水泥、砂、石、木材、金属、沥青、合成树脂、塑料等统称为建筑材料，建筑材料是建筑工程质量的基础，直接影响着建筑质量的好坏。Used i

11、n civil engineering of cement, sand, stone, wood, metal, asphalt, synthetic resin, plastic and so on are collectively referred to as construction materials, construction materials is the basis of the construction quality, directly affects the construction quality.2.3 机械设备2.3 mechanical equipment机械设备

12、正常的磨损或故障、不按规程的操作、仪表失灵检测设备精度失控等，都会引起系统性因素的质量变异，造成建筑工程的质量事故。Mechanical equipment of normal wear or failure, not according to the rules of operation, precision instrument malfunction detection equipment is out of control, etc., can cause the quality variation of systemic factors, construction engineeri

13、ng quality accidents.2.4 场地环境2.4 site environment建筑场地及周边的地质条件、气候环境等统称为建筑场地环境。场地环境是影响建筑工程施工质量的重要因素。一般来说场地环境具有复杂而多变的特点，如气象条件就变化万干，温度、湿度、大风、暴雨、酷暑、严寒都直接影响着建筑工程质量。The geological conditions of construction site and the surrounding environment, climate, environment and so on are collectively referred to as

14、 construction site. Site environment is an important factor affecting the quality of building engineering construction. In general field has the characteristics of complex and changeable environment, such as weather conditions can change all dry, temperature, humidity, wind, rain, heat, cold, direct

15、ly affects the construction quality.2.5 施工工艺2.5 construction technology施工工艺是决定工程质量好坏的关键，不同的施工工艺将会导致建筑工程出现不同的施工质量，一般来说，先进、合理、规范化、系统完善的施工工艺不会出现偶然或突发的质量问题，而且能够加快工期，降低成本。Construction technology is the key to determine engineering quality stand or fall, different construction process will lead to differe

16、nt construction engineering construction quality, in general, advanced, reasonable, perfect construction technology standardization, system wont appear the quality problem of the accident or emergency, and to speed up the construction period, reduce the cost.2.6 管理制度2.6 management system管理制度完善与否直接影响

17、建筑工程施工的质量的好坏，严格的施工管理制度对于确保施工质量、加快施工进度、节省成本至关重要。Management system of perfect or not directly affect the quality of building engineering construction, strict construction management system to ensure the construction quality, speed up the construction progress, cost saving is very important.3 建筑工程施工质量管

18、理原则3 construction engineering construction quality management principles要确保建筑工程施工质量的提高，必须坚持与遵循特定的施工质量管理原则，采用一系列检测、监控措施、手段和方法，来确保建筑工程达到合同、规范所规定的质量标准。To ensure construction quality of construction engineering, must insist on and follow the principle of specific construction quality management, adopt a

19、 series of tests, monitor, measure, means and methods, to ensure that construction projects to achieve the quality standards stipulated in the contract and specification.3.1 “质量第一，用户至上”的原则3.1 the principle of quality first, customer supreme在当前竞争激烈的建筑市场，建筑企业若想立于不败之地，就必须坚持“质量第一，用户至上”这一基本原则。把建筑工程的质量放在第

20、一位，时刻为建筑用户的生命财产安全考虑。In the current fierce competition in construction market, construction enterprises want to in an impregnable position, we must adhere to the quality first, customer supreme this basic principle. The architectural engineering quality in the first place, the time for building users

21、 life and property safety.3.2 预防、预控为主的施工理念3.2 prevention and control counter construction idea施工单位在施工过程中，要树立预防、预控为主的施工理念。将考虑的重心从事后检查调整到事前预防、事中控制，避免突发事故的发生。以坚持以预防为主，加强对材料质量、对施工工序、场地环境的监督与检查。Construction units in construction process, to establish prevention and control counter construction idea. Will

22、 consider the weight of the engaged in the inspection after adjustment to the beforehand prevention and control, to prevent sudden accidents. To adhere to prevention, strengthen on the material quality, the construction process and site environment of supervision and inspection.3.3 科学、公正、守法的职业道德3.3

23、scientific, fair and lawful professional ethics无论是建筑施工企业的管理人员、施工单位的技术人员或施工人员，还是监理单位的监理人员，在建筑工程的施工质量管理过程中，都应该严格按照相关的技术规范，从工程的客观实际出发，恪尽职守，尊重科学，遵纪守法，严格自律，秉着科学、公正的工作态度和职业道德，认真做好建筑工程的施工质量管理工作。Whether construction enterprises management personnel, technical personnel and construction personnel, the constr

24、uction units and supervision units of supervision personnel, in the process of construction quality management of construction projects, should be in strict accordance with the relevant technical specifications and starting from the objective reality of engineering, responsibility, respect for scien

25、ce, law-abiding, strict self-discipline, grasp the scientific and impartial working attitude and professional ethics, conscientious and make a good job in construction quality management of construction projects.4 建筑施工质量管理措施4 construction quality management measures4.1 建筑材料的管理4.1 management of build

26、ing materials对于建筑材料的管理，要建立管理台帐，进行收、发、储、运等各环节的技术管理。首先要做好材料的源头控制。挑选具有扎实的专业知识、较高发质量鉴定能力的采购人员负责各种建筑材料的采购，做到详细掌握各个材料生产厂家的详细信息。同时还要做好施工材料的现场管理。提前安排好材料的运送计划及路线，当材料进入施工现场时，要加强检查验收工作，避免混料和将不合格的原材料使用工程上。在施工过程中，还要做好建筑材料的储存工作，提高工地临时仓储的防水、防潮功能。Concerning the management of construction materials, we should establ

27、ish management accounting, and receive, send, store, transport and so on each link of technical management. Has been the material source control. Choose has a solid professional knowledge, high quality appraisal ability of procurement staff responsible for procurement of various building materials,

28、do a detailed master the material manufacturers detailed information. At the same time need to get the field management of construction materials. Arrange delivery plan and material route ahead of time, when the materials enter the construction site, must strengthen the work of examination and accep

29、tance, avoid mixing and the unqualified raw materials used in engineering. In construction process, but also do a good job of building materials store, increase the construction site temporary storage of waterproof, moisture-proof function.4.2 机械设备的管理4.2 management of mechanical equipment机械设备管理的基本任务

30、是：合理装备、安全使用、服务生产，为保证工程质量，加快施工进度，提高生产效益，取良好经济效益创造条件。搞好机械设备管理的基本原则是：尊重科学、规范管理、安全第一、预防为主。在施工过程中要根据不同工艺特点和技术要求，选择合适的机械设备，并确保机械设备的正确使用、管理和良好保养。同时加强对机械设备管理、操作人员的管理工作，定配备足够的工作人员（操作人员、指挥人员及维修人员），贯彻“谁使用，谁管理”的原则，健全持证上岗制度、机械设备检查制度等，做好日常保养、小修、中修等维护保养工作，严禁带病运转。Management is the basic task of mechanical equipment

31、, reasonable equipment, safe use, production service, in order to guarantee the engineering quality, speed up the construction progress, improve the production efficiency, create conditions take good economic benefits. Improve mechanical equipment management of the basic principle is: respect for sc

32、ientific, standardized management, safety first, prevention first. In construction process according to different technological characteristics and technical requirements, choose the appropriate machinery and equipment, and ensure the proper use of machinery and equipment, good management and maintenance. At the same time, strengthen the management of mechanical equipment management, operating personnel work, set with sufficient personnel (operator, commander and maintenance personnel), implement the