高中英语题型专题语法填空考点梳理总结与练习.docx

1、高中英语题型专题语法填空考点梳理总结与练习高中英语题型专题语法填空知识点梳理总结与练习语法填空高考解读语法填空题每小题 1.5 分，共 10 小题，总分为 15 分。该题目突出对综合运用语言能力的考查，着重在语篇中考查考生的语法运用能力，其命题特点如下：1、长度： 200 词左右的短文。2、命题形式有提示词填空 无提示词填空 3.主要的语法考点：有提示词：名词，动词，形容词和副词，词性转化无提示词：连词，冠词，代词，介词，特殊句式有提示词的填空考点梳理考点一 名词用n的情况：n and n 并列; （a/an/the）+ adj + n; 介词+ n;a/an/the + n 形容词性物主代词

2、+ n 序数词+ n Many/several/few +可数名词复数Much/little + 不可数名词Some / a lot of/ lots of +可数名词复数/不可数名词名词复数变化规律1. 一般情况下在词尾直接加sBook-books tree-trees2. 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词，在词尾加esGlass-glasses box-boxes watch-watches brush-brushes3. 以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，把y改为i,再加esStory-stories country-countries4. 以o结尾的名词变为复数时，常在词尾加s,但有些名词

3、要加es,它们是：黑人英雄爱吃土豆、西红柿Negro(黑人）-negroes hero-heroes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoesRadio-radios photo-photos5. 以f 或fe结尾的名词变为复数时，一般直接加s,但有些以f 或fe结尾的名词需把f 或fe去掉，加ves, 它们是：为了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和一片树叶站在架子上，把狼劈成两半Self-selves life-lives thief-thieves wife-wives knife-knives loaf-loaves leaf-leaves shelf-shel

4、ves wolf-wolves half-halves练习题：1. The _ (express) in her eyes told me something was wrong.2. Due to the _ (apply) of this medical technology, some diseases can be treated at an early stage.3. She was unable to attend because of the _ (press) of work.4. Id skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tou

5、rists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _ (painting).5. The nursery team switches him every few _ ( day) with his sister.Expression; application; pressure; paintings; days考点二 谓语动词（考查方向：时态语态，主谓一致）看到括号内所给的提示词是动词，第一步先判断是否

6、考查谓语。做题思路：1. 根据主语与谓语动词的关系判断用主动语态还是被动语态；2. 根据具体的语境来判断用哪种时态3. 注意主谓一致，最后确定所填动词的形式在确定谓语动词的时态时，可从如下三个方面来进行判断：（1）看句子中的时间状语或时间状语从句；（2）在没有时间状语或时间状语从句时，要看上下文的谓语动词形式；（3）看一下是不是特殊句式。常见时态时态名称构成一般体表示既不“进行”，又不“完成”。一般体中的一般现在时、一般过去时分别表示现在、过去的经常性、习惯性动作或状态；一般将来时表示将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常发生的动作或存在的状态。一般现在时Do/does;am/is/

7、are一般过去时Did; was/were一般将来时Will/shall do；am/is/are going to do;am/is/are about to do Will:各种人称Shall: 第一人称表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作过去将来时Should/would doWas/were going to doWas/were (about)to do进行体现在进行时Am/is/are doing（现在分词）过去进行时Was/were doing将来进行时Will/shall be doing完成体现在完成时Has/have done过去完成时Had done完成进行体现在完成进行时

8、Have/has been doing常见时态的被动语态形式体 时现在过去将来过去将来一般Am/is/are doneWas/were doneWill/shall be doneWould/should be done进行Am/is/are being doneWas/were being done-完成Have/has been doneHad been done-完成进行-主谓一致的情况1. We, you, they 或名词复数+each作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。Each of us, you, them或名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。2. 就近一致谓语动词要和离它最近的主

9、语保持一致，常用于Or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but also., not.but.在句子中连接并列主语的时候或者在there be句型中。3. 就远原则名词或代词+with, along with, together with, as well as(而且，和）, rather than(而不是), but, except等+名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应该和第一个名词或代词保持一致。4. Many a +名词, more than one+名词作主语，谓语动词用单数练习题1. Mary, along with her sisters, _(

10、attend) the conference regularly.2. There _(be) a cup of tea and some apples on the table.3. We _(make) model plane these days.4. He said he_ (drive) the next day.5. In the past few years, great changes_ (take) place in my hometown.6. This is the first time that I _ (come) here.7. By then he _ (lear

