大西洋月刊美国历史上最有影响的100个名人.docx

大西洋月刊美国历史上最有影响的100个名人.docx

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大西洋月刊美国历史上最有影响的100个名人

1AbrahamLincoln

HesavedtheUnion,freedtheslaves,andpresidedoverAmerica’ssecondfounding.

2GeorgeWashington

HemadetheUnitedStatespossible—notonlybydefeatingaking,butbydecliningtobecomeonehimself.

3ThomasJefferson

TheauthorofthefivemostimportantwordsinAmericanhistory:

“Allmenarecreatedequal.”

4FranklinDelanoRoosevelt

Hesaid,“Theonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself,”andthenheprovedit.

5AlexanderHamilton

Soldier,banker,andpoliticalscientist,hesetinmotionanagrariannation’stransformationintoanindustrialpower.

6BenjaminFranklin

TheFounder-of-all-trades—scientist,printer,writer,diplomat,inventor,andmore;likehiscountry,hecontainedmultitudes.

7JohnMarshall

Thedefiningchiefjustice,heestablishedtheSupremeCourtastheequaloftheothertwofederalbranches.

8MartinLutherKingJr.

Hisdreamofracialequalityisstillelusive,butnoonedidmoretomakeitreal.

9ThomasEdison

Itwasn’tjustthelightbulb;theWizardofMenloParkwasthemostprolificinventorinAmericanhistory.

10WoodrowWilson

HemadetheworldsafeforU.S.interventionism,ifnotfordemocracy.

11JohnD.Rockefeller

ThemanbehindStandardOilsetthemoldforourtycoons—firstbymakingmoney,thenbygivingitaway.

12UlyssesS.Grant

Hewasapoorpresident,buthewasthegeneralLincolnneeded;healsowrotethegreatestpoliticalmemoirinAmericanhistory.

13JamesMadison

HefatheredtheConstitutionandwrotetheBillofRights.

14HenryFord

HegaveustheassemblylineandtheModelT,andsparkedAmerica’sloveaffairwiththeautomobile.

15TheodoreRoosevelt

Whetherbustingtrustsorbuildingcanals,heembodiedthe“strenuouslife”andblazedatrailfortwentieth-centuryAmerica.

16MarkTwain

Authorofournationalepic,hewasthemostunsentimentalobserverofournationallife.

17RonaldReagan

TheamiablearchitectofboththeconservativerealignmentandtheColdWar’send.

18AndrewJackson

Thefirstgreatpopulist:

hefoundAmericaarepublicandleftitademocracy.

19ThomasPaine

ThevoiceoftheAmericanRevolution,andourfirstgreatradical.

20AndrewCarnegie

Theoriginalself-mademanforgedAmerica’sindustrialmightandbecameoneofthenation’sgreatestphilanthropists.

21HarryTruman

Anaccidentalpresident,thismachinepoliticianusheredintheAtomicAgeandthentheColdWar.

22WaltWhitman

HesangofAmericaandshapedthecountry’sconceptionofitself.

23WrightBrothers

Theygotusallofftheground.

24AlexanderGrahamBell

Byinventingthetelephone,heopenedtheageoftelecommunicationsandshranktheworld.

25JohnAdams

HisleadershipmadetheAmericanRevolutionpossible;hisdevotiontorepublicanismmadeitsucceed.

26WaltDisney

Thequintessentialentertainer-entrepreneur,hewieldedunmatchedinfluenceoverourchildhood.

27EliWhitney

Hisginmadecottonkingandsustainedanempireforslavery.

28DwightEisenhower

Hewonawarandtwoelections,andmadeeverybodylikeIke.

29EarlWarren

HisSupremeCourttransformedAmericansocietyandbequeathedtoustheculturewars.

30ElizabethCadyStanton

OneofthefirstgreatAmericanfeminists,shefoughtforsocialreformandwomen’srighttovote.

31HenryClay

OneofAmerica’sgreatestlegislatorsandorators,heforgedcompromisesthatheldoffcivilwarfordecades.

32AlbertEinstein

HisgreatestscientificworkwasdoneinEurope,buthishumanityearnedhimundyingfameinAmerica.

33RalphWaldoEmerson

Thebardofindividualism,hereliedonhimself—andtoldusalltodothesame.

34JonasSalk

Hisvaccineforpolioeradicatedoneoftheworld’sworstplagues.

35JackieRobinson

Hebrokebaseball’scolorbarrierandembodiedintegration’spromise.

36WilliamJenningsBryan

“TheGreatCommoner”lostthreepresidentialelections,buthispopulismtransformedthecountry.

37J.P.Morgan

ThegreatfinancierandbankerwastheprototypeforalltheWallStreetbaronswhofollowed.

38SusanB.Anthony

Shewasthecountry’smosteloquentvoiceforwomen’sequalityunderthelaw.

39RachelCarson

TheauthorofSilentSpringwasgodmothertotheenvironmentalmovement.

40JohnDewey

Hesoughttomakethepublicschoolatraininggroundfordemocraticlife.

41HarrietBeecherStowe

HerUncleTom’sCabininspiredagenerationofabolitionistsandsetthestageforcivilwar.

42EleanorRoosevelt

Sheusedthefirstlady’sofficeandthemassmediatobecome“firstladyoftheworld.”

43W.E.B.DuBois

OneofAmerica’sgreatintellectuals,hemadethe“problemofthecolorline”hislife’swork.

44LyndonBainesJohnson

Hisbrilliancegaveuscivil-rightslaws;hisstubbornnessgaveusVietnam.

