1、英文修辞手法与例句英语修辞手法12级商务英语1班高腾学号2012224102011)Simile:(明喻)Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as.as,asifandlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.Forexample,Ascoldwaterstoathir
2、stysoul,soisgoodnewsfromafarcountry.明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用like,as,seem,asif,asthough,similarto,suchas等.1.Inhisdreamhesawthetinyfigurefallasafly在他的梦中他看见那小小的人影像苍蝇一般地落了下来。 英语文摘2015-2比喻形象生动,把人影比作苍蝇突出其渺小。2.Theoldmanshairisaswhiteassnow.老人的头发雪白。TheWashingtonPost2)Metaphor:(暗喻)Itisl
3、ikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Forexample,theworldisastage.隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.1.Lifeisanisthmusbetweentwoeternities.生活是永恒的生死两端之间的峡道21century2014-32.Ihadthemuscle,andtheymademoneyoutofit.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.英语
4、文摘2015-2这里用肌肉代指力气,肌肉的功能也就是出力气,直接用肌肉来代表则用了暗喻手法,加强表达效果。3)Personification:(拟人)Itgiveshumanformoffeelingstoanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributestoinanimateobjects,ortoideasandabstractions.Forexample,thewindwhistledthroughthetrees.拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.1.Thesunsmileddownonthegreenmeadows太阳向着绿茵茵的草地俯首微笑naturalscien
5、ce2015-12.Theancientwildernessdreamed,stretcheditselfallopentothesun,andseemedtosighwithimmeasurablecontent. GUARDIAN古老的荒野做着梦,直挺挺地躺在太阳下,好像无限满足地叹了口气。给荒野以人格,通过对荒野的描写展现出当时的情景,给人感同身受的感觉,也让画面更形象具体。3.Butthehousewascold,closed,andunfriendly.可是那房子冷漠无情,门窗紧闭,一点也不友好。英语文摘2015-34)Hyperbole:(夸张):Itisthedeliberate
6、useofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.Forinstance,healmostdiedlaughing.夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.1.IwasmadforsuccessandonthenewsofsuccessIwentmadwithjoy.我对于成功极度地渴望,每当听到我获得成功的消息,我都高兴得快疯了。英语文摘2015-22.1wanttocrashyouinmyarmsandcoveryouwithallmykisses我要拥你入怀,吻遍你。LETTER“crash”与“cover”这
7、两个动词用得如此精彩与顶极,将小伙子对爱人炽热真切的爱情渲泄得尽善尽美,5)Euphemism:(委婉)Itisthesubstitutionofanagreeableorinoffensive(无冒犯)expressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggestsomethingunpleasant.Forinstance,werefertodieas”passaway.婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话1.Ifanythinghappenedtome,pleasetakecareofmywifeandchildren.英语学习报2015.5如果我有个三长两短的话,
8、请照看我的妻子与小孩。这里的anything可以指“不幸”,甚至“死亡”是委婉的修辞格2.用sanitationengineer替代garbageman(清洁工)3.用thedisadvantaged替代thepoor(穷人)4.用industrialaction替代strike(罢工) 网络6)Metonymy(转喻) Itisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthemaneofonethingforthatofanother.Forinstance,thepen(words)ismightierthanthesword(force
9、s).借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.1.Whenthewarwasover,helaiddowntheswordandtookupthepen.战争结束后,他弃戎从文economist2.Sometimesthepenmaybemightierthanthesword.有时文人比武士更有力量。economist3.Themessengerwasnotlonginreturning,followedbyapairofheavybootthatcamebumpingalongthepassagelikeboxes.送信人不久就回来了,后面跟着一个穿着笨重鞭子的人,在过