11、n) English for 3 years.8. A bridge _ (build) over the river at this time last year.9. The party _ (plan) since last year.10. The teacher told us the earth _ (move) around the sun. Attends; is; are making; was arriving; have taken; have come; had learned; was being built; has been planned; moves考点三 非

12、谓语动词非谓语动词的形式：To do 表示将来、目的、主动Doing 表示进行、主动Done 表示完成、被动To be done 将来、被动Being done 进行、被动Having done 完成、主动Having been done 完成、被动做题思路1. 判定非谓语动词（在一个句子中，除了谓语动词之外的其他动词形式）2. 找逻辑主语（非谓语动词动作的发出者或承受者）3. 分析主被动关系和时间先后关系（逻辑主语与非谓语动词之间的主被动关系。非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作之间的时间先后关系：非谓语动词动作发生在谓语动词动作之后，用to do；同时发生用doing; 非谓语动词动作发生在谓语动

13、词动作之前且表被动用done; 如果非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作之间没有明确的先后顺序，若主动用doing, 被动用done,表示伴随的状态。）根据非谓语动词的形式及其所表达的意义，判定出最终非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词特殊用法1. 被动形式表示主动意义seat/lose/dress/devote/absorbdevote oneself to 献身于；专心致力于；专心于；沉溺于absorb oneself (in sth)使自己沉浸（于某事物）; 使自己深陷于或专心于lose oneself全神贯注于；专心于；沉湎于(常与 in 连用)lie in; be located in坐落于face

14、sth; be faced with sth 面对2.Only to do 表示出人意料的结果, 表示意料之中的结果，通常用only doing。注意：并不是表示出人意料的结果就直接用to do 形式，还要看是主动还是被动。3.使役动词、感官动词用法下列动词（词组）在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语，但在被动语态中要加上to: 它们是“吾看三室两厅一感觉”5看（look at, see, watch, notice, observe）; 3使（make, let, have）; 2听（listen to, hear）; 1感觉（feel）感官动词后的宾语补足语可用原形也可用doing

15、形式(当宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系时）, 前者表示过程、完成后者表示动作的进行。4.下列动词一般用不定式作宾语Decide/determine, learn, want, hope/expect/wish, refuse, manage, care(care to do愿意/想要做sth), pretend, offer(offer to do提出要做/主动做sth), promise, choose, plan, agree, ask/beg, help5.下列动词或词组一般跟doing作宾语Consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse

16、/pardon, admit, delay/put off, fancy(想象，设想）, avoid, miss, keep (on), practice, deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate, forbid, imagine, risk, cant help（禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape注意：在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit, consider后直接跟动名词做宾语；如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，则用动词不定式作宾语补足语。 sb to do sthAllow/permit/forbid/advise/

17、consider doing sth如下短语中to作介词，其后+doing的形式Be used to习惯于 be accustomed to习惯于 be devoted to致力于，忠诚于 be opposed to反对 lead to导致 pay attention to 注意，重视 object to 反对 stick to 坚持 be close to接近 look forward to期望下列词后可用动名词的主动形式表被动意义Need/require/want doing= need/require/want to be doneDeserve doing=deserve to be

18、doneBe worth doing 主动表被动（=be worthy to be done=be worthy of being done=be worthy of +n）6.主语+系动词+表语（形容词）+ to do结构中，句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，这时，需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。练习题1. The building _(found) last year is a restaurant.2. The question _(discuss) at tomorrows meeting is very important.3. I heard

19、 her_ (sing) an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.4. When she saw the surprising result, she gave us a_ (surprise) look.5. We dont allow_ (smoke) in the hall.6. _(seat) on the ground, the boy is reading a book7. This question is easy _ ( answer).8. These proposals deserve_ (consider)9

20、. He hurried to the station, only_(tell) the train had left.10. _ (face) with the difficulty, he will never gave up. founded; to be discussed; singing; surprised; smoking; to answer; considering/to be considered; to be told; Faced考点四 形容词、副词形容词、副词考查方向：1. 形容词、副词考查方向：（1）形容词、副词的判定及两者之间的词性转换。（2）形容词、副词的比较