45SamuelF.B.Morse

BeforetheInternet,therewasMorsecode.

46WilliamLloydGarrison

Throughhisnewspaper,TheLiberator,hebecamethevoiceofabolition.

47FrederickDouglass

Afterescapingfromslavery,heprickedthenation’sconsciencewithaneloquentaccountingofitscrimes.

48RobertOppenheimer

Thefatheroftheatomicbombandtheregretfulmidwifeofthenuclearera.

49FrederickLawOlmsted

ThegeniusbehindNewYork’sCentralPark,heinspiredthegreeningofAmerica’scities.

50JamesK.Polk

Thisone-termpresident’sMexicanWarlandgrabgaveusCalifornia,Texas,andtheSouthwest.

51MargaretSanger

Theardentchampionofbirthcontrol—andofthesexualfreedomthatcamewithit.

52JosephSmith

ThefounderofMormonism,America’smostfamoushomegrownfaith.

53OliverWendellHolmesJr.

Knownas“TheGreatDissenter,”hewroteSupremeCourtopinionsthatcontinuetoshapeAmericanjurisprudence.

54BillGates

TheRockefelleroftheInformationAge,inbusinessandphilanthropyalike.

55JohnQuincyAdams

TheMonroeDoctrine’srealauthor,hesetnineteenth-centuryAmerica’sdiplomaticcourse.

56HoraceMann

Histirelessadvocacyofuniversalpublicschoolingearnedhimthetitle“TheFatherofAmericanEducation.”

57RobertE.Lee

Hewasagoodgeneralbutabettersymbol,embodyingconciliationindefeat.

58JohnC.Calhoun

ThevoiceoftheantebellumSouth,hewasslavery’smostardentdefender.

59LouisSullivan

Thefatherofarchitecturalmodernism,heshapedthedefiningAmericanbuilding:

theskyscraper.

60WilliamFaulkner

ThemostgiftedchroniclerofAmerica’stormentedandfascinatingSouth.

61SamuelGompers

Thecountry’sgreatestlabororganizer,hemadethegoldenageofunionspossible.

62WilliamJames

ThemindbehindPragmatism,America’smostimportantphilosophicalschool.

63GeorgeMarshall

Asageneral,heorganizedtheAmericaneffortinWorldWarII;asastatesman,herebuiltWesternEurope.

64JaneAddams

ThefounderofHullHouse,shebecamethesecularsaintofsocialwork.

65HenryDavidThoreau

TheoriginalAmericandropout,hehasinspiredseekersofauthenticityfor150years.

66ElvisPresley

Thekingofrockandroll.Enoughsaid.

67P.T.Barnum

Thecircusimpresario’stasteforspectaclepavedthewayforblockbustermoviesandrealityTV.

68JamesD.Watson

HecodiscoveredDNA’sdoublehelix,revealingthecodeoflifetoscientistsandentrepreneursalike.

69JamesGordonBennett

AsthefoundingpublisherofTheNewYorkHerald,heinventedthemodernAmericannewspaper.

70LewisandClark

Theywentwesttoexplore,andmillionsfollowedintheirwake.

71NoahWebster

Hedidn’tcreateAmericanEnglish,buthisdictionarydefinedit.

72SamWalton

Hepromisedus“EveryDayLowPrices,”andwetookhimupontheoffer.

73CyrusMcCormick

Hismechanicalreaperspelledtheendoftraditionalfarming,andthebeginningofindustrialagriculture.

74BrighamYoung

WhatJosephSmithfounded,Youngpreserved,leadingtheMormonstotheirpromisedland.

75GeorgeHerman“Babe”Ruth

HesavedthenationalpastimeinthewakeoftheBlackSoxscandal—andpermanentlylinkedsportsandcelebrity.

76FrankLloydWright

America’smostsignificantarchitect,hewasthearchetypeofthevisionaryartistatoddswithcapitalism.

77BettyFriedan

Shespoketothediscontentofhousewiveseverywhere—andinspiredarevolutioningenderroles.

78JohnBrown

Whetherahero,afanatic,orboth,heprovidedthesparkfortheCivilWar.

79LouisArmstrong

HistalentandcharismatookjazzfromthecathousesofStoryvilletoBroadway,television,andbeyond.

80WilliamRandolphHearst

ThepressbaronwhoperfectedyellowjournalismandhelpedstarttheSpanish-AmericanWar.

81MargaretMead

WithComingofAgeinSamoa,shemadeanthropologyrelevant—andcontroversial.

82GeorgeGallup

HeaskedAmericanswhattheythought,andthepoliticianslistened.

83JamesFenimoreCooper

Thenovelsareunreadable,buthewasthefirstgreatmythologizerofthefrontier.

84ThurgoodMarshall

AsalawyerandaSupremeCourtjustice,hewasthelegalarchitectofthecivil-rightsrevolution.

85ErnestHemingway

HissparestyledefinedAmericanmodernism,andhislifemademachismoacliché.

86MaryBakerEddy

ShegotoffhersickbedandfoundedChristianScience,whichpromisedspiritualhealingtoall.

87BenjaminSpock

Withasinglebook—andasingularapproach—hechangedAmericanparenting.

88EnricoFermi

Agiantofphysics,hehelpeddevelopquantumtheoryandwasinstrumentalinbuildingtheatomicbomb.

89WalterLippmann

Thelastmanwhocouldswinganelectionwithanewspapercolumn.

90JonathanEdwards

Forgetthefireandbrimstone:

hissubtleeloquencemadehimthecountry’smostinfluentialtheologian.

91LymanBeecher

HarrietBee