10、道里走得咯噔咯噔乱响,像滚动的箱子一样。 ReadersDigest此例中apairofheavyboot(一双笨重的靴子)属于Metonymy译文加词为“一个穿着笨重靴子的人”4.Thebabywasbroughtuponthebottle.这个婴儿是喝牛奶或羊奶长大的。dope7)Synecdoche(提喻)Itisinvolvesthesubstitutionofthepartforthewhole,orthewholeforthepart.Forinstance,theysaytheresbreadandworkforall.Shewasdressedinsilks.提喻用部分代替全体
11、,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般1.Manyhand,makelightwoke.局部代替整体,用hands表示干活的人economist2.Thefoxgoesverywellwithyourcap.这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.ReadersDigest3.6.ItwasreportedthatChinawonthevolleyballmatch.椐报载:在这次排球赛中,中国队赢了。21century(以国家名称China代该国球队theChineseVolleyballTeam)8)Pun:(双关语)Itisaplayonwords,orratheraplayontheformandme
12、aningofwords.Forinstance,acannon-balltookoffhislegs,sohelaiddownhisarms.(Herearmshastwomeanings:apersonsbody;weaponscarriedbyasoldier.)双关就是用一个词在句子中的双重含义,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意与谐音的方式出现.1.Makeyoureveryhelloarealgood-buy. 让你的每地声“哈”都真的物有所值。NatureMagazine2.Wemustallhangtogether,or
13、weshallhangseparately.我们必须紧密地团结在一起,否则我们将被一个个地绞死。 ReadersDigest3.Whatdolawyersdowhentheydie?Liestill律师死了干啥?身子动弹不得,嘴上撒谎依旧。英语文摘2014-9原文通过谐音使用一种称为Pun的修辞格,构造出“一语双关”的艺术意境。谐音之妙,顿生诙谐幽默。要传达出原作的这种美学效果,必须进行创造性翻译。译文以汉语“对隅”辞格变通对译“Liestill”,通过转换辞格,前后对照,使双重含义泾渭分明,从而使原文的妙处“失之东隅,收之桑榆”。9)Irony:(反语)Itisafigureofspeech
14、thatachievesemphasisbysayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant,theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense.Forinstance,wearelucky,whatyousaidmakesmefeelrealgood.Irony的含义比汉语的反语广泛。它包括verbalirony,dramaticirony,situationalirony。也是正话反说,反话正说,一般需借助于特定的上下文与语境才能被正确理解。在多数情况下,irony可以译成汉语的反语。1.Shetalked
15、aboutgreatpeopleasifshehadthefee-simpleofMayfair,andwhenthecourtwentintomourning,shealwaysworeblack. 英语文学周报2015-1她一开口就是某某勋爵某某大人,那口气竟好象她生来就是贵族。宫里有了丧事,她没有一回不穿孝。2.Thehousedetectivespiggyeyessurveyedherscornfullyfromhisgrossjeweledface.英语文学周报2015-2探长用他那双夹在面部隆起的肉堆中的猪眼睛轻蔑地将她上下打量了一番。用反语修辞格讽刺意味浓厚,3.TheBible
16、,hethunderedinhissonorousorgantones,isnotgoingtobedrivenoutofthiscourtbyexpertswhocomehundredsofmilestotestifythattheycanreconcileevolution,withitsancestorsinthejungle,withmanmadebyGodinHisimageandputhereforHispurposeaspartofadivineplan.读者文摘2014-3“圣经,”他用洪亮的嗓音大喊大叫道,“是不会被那些千里迢迢赶来作证的学者专家们赶出这个法庭的。这些专家们来
17、到这里的目的是想证明主张人类祖先来自丛林的进化论与上帝按照天机,依其形象创造人类并安排到这个世界上来的看法,是并行不悖的。”4.“Ifpeoplekeeptellingyoutoquitsmokingcigarettes,dontlisten.theyreprobablytryingtotrickyouintoliving.” AmericanCancerSociety这是一则反语在广告中使用的极好例证。不是说教般告诉人们“Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth”,该公益广告以反语的形式将这个意思表达了出来,从而创造出轻松而幽默的氛围,使他更易于被读者接受。10)Innuen
18、do:(暗讽)Itisamildformofirony,hintinginaratherroundabout(曲折)wayatsomethingdisparaging(不一致)oruncomplimentary(不赞美)tothepersonorsubjectmentioned.Forexample,theweathermansaiditwouldbeworm.Hemusttakehisreadingsinabathroom.反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.1.Thisdiligentstudentseldomre