21、级、最高级。2. 形容词使用情况：修饰名词、代词或者放在系动词之后作表语，作宾补3. 副词使用情况：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子4. 形容词变副词规则 一般情况加ly Quick-quickly, brave-bravely, immediate-immediately 以辅音字母+y结尾，将y改为i再加ly Easy-easily, happy-happily le结尾，去e加y Simple-simply gentle-gently 元音字母+e结尾，去e加ly True-truly ll结尾，只加y Full-fully, dull-dully ic结尾，加ally Basic-ba

22、sically, scientific-scientifically注意以下形容词变副词的拼写Whole-wholly完全地 shy-shyly dry-dryly good-well5. 形容词、副词比较级、最高级变化规则 一般在词尾加er, estStrong-stronger-strongest 以字母e结尾的，只加r，st Late-later-latest, large-larger-largest 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节(两个辅音中间夹一个短元音），双写这一辅音字母，再加er, est. Hot-hotter-hottest, fat-fatter-fattest, thi

23、n, big, wet 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，将y变为i,再加er, estAngry-angrier-angriest ugly-uglier-ugliest early-earlier-earliest 部分双音节和多音节词，在其前面加more, mostUseful-more useful-most usefulCareful, important, interesting, difficult, different, dangerous不规则变化Good/well-better-best; bad/badly-worse-worst; many/much-more-most; Lit

24、tle-less-leastFar-farther(指距离：更远的）；further（指距离：更远的，等同于farther; 指程度：更深入的）- farthest（指距离：最远的）；furthest（指距离：最远的，等同于farthest; 指程度：最深入的）Old-older（指年龄、新旧：较老的、较旧的；指血缘：年纪较长的，此时等同于elder）;elder(指血缘：年纪较长的）-oldest（指年龄、新旧：最老的、最旧的；指血缘：最年长的，此时等同于eldest）; eldest（指血缘：最年长的）6. 形容词、副词比较级用法（1）原级比较，表示双方在程度、性质、特征等方面相等时，用a

25、s+形容词/副词原级+as和.一样.（2）双方比较，用比较级+than结构（3）表示一方随着另一方的程度而变化时，用the+比较级（主语+谓语），the +比较级（主语+谓语）的结构，意为“越.就越.”（4）不与其他事物相比，表示本身程度的改变时，用比较级+and+比较级练习题1. The more he talked, the _(angry) he became.2. This film is _ (interest) than any other one that I have ever seen.3. He was advised to smoke fewer cigarettes a

26、nd drink _ (little) beer.4. Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be _ (equal) respected.5. The numbers are _ (particular) high in Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou.6. I consider his suggestion very _ (value).Angrier; more interesting; less; equally; particularly; valuable无提示词的填空考点

27、梳理考点一 连词1. 连词分类 并列连词：简单句、并列句and, or, but,yet,whereas, while, when简单句中并列连词常考固定搭配（both.and.; either.or.; neither.nor.; not only.but also.; not.but.） 从属连词：定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句2. 英语中三大从句（1）定语从句引导词：which, that, who, whom, whose, as, when, where, why做题思路（1）判定是否为定语从句（首先找到从句，看从句是否对前面的名词进行修饰，若是，则为定语从句）。（2）分析从句，看从

28、句中是否缺成分 缺成分：考虑关系代词（根据先行词指人还是物，在从句中作什么成分选择适当的关系代词） 不缺成分：考虑关系副词（根据先行词表示时间、地点还是原因选择适当的关系副词）非限制性定语从句（which, as）As 引导限制性定语从句关系代词that 和which的区别（2）名词性从句引导词：that, whether/if, what, who, whom, which, whose, When, where, why, howwh-ever强调“任何”Whoever=anyone whoWhichever=anyone who/anything thatWhatever=anythin

29、g that做题思路1. 判定是否为名词性从句（找到从句，看从句在句子中是否充当成分，若是，则为名词性从句）2. 分析从句，看从句中是否缺成分 若是：考虑连接代词，根据从句中所缺的成分及句意选择合适的引导词 若否：考虑从属连词或连接副词，根据句意选择合适的引导词It 作形式主语、形式宾语（3）状语从句引导词：when, while, as, before, after, since, untilWhere, as, since, now that, in that, In order that, so that, So.that., such.that., if, unless, so/as

30、long as, providing/provided (that), suppose/supposing （that）, as, as if/though, although/though, even though/even if, as, while (while常用在句首，相当于although),whether.or. 不管.还是.As soon as, no sooner.than., hardly/scarcely.when., once, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute, the instant（这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常意为“一.就.”）Each time, ever