小学语法介词.docx

1、小学语法介词第7章 介 词 一、介词概述1、介词的定义： 介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语在 句中与其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当 于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语， 状语，表语和宾语补足语。2、介词的分类： 时间介词、地点介词、方式介词、原因介词等。3. 介词短语的句法作用介词短语作为一个成分在句中可用作定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等。（1）作定语介词短语作定语时，一般放在被修饰词的后面，作后置定语。The book on the desk is very interesting. 书桌上的那本书很有趣。China is a great c

2、ountry with a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。（2）作状语介词短语作状语时，一般放在动词后面或句末、句首。用来表示时间、地点、目的、方式和原因等。The basketball match will start at nine. 篮球比赛将在9点开始。（表示时间）He likes to swim in the river. 他喜欢去河里游泳。（表示地点）I went there to get my book back. 我去那里取回我的书。（表示目的）I came here by bike. 我骑自行车来到这里。（表示方式）She was tremblin

3、g with fear. 她吓得直发抖。（表示原因）（3）作表语介词短语作表语时，一般放在be动词和连系动词之后。Im on duty today. 今天我值日。My English teacher is from Australia. 我的英语老师来自澳大利亚。（4）作宾语补足语介词短语作宾语补足语时，一般放在宾语之后。I found everything in good condition. 我发现一切状况良好。When he woke up, he found himself in the hospital.当他醒来时，他发现自己在医院里。二、介词考点纵览 知识点考点考点对应典型例题剖析

4、 考点一：表示时间的介词考点1：in 的 用 法 。与morning, afternoon,evening连用表示在上午、下午、晚上。Theyalwaysplaybasketballintheafternoon.他们经常在下午打篮球。Donteattoomuchintheevening.晚上不要吃太多。表示在某世纪、年代、年、月、季节的含义时。Shecametothisfactoryin1970.她是在1970年来到这个工厂工作的。Itoftensnowsheavilyhereinwinter. 这儿冬天经常下大雪。表示从现在起一段时间以后。（这个用法常用将来时）Tomwillbebackfr

5、omAmericainaweek. 汤姆一周之后将从美国回来。Iwillgotovisityouinamonth. 一个月后我将会去拜访你。典型例题 1Thetrainisstarting _fiveminutes.A.in B.at C.for D. of答案：A典型例题 2Mrs. BrowncametoChina_1996.A. on B.of C.to D.in答案：D典型例题 3I like making snowmen _ winter.A.in B.at C.for D. on答案：A考点2：at的用法。表示某一具体时刻（几点几分时）。Shegetsupatsevenoclock

6、inthemorning.她早晨七点钟起床。Bellagothomeateightyesterdayevening.Bella昨晚八点钟到家。用在特定的时候（时节、时机）。Wewerehappyatthattime.我们那个时候很幸福。Ithinktheschoolhasbeenclosedatthistime.我想学校这个时间已经关门了。与noon、night、weekends连用。Youcanseemanystarsintheskyatnight.在夜里你会看到天空有许多星星。Whatdoyoualwaysdoatnoon?你中午经常做些什么？表示“在岁”时。Attheageoftwo,t

7、hegirlcouldrun. 在2岁的时候，这个小女孩就会跑了。典型例题 1TheEnglishteachertoldmetogetthere_halfpastten.A in B.at C.on D.of答案：B典型例题 2Heoftengoes_school_sixthirty.A.for;to B.to;at C.to;for D,for;at答案：B典型例题 3I often have lunch _noon.A.for B.to C.in D. at答案：D考点3：on的用法。表示“在具体的某一天”或“（在具体的某一天的）早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。Jack was bor

8、n on May 10th,1982.杰克生于1982年5月10日。 They left on a rainy morning.他们是在一个雨天的早上离开的。 表示“在星期几”或“在星期几的早上、中午、晚上”等，须用介词on。 We dont go to school on Saturday and Sunday. 我们星期六和星期天不上学。 What time do you get up on weekdays? 你在平日什么时候起床？ I heard this story on Saturday morning. 我是在星期六的早晨听到这个故事的。 表示“在某一节日”时，须用介词on。 W

