强调句型讲解及练习.docx

1、强调句型讲解及练习强调句型讲解和练习一、定义强调就是使句子的某一部分比一般情况下显得更加重要。英语表达中，要强调句子的某一成分，一般可用强调句型“It is (was) +that (who) +句子的其余部分”。It在句中无意义，只起引出被强调部分的作用。被强调的部分指人时，除可用that外，还可换用who（强调宾语指人时也可用whom）。使用强调句型时，应注意以下事项：1、去掉强调结构It is (was) that(who)后，剩下的词仍能组成一个完整的句子。这是判断是不是强调句型的关键。试比较：1. It is strange thathe didnt come yesterday.2

2、. It is you and Tomthat didnt come yesterday.显然，句1去掉It is that 后，句子结构不完整，是主语从句；句2去掉It is that 后，句子变为you andTom didnt come yesterday. 仍是一个表意完整的句子，这是一个强调句。再如：1. It is what you dorather than what you say _matters.A.thatB. whatC.whichD. this答案A。这是一个强调主语的强调句型，去掉强调结构，剩下的是Whatyou do rather than what you sa

3、y matters. 表意完整。2. That was really asplendid evening. Its years _I enjoyed myself somuch.A.whenB. that C.beforeD.since答案D。由强调句型的判断方法可知，该句不是强调句型。It指时间，句意为：好几年我没有这么高兴了。since的意思是“自从那个时候起”。2、如果强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不可用when, where, why或how，而仍用that。试比较：It wasbecause of the accident why he was late. (误), It was

4、 because of theaccident that he was late. (正)。又如：1. Itwas not until midnight_ theyreached the camp site.A. that B.when C.while D. as答案A。该题强干扰项是B，考生容易因强调时间状语untilmidnight而误选。2. It was after hegot what he had desired _he realized it was not soimportant.A.that B.whenC.sinceD. as答案A。该句强调时间状语从句after he g

5、ot what he haddesired，题干意思是“得到他所梦寐以求的东西后他才意识到一切都不那么重要”。不要误选B。3、注意强调句型的否定句和疑问句形式，在这方面很容易因弄不清句子结构而错选。如:How did he come here? 强调how: How was it that he came here? Why did he came late? 强调Why: Why was it that he came late?1. I just wonder _that makes him so excited.A. why it doesB. what hedoesC. how iti

6、sD. what it is答案D。正常语序的强调句型容易看出，但要注意它的变体。如果把该题变换一下语序：it is what that makes him soexcited,不难看出这是强调句型的特殊疑问句形式，强调了疑问代词what，因为wonder后宾语从句，故用了陈述语序。2. It was not untilshe got home _Jennifer realized she had lost herkeys.A. whenB. thatC.whereD.before答案B。如果去掉强调结构，该句是一个“not until”句型：Jennifer didnt realize sh

7、e hadlost her keys until she got home. 要强调时间状语until she gothome，这时要把主句中的否定词not放在was之后。4、强调主语时，that或who后面的谓语动词的形式仍然取决于原句中的主语；be的变化只有is和was两种形式，如果要表示现在时将来时的其它各种形式时，就用Itis, 表达过去时的各种形式时，用It was.一般要与谓语动词的时态一致。如：1. It is Iwho/ that am an English teacher.2. It is theboy who/ that speaks English best in the

8、class.3. It was onSunday that he gave George this ticket.4. It is thelittle girl who/ that has broken the glass.5、强调句中的时态。如果原句中谓语动词使用的是现在范畴的时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成/现在完成进行时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等)，用It is.that.。如果原句中谓语动词为过去范畴的时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时等)，则用It was.that.。如：Mary met an old beggar in the street y

9、esterday.It was Mary who/that met an old beggar in the street yesterday. (强调主语)It was an old beggar whom/that Mary met in the street yesterday. (强调宾语)It was yesterday that Mary met an old beggar in the street. (强调时间状语)It was in the street that Mary met an old beggar yesterday. (强调地点状语)有时，be前可使用表示推测的

10、情态动词。如：It must be Peter who has let this secret out.一定是彼得将这个秘密泄露出去的。It might be last night that they did their homework.他们也许是昨晚做完作业的。6、在复习中有可能把It is/ wasthat句式都误认为是强调句型的几种情况：1）、把具有实际意义的指示代词it后面接is/wasthat误认为是强调句式。- Where did you getto knowher?- It was on thefarm _ we worked.A.thatB. thereC. which D.