19、adsmorethananhourpermonth. ReadersDigest这个勤奋的学生每个月读书时间不超过一小时。2.heisamanwhoismostdependablewhenyouarenotinneed freetalk你不需要时他总是最值得依赖的11)Allegory(讽喻)anexpressivestylethatusesfictionalcharactersandeventstodescribesomesubjectbysuggestiveresemblances;anextendedmetaphor建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上,传达暗示,影射或者讥讽现世各种现象
20、的含义。1.thereisnogardenwithoutitsweed 表面意思没有不长草的花园,言外之意没有什么是完美的Fortune2.Aproofofthebuddingisintheeating表面意思布丁好不好,吃了才知道,言外之意实践出真知Forbes12)Paradox:(仿拟)Itisafigureofspeechconsistingofastatementorpropositionwhichonthefaceofitseemsself-contradictory,absurdorcontrarytoestablishedfactorpractice,butwhichonfur
21、therthinkingandstudymayprovetobetrue,well-founded,andeventocontainasuccinctpoint.Forexamplemorehaste,lessspeed.这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语,从而使其产生新意的修辞.1.Morehaste,lessspeed。欲速则不达 ReadersDigest2.Thechildisthefathertotheman。(童年时代可决定人之未来)三岁看大,四岁看老。英语文摘2015-33.Romewasnotbuiltinaday,norinayear。罗马不是一天建成的,一年也不
22、行。经济学人2015-413)Oxymoron:(矛盾修饰) Itisacompressedparadox,formedbytheconjoining(结合)oftwocontrasting,contradictoryorincongruoustermsasinbitter-sweetmemories,orderlychaos(混乱)andproudhumility。这也是一种矛盾修辞法,用两种不相调与的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.1.Amiserable,merryChristmas.悲喜交加的圣诞节。 经济学人2.Hecalledmyconvictionavi
23、ctoriousdefeat.他称这次庭审结果是一次“胜利的失败”。ReadersDigest3.ItNewYorkhasthepoorestmillionaires,thelittlestgreatman,thehaughtiestbeggars,theplainestbeauties,thelowestskyscrapers,thedolefulestpleasuresofanytownIeversaw.O.Henry这座城市(指纽约)里有的是心灵最空虚的百万富翁,人格最渺小的伟人,最目空一切的乞丐,最使人瞧不上眼的美女,最肮脏龌龊的摩天大楼,与最乏味的娱乐,比我所见到过的任何城市都有过之
24、而无不及。原文中一连用了六个Oxymoron辞格,十分生动、形象地描述了作者对大都市纽约的印象,从而深刻地揭示了纽约在繁华背后隐藏着丑陋的双重性,极富哲理,发人深省。14)Antithesis:(对照)Itisthedeliberatearrangementofcontrastingwordsorideasinbalancedstructuralformstoachieveemphasis.Forexample,speechissilver;silenceisgolden.这种修辞指将意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比的一种修辞方法.1.NotthatIlovedCaesarlessbutthat
25、IlovedRomemore.不是我不喜欢凯撒,而是我更喜欢罗马这是凯撒大帝里的台词将意义相反的语句并列在一起做对比突出表达效果。2.Givemeliberty,orgivemedeath.给我自由,否则杀了我。ReadersDigest15)Climax:(渐进)ItisderivedfromtheGreekwordforladderandimpliestheprogressionofthoughtatauniformoralmostuniformrateofsignificanceorintensity,likethestepsofaladderascendingevenly.Forexa
26、mple,Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.这种修辞是将一系列词语按照意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.1.Icame,Isaw,Iconquered.我来了,看了,征服了2.Socialposition,friends,reputation,lifeitself,hadnolongeranyattractionforhim.社会地位、朋友、名誉、生活本身对他再没有什么吸引力了.分析:通过渐进逐步过渡到高潮,在两个句子中分别达到了突出表达与强调的作用。16)Apostrophe:(顿呼)Inthisfigureofspeech,at
27、hing,place,ideaorperson(deadorabsent)isaddressedasifpresent,listeningandunderstandingwhatisbeingsaid.1.England!awake!awake!awake!英格兰,醒来吧,醒来吧,醒来吧 经济学人2015-42.WhoislikeYou,OLord,amongthegods?耶与华啊,众神之中谁能像你?圣经分析:突然的发出,表现强调。17)Anti-climaxorbathos:(突降)ItistheoppositeofClimax.Itinvolvesstatingonesthoughtsinadescendingorderofsignificanceorintensity,fromstrongtoweak,fromweightytolightorfrivolous.
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