初中汉语语法知识大全.docx

初中汉语语法知识大全.docx

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初中汉语语法知识大全

初中汉语语法知识大全（Chinesegrammarknowledgeinjuniorhighschool）

AcompletecorpusofChinesegrammarinjuniorhighschool

BasicknowledgeandwritingfoundationofChinesegrammarinjuniorhighschool

Chapterone,lawandgrammarlearning

Preface

First,whatisgrammar?

Grammaristhelawandruleoflanguagecombination.AccordingtotheanalysisofChinesegrammarcanbedividedintofivesmallunits,namelythemorpheme（word）,words,phrases,sentencesandsentencegroups.

Two.Whystudygrammar?

Inordertomastertherulesandrulesoflanguagecombination,theabilitytounderstandanduselanguageisimproved.

Section1,partofspeech

Anotionalwordsandfunctionwords

Wordsaremadeupofmorphemes（words）.Thewordaccordingtothegrammaticalfunctionandgrammaticalmeaningcanbedividedintocontentwordsandfunctionwords.

Contentissignificant,itcanbedividedinto:

nouns,verbs,adjectives,pronouns,numeralsandquantifiersinclasssix.

Functionwordsarenotreallymeaningfulwords,itcanbeasadverbs,prepositionsandconjunctions,auxiliarywords,Interjectionsandonomatopoeicwordssix.

Two,NOUN

Anounisawordthatexpressesthenameofapersonorthing.

1,commonnouns:

cattle,people,students,clouds,planes,vegetables

2.Propernouns:

China,theYellowRiver,Taishan,MaoZedong

3,abstractnouns:

spirit,culture,life,thought

4,timenouns:

now,lastyear,tomorrow,Monday

5.Nounsofposition:

upper,front,East,South,above,South,East,side,bottom,front,middle,inside,outside,leftandright,upanddown

Three,verb

Verbsarewordsthatexpressthemeaningofaction,behavior,existence,change,psychologicalactivityandsoon.

1,actbehavior:

see,listen,laugh,sing,jump,fly,work,study,know,comfort,solidarity,rest

Thelatestlectureonsimplelearningnetwork:

WangDajitoldmodernreadingWangDajispeakaboutcollegeentranceessayWangDajitextcompression

WangDajiaboutreadingtheclassicalChinesepoetryappreciationaboutWangDajispeakwith2WangDaji

2,expresspsychologicalactivities:

love,hate,fear,think,hope,love,memory,thinking,understanding,disgust

3,indicatingdevelopmentandchange:

increasing,expanding,improvinganddecreasing

4,theexistence,presence,disappearance:

existence,emergence,disappearance,death,stop,lose

5.Expressorder:

call,let,send,ask,make,request,order,forbid,

6,expressingpossibility,will,willverb:

ability,ability,meeting,possibility,ought,should,must,want,willing,need,willing,dare,willing

7,indicatingthetendencyofmovement--trendverbs:

up,down,go,go,go,go,go,getup,goback

8,expressingjudgment:

thejudgmentwordis

Four.Adjectives

Adjectivesarewordsthatrepresenttheshape,nature,oraction,behavior,development,andchangeofapersonorthing.

1,shape:

big,small,round,rough,slippery,flat,high,low,wide,narrow,fat,fat,beautiful,ugly,gentle,gentle,straight

2,thenature:

good,bad,cold,hot,sour,sweet,bitter,soft,smart,simple,honest,right,brave,special

3,expressstate:

fast,busy,urgent,stable,relaxed,happy

Five,numerals

Numeralsarewordsthatrepresentnumbers.Numeralscanbedividedintocardinalandordinalnumbers,fractions,decimals,multiplesandestimates.

1,cardinalnumber:

oneortwo,three,......Ten,100,thousand,tenthousand,onehundredmillion

2,ordinalnumber:

first...Thefirstandthefirstday...Eldestbrother...Theyoungest

3,scores,25percent,afewminutes,severalCheng

4,decimals:

0?

25,12?

34

5,multiples:

double...

6,two,andafewapproximatenumber,andtheleftandright,upanddown,aboveandbelow,thousands,tensofthousands,nearly100million,threeorfour,twoorthreeyears

Six,quantifier

Quantifiersarewordsthatrepresenttheamountofpeople,things,actions,oractions.Quantifierisdividedintoobjectmeasurewordandmomentumword.

1,quantifier:

A,individualquantifiers:

one,only,strip,Zhang,piece,inter,tree,grain,head,seat

Bandcollectivequantifiers:

double,group,vice,set,class,group,group,class,gang,group

C,metricwords:

foot,foot,inch,liter,Jin,two,tonspermu

D,temporaryquantifiers:

cups,cars,baskets,pick,bundle,hold

2.Momentumwords:

A,specialpurpose:

allover,back,array,Dayton,fan,times,times,times

B,borrowed:

foot,fist,knife,eye,day,year,month,week,personhour,unitton

Seven,pronoun

Pronounsrefertowordsthathavethefunctionofreplacingorindicating.Itcanbedividedintopersonalpronouns,interrogativepronounsanddemonstrativepronouns.