11、 where答案D。该句易误作强调句型，所以A是强干扰项。这里where we worked 是定语从句，修饰the farm。It指“与她相识”这件事。该题很容易受思维定势的影响而拒绝选D，因为平日教学老师一再强调，用强调句型时即使强调地点状语，也不能用where而用that。该句如果要用itwas that强调句型的话，可改写为“It was on the farm where we worked that I gotto know her.”2）、把it指时间、天气、距离、环境等后接be的情形误以为是强调句型。It was twenty miles from our city to th

12、e village _the accidenthappened.A. thatB.whenC. thenD.where答案D。本题貌似It wasthat强调句型，其实不然。句中It表示距离，where 引导地点状语从句。3）、把It is/ wasthat结构的主语从句误认为是强调句型。1. The Foreign Minister said, “_our hope that the two sides willwork towardspeace.”A. This isB. There isC. ThatisD. It is答案D。如果选A和C，指示代词This和That在句中找不出指代的内

13、容，选B意义不通。故选D。虽然选It is后题干中出现了Itis that结构，但这不是强调句型。很明显，题干中的that从句应是主语从句，所缺的是形式主语。7、强调句型It is/ was that/ who主要用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语或表语。如果要强调谓语动词,应该用代动词do及其变形does或did，这三种形式常用在谓语动词之前，以加强语气。它一般只能强调现在时与过去时。如：I do wish I could. 我真希望我能。He does look well. 他的确看起来气色很好。You did give me a fright. 你真把我给吓了一跳。二、使用此句型时应注意以下

14、几点1.原句中的谓语动词时态是一般过去时、过去将来时、过去进行时或过去完成时等表过去的时态时, 用 It was.that. 。属于表现在的时态时, 用 It is. that. 。如:It is the computer that is doing many jobs. 是计算机做了许多工作。When was it that the Long March started? 长征是在何时开始的?2. 被强调部分无论是单数还是复数, It 后的动词均用单数形式, 即 is或 was。如:It is they who have finished cleaning the classroom. 打扫

15、完教室的人是他们。3. 被强调部分指人时, It is（was）. 后用 who, whom 或that均可; 指事物或情况时, 通常用 that（一般不用 when, where, which等）。如:It was yesterday that he saw me in the park. （不可用 when）It is her whom you should ask. （还可用 whothat）It was in the street that they quarreled. （不可用 where）4. 被强调部分如果是原句的主语, whothat 后面的谓语在人称和数上应与原句主语保持一

16、致。如:It was they that were talking and laughing. 是他们又说又笑的啊。5. 强调双宾语时，无论是强调直接宾语还是间接宾语，根据适当情况加上介词 to 或 for 等。如:It was a new dictionary that Tom gave to me last night. （Tom gave me a new dictionary last night. ）汤姆昨晚给我的是一本新词典。It was a red shirt that John bought for me as a birthday present. （John bought

17、me a red shirt as a birthday present. ）作为生日礼物约翰送我的是一件红衬衫。6. 对 not. until. 句型强调时, 要把 not 连同 until 短语或从句一起提前。如:It was not until I spoke to him that he noticed me. （He didnt notice me until I spoke to him. ）直到我跟他说话他才注意到我。7. 强调特殊疑问句的疑问词时, 要将疑问词置于句首, 句子结构仍是疑问句形式。如:Where was it that you put the book? （Whe

18、re did you put the book? ）你把书放在哪里了?Who was it that called me this morning? （Who called me this morning? ）今天早上是谁打电话给我的?8. 此结构还可以强调目的状语、方式状语和以 because 引导的原因状语从句。但不能强调由 since 或 as 引导的原因状语从句, 也不能强调由although 和 whereas 引导的句子。如:It was because he was ill that we decided to return home. 那是因为他生病了, 所以我们才决定回家的。

19、Was it in Beijing you first met him? （ Was it in Beijing that you first met him? ）你第一次见到他时是在北京吗?What is it you want me to do? （What is it that you want me to do? ）你究竟要我做什么?三、使用强调句型时要分清以下两种情况1. 要分清是主语从句还是强调结构。判断这种句型是主语从句还是强调结构，方法是将 It is（was）. that 去掉, 去掉后整个句子结构和意义不受其影响的话为强调结构，反之则是主语从句。试比较:It was yes

20、terday that he met her in the street. （Yesterday he met her in the street. ）是昨天他在街上碰见了她。（强调结构）It was said that he met her in the street yesterday. （That he met her in the street yesterday was said. ）据说他昨天在街上碰见了她。（主语从句）It is clearly that she speaks. （She speaks clearly. ）她说话吐字清楚。（强调结构）It is clear tha