9、e usually eat mooncakes on Mid-autumn Festival. 我们通常在中秋节吃月饼。 Mr. Hu received a card on TeachersDay. 胡老师在教师节那天收到了一张卡片。 注意：当morning, evening, afternoon被of短语修饰时，习惯上用on, 而不用in。on the early morning of September 10th 在9月10的清晨典型例题 1He went back to America a summer afternoon.A in B.at C.on D.of答案：C典型例题 2Heo

10、ftengoes to the library_Saturday morning.A.on B. at C.to D,for 答案：A典型例题 3I met him _the late afternoon of September 12thA.for B.to C.on D. at答案：C考点4：before、after和from的用法。before表示“在之前”。Wash your hands before dinner. 在晚餐之前你要洗手。I have to finish my homework before 10 o clock. 我不得不在十点之前完成家作。after表示“在之后”。

11、They often play football after class. 他们经常在下课后踢足球My father often watches TV after dinner. 我爸爸经常晚饭后看电视。from表示时间时，常和to连用，构成fromto的结构，表示“从到”。He kept on working from seven to twelve last night. 他昨晚从7点一直工作到12点。I go to school from Monday to Friday. 我周一到周五要去学校。典型例题 1经理七点后回来。翻译：The manager will come back af

12、ter seven oclock.典型例题 2三天后，我去参加了一个聚会。翻译：After three days I went to a party.典型例题 3她从早唱到晚。翻译：She is singing from morning to night.考点二：表示地点、方位的介词考点1：in的用法。表示在较大的地方。in the factory 在工厂 in Shanghai 在上海 in China 在中国表示“在里面”。There are many apples in the box. 盒子里有许多苹果。He put his hands in his pockets. 他把他的手放进口

13、袋。典型例题 1Theyarrivedatthefamoustown _ SouthJiangsu.A. in B. on C. at D. of 答案：A典型例题 2Sheisliving _ Nanjing.A. on B. in C. at D. of 答案：B典型例题 3Can you see the book _ thebox?A. at B. in C. on D. of答案：B考点2：at的用法。表示在较狭窄较小的地方。Shall we meet at the station？我们在车站见面好吗？用于门牌号码前。He lives at 115 Zhongshan Road. 他住

14、在中山路115号典型例题 1Theyarrivedatthefamoustown _ SouthJiangsu.A. in B. on C. at D. of 答案：A典型例题 2Do you notice the bread _ the table? A. on B. in C. at D. of 答案：C典型例题 3My brother stayed _home last night.A. at B. in C. on D. Of答案：A考点3：on，over和above的用法。on表示“在之上”（两物体接触）。There are some apples on the tree. 树上有一

15、些苹果。There is a book on the desk. 桌上有一本书。over表示“在正上方”（两物体的表面没有接触）。The sky is over our heads. 天在我们的头顶上。above表示“在之上”（不一定垂直，两物体的表面没有接触）。The plane is flying above clouds. 飞机在云上飞行。典型例题 1She put her coat _ the bed. A. in B. over C. above D. on 答案：D典型例题 2There is a bridge _ the sea A. in B. over C. above D.

16、 on 答案：B典型例题 3The bird is flying _ the water.A. in B. over C. above D. on 答案：C考点4：under和below的用法。under表示“在正下方”（其反义词是over）。There is a ball under the desk. 在桌子下有一个球。below表示“在下方”（不一定是正下方）。From the top of the hill, we could see the blue ocean below. 我们从山顶上能看到下边蓝色的大海。典型例题 1在线下写上你的名字。Write your name below

17、 the line典型例题 2猫在桌子下面。The cat was under the table典型例题 3她把信放在枕头下。She put the letter under the pillow 考点5：behind、in front of、in the front of的用法。behind表示“在后面”。There is a new car behind the house. 在房子后面有一辆新车。in front of表示“在（一个整体的）前面”。 in the front of 表示“在（一个整体前半部分的）前面”。典型例句：The driver is usually in the