1.Personalpronouns:

i....You...He...It...I...Ourselves,others,folks,everybody,everybody,eachother

2,interrogativepronouns:

who,what,where,where,where（some）,when,when,how,how,how,howmuch,howmany,how

3,demonstrativepronoun:

this（some,theson,thesample,theinside,thesmall,thelater）,that（somechildren,thesample,theinside,thebig,theyoung,thelater）,

Eight,adverb

Adverbsarewordsthatexpressthedegree,scope,time,frequency,modality,affirmation,negationandmoodofactionorcharacter.

1,degree:

very,quite,strange,more,most,extremely,very,very,specially,especially,slightly,compares,exceptionally

2,scope:

all,only,also,light,single,all,net,consistent,all,only,most,all,all,all,alone

3,time,frequency:

positive,just,talent,just,often,convenient,once,just,often,often,gradually,finally,immediately,already

4,repetition,repetition:

again,again,again,again,repeatedly,continuously,repeatedly,repeatedly,repeatedly,again

5,emotionappearance:

suddenly,suddenly,gladly,incredibly,rashly,silently

6,positiveandnegative:

will,must,must,must,indeed,forsure,no,no,no,no

7.Estimation:

approximately,approximately,seemingly,perhaps,perhaps,almost

8,tone:

but,partial,not,just,whether,simply,anyway,really

9,theway:

quietly,secretly,personally,together,eachother

Nine,preposition:

Prepositionsareusedinfrontofnouns,pronouns,orphrasestoformprepositionalphrases,indicatingtime,place,manner,object,purpose,etc..

1,indicatingtime:

from,since,to,in,in,when,in

2,indicatingtheplace:

from,from,toward,towards,in,in,along,along,along

3,expressionway:

accordingto,accordingto,accordingto,pass,pass,use,take,take,dependon

4:

object:

right,for,on,on,give,andfollow,together,by,by,call,let

5,expressthepurpose:

for,for,for

6,expresscomparison:

ratio,heel,same,sum

7.Expressingexclusion:

except,excluding,andremoving

Ten.Conjunctions:

Conjunctionsarewordsusedtoconnectwords,phrases,clausesorsentences.Suchas:

and,withthesame,and,and,or,notonly,nomatter,evenif,eventhough,since,eventhough,rather,nomatter,if,becauseof,and,aslongas,only,but,however,otherwise,besides,but,but,so,so,so,thus,and,and,and,and,or,or,,

Eleven,auxiliaryword

1.Structureauxiliarywords:

theground,theground,theplace,theplace,theappearance

2,dynamicauxiliarywords:

thepast,thepast,thepast

3,particles,,,,,,,ah,ah,wow,wow,twenty-twointerjection:

Ah!

Kazakhstan!

Hey!

Oh!

Oh!

Hum!

Well!

Hee!

Hello!

Kazakhstan!

Bah!

Hi!

Well！

Oh!

Thirteen.Onomatopoeia

Bang!

Jingle!

Rumble!

Thump!

Crackling!

Tick!

Whistling!

Clang!

Dingdong!

Xilihuala!

Secondsectionsandphrases

Thecombinationofwordsandwordsformphrases.Phrasesarealsocalledphrases.Aphraseismadeupoftwoormorethantwowords.

Accordingtothestructureofphrasewordrelations,juniorhighschooltomaster:

coordinatephrases（CP）,partialphrases,verbphrases,complementphrasesandsubjectverbphrasesfivephrases,highschooltouniversitywillmasterthesubjectverbobjectphrases,phrases,andeventhatofconcurrentphraserepeatedphrase,prepositionalphraseafixedphrase（idioms,fourcharacteridioms）andotherphrases（"thephrase","wordphrases,adjectivephrases,phrases,phrases,tighteningspecialdoublenegativephrases,temporaryphrases）andothertypesofphrases.

1,coordinatephrases（jointphrases）:

cattleandsheep,tallandbig,flowersandteenagers,learninganddiscussion,enthusiasmandgenerosity,workers,farmers,research,beautyandgenerosity...

2,thephrase:

Grasslandnight,hastilyfarewell,verycute,woodenhouse,freshair,thischild,mystory,afan,morethanadozensoldiers,woolcoat,lastwinter...

3,movingobjectphrases:

buyflowers,wearclothes,wanttosleep,...

4,addphrase:

washclean,beautiful,...

5,subjectpredicatephrase:

industrydeveloped,springarrived,wegoback,twochildrendarenotspeak,theysayandlaugh,windstop,singingiscrispandsweet,Wangtworun...

Accordingtotheclassificationofgrammaticalfunctionwordsphrases,nounphrasescanbedividedinto:

（agreatleader,myideal）,verbphrase（study,tellme,takeatrip,welcome,dance）,adjectivephrase（gloriousandarduous,verybeautiful,verybeautiful）.

Insectionthird,thesentence

The1sentence,accordingtothestructureoftherelationshipisdividedintosimplesentenceandcomplexsentence.

Composedofawordorphrasecalledthesentencesentence.

Consistingoftwoormorethantwosentencescalledthesentencesentence.Inthesentence,calledthesentenceclauses.

2,complexsentencesaccordingtothelogicalrelationshipbetweentheclausescanbedividedinto:

coordinatecomplexsentence,undertakecomplexsentences,progressivecomplexsentence,selectcomplexsentence,turncomplexsentence,causeandeffectcomplexsentence,hypotheticalcomplexsentence,conditionalcomplexsentenceandsooneightkinds.

3,sentencesaredividedintodeclarativesentences,interrogativesentences,excl