21、t she has heard of it. （ That she has heard of it is clear. ）显然她已听说了这件事。（主语从句）2. 要分清是强调结构中的 that-（who-）分句还是用作关系代词的定语从句中的that-（who-）分句。判断的方法还是将 It is（was）. that去掉, 去掉后整个句子结构和意义不受其影响的话是强调结构中的 that-（who-）分句, 反之则是用作关系代词的定语从句中的 that-（who-）分句。如:It is money that is most needed. （ Money is most needed. ）（强调

22、结构中的 that）It is the money that he returned me. （定语从句中的 that）四、强调句是一种修辞，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式，下面简单归纳它的几种结构：1用助动词“do（doesdid）动词原形”来表示强调：He does know the place well他的确很熟悉这个地方。Do write to me when you get there你到那儿后务必给我来信。2用形容词very，only，single，such等修饰名词或形容词来加强语气：Thats the very textbook we used last ter

23、m这正是我们上学期用过的教材。You are the only person here who can speak Chinese你是这里唯一会讲汉语的人。Not a single person has been in the shop this morning今天上午这个商店里连一个人都没有。How dare you buy such expensive jewels？你怎么敢买这么贵的宝石呢？3用ever，never，very，just等副词和badly，highly，really等带有ly的副词来进行强调：Why ever did you do so？你究竟为什么要这么做？He neve

24、r said a word the whole day一整天，他一句话也没说。Youve got to be very，very careful你一定得非常、非常小心。This is just what I wanted这正是我所要的。He was badly wounded他伤得很严重。I really dont know what to do next我的确不知道下一步该怎么做。4用in the world，on earth，at all等介词短语可以表达更强的语气（常用于疑问句）：Where in the world could he be？他到底会在哪儿？What on earth i

25、s it？它究竟是什么？Do you know at all？你到底知不知道？5用感叹句来表示强烈的感情，突出说话人的情感：How interesting a story it is！这是一个多么有趣的故事啊！Oh，what a lie！啊，真是弥天大谎！6用重复来表示强调：Why！why！The cage is empty！啊！啊！箱子是空的。They walked for miles and miles他们走了好多英里。7用倒装句（也就是将要强调的句子或被强调的部分置于句首）来加强语气：On the table were some flowers桌上摆着一些花。（强调地点）Many a t

26、ime have I climbed that hill我多次翻过那座山。Only in this way，can we solve this problem只有这样，我们才能解决这个问题。8用强调句型：“It is（was）被强调的部分that（who）原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：It was on Monday night that all this happened所有这一切发生在周一晚上。Its me that he blamed他怪的是我。9用If来表示强调：1）If从句I dont know whowhat，etcdoesishas，etc；主语部分也可以用nobody do

27、esishas，etc或everybody doesishas，et c来代替（这里的if从句往往是正话反说，反话正说）：If he cant do it，I dont know who can要是他做不了这件事，我不知道还有谁能做。（强调只有他能做）If Jim is a coward，everybody is要是吉姆是个胆小鬼，那么人人都是胆小鬼。（强调吉姆不是胆小鬼）2）if从句it be主句（此用法可看成是第8中强调句型的变形，即把所要强调的内容放在it be的后面，把其它内容放在由if引导的从句中）：If anyone knew the truth，it was Tom如果说谁了解事

28、实的真相，那便是汤姆。If there is one thing he loves，it is money如果说世界上还有他爱的东西，那便是金钱。10用破折号、黑体字也可以表示强调，加强语气：Its because of hard workten years of hard work那是因为艰苦的工作十年艰苦的工作！He began the work in late May他在五月底开始的这项工作。（强调时间）随堂练习：1. It is the ability to do the job_matters not where you come from or what you are.A. on

29、e B. that C. what D. it2. David said that it was because of his strong interest in literature _ he chose the course. A. that B. what C. why D. how3. It is these poisonous products _ can cause the symptoms of the flu, such as headache and aching muscles.A .who B. that C .howD .what4. Why! I have noth

30、ing to confess. _ you want me to say?A. What is it that B. What it is thatC. How is it that D. How it is that5. It was with great joy _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found.A becauseB which C since D that6. An awful accident _, however, occur the other day. A. does B. did C. ha

31、s to D. had to 7. It was not until she got home _ Jennifer realized she had lost her keys.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. before8. It was_ black home after the experiment.A. not until midnight did he go B.until midnight that he didnt goC.not until midnight that he wentD.until midnight when he didnt go9. _that he managed to get the information? Oh,a friend of his helped him. A. Where was it B.What was it C. How was it D. Why was it10.1) It was 20 years ago _