18、front of the car. 司机通常坐在汽车前面。An old man is standing in front of the car. 车前面站着一位老人。There are many books behind the box. 箱子后面有很多书。考点6：between、among的用法。between表示“在（两者）之间”。My bedroom is between my two sisters. 我的卧室在2个姐姐房间之间among表示“在(三者或三者以上）之间”。There is a black bag among all these bags. 在这些书包之中有个黑书包。典型

19、例题 1There is a bank _ two buildings.A. among B. between C. in D. of答案：B典型例题 2I am sitting _ my parentsA. among B. between C. in D. of答案：B 典型例题 3I see a beautiful flower _ the trees.A. among B. between C. in D. of 答案：A考点三：表示动向的介词考点1：into、out of的用法。into表示从外到里；out of 表示从里到外。I saw them go into the house

20、. 我看见他们都走进了房子里。Lily runs out of the classroom. Lily跑出了教室。典型例题 1一只兔子从箱子里跳了出来。翻译：A rabbit jumps out of the box.典型例题 2老师带着一本书走进了教室。翻译：The teacher walked into the classroom with a book.典型例题 3I went _ the cinema to watch a filmA. into B. out of C. in D. on 答案：A考点2：up、down的用法。up表示向上；down表示向下。We climbed up

21、 the mountain to the top. 我们爬上了山顶。She opened the door and went down the stairs. 她打开门然后走下楼梯。考点3：across、through的用法。across表示“从（表面）穿过”He walked across the road carefully. 他小心地穿过马路。The duck is swimming across the river. 鸭子正游过那条河。through表示“从（里面）穿过”She walked through the forest alone. 她独自穿过森林。He wants to g

22、o out through the window. 他想从窗户出去。典型例题 1 Look left and right before you go _ the street.A. across B. through C. in D. on答案：A典型例题 2The sun goes _ the window.A. across B. through C. in D. on答案：B典型例题 3The train is going _ the tunnel.A. across B. through C. in D. on答案：B考点四：表示方式的介词考点1：表示方式的介词主要由by、 with、

23、in等。by表示“靠、用、以手段”。I always go to school by bus. 我总是坐公交车去上学。He makes a living by selling newspapers. 他靠卖报纸营生。with表示“使用（有形工具）、和一起、具有、带有”。He cut the cake with a knife. 他用到切蛋糕。I go to school with my friends. 我跟朋友一起去上学。The man with big eyes is my father. 这个大眼睛的男人是我爸。in表示“用语言，以方式”。He can speak English. 他会

24、说英语。典型例题 1He broke the window _ a stone.A. by B. with C. in D. from答案：B典型例题 2Whats this _ English?A. in B. over C. above D. on 答案：A典型例题 3My brother gets to school _ bus every day.A. in B. over C. by D. on 答案：C三、综合练习1.单项选择( ) 1. Its time _ supper. A. at B. in C. on D. for( ) 2. Its no time _ school.

25、Its time _ go back home. A. to, for B. to, to C. for, to D. for, for( ) 3. Mr. Brown comes _ America. A. at B. from C. in D. to( ) 4. Whats this _ English? A. in B. at C. on D. under( ) 5. Sometimes I go to school _ foot. A. by B. in C. on D. With( ) 6. Count _ one _ ten. A. from, by B. from, to C.

26、to, to D. at, to( ) 7. My sister is looking _ her new shoes now. A. at B. after C. for D. to( ) 8. Its cold outside. Please _ your warm clothes. A. put in B. take offC. put on D. put up( ) 9. The classroom is quite different _ that one. A. of B. from C. with D. like( ) 10. -Do many children in our c

27、lass often skate _ winter? -Yes, they usually have fun _ winter. A. in, in B. on, on C. at, at D. for, in( ) 11. -Does the autumn start _ August? -Sometimes it does. But usually it starts _ September. A. in, in B. on, on C. at, at D. for, in( ) 12. I usually play table tennis _ school. A. after B. w