绿色建筑评价体系研究.docx

绿色建筑评价体系研究.docx

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绿色建筑评价体系研究

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天津大学研究生毕业论文

绿色建筑评价体系研究

TheStudyontheGreenBuildingAssessmentSystem

（申请硕士学位）

院系建筑学院

摘要

当前，可持续发展已经成为全球对人类社会长期发展的思想战略的共识，在

建筑界，生态、绿色建筑设计研究与实践是对这一思想的积极回应与努力。

然而

国内目前普遍对绿色建筑设计的本质还没有予以清晰的认识，更是出现了一些将

生态、绿色建筑作为口号谋求商业利益的现象。

在这样的背景下，有必要建立起

一套公正、客观、系统的绿色建筑评估体系，切实的推动真正意义上的绿色建筑

设计和实践。

本文所研究的内容正是围绕绿色建筑评价这一主题而展开，论文首先对可持

续概念及其在建筑领域的发展进行了整理和回顾，指出建筑在人类对自然环境及

其生活质量的影响中起着重要作用，绿色建筑的健康发展需一套因地制宜的、客

观的、可被量化的指标评估体系作为保证。

在此基础之上，论文先从理论层面展

开对这一评价体系的探讨，认为建立整体环境观是绿色建筑及其评价体系的思想

出发点，进一步澄清可持续建筑、生态建筑等相关概念之间的关系，引入寿命周

期评价概念并具体说明了建筑在其寿命周期内对环境的影响，并从实施目的和意

义、基本原则、评价标准和机制等各角度对评价体系制定及实施进行深入的阐述。

进而，论文通过对西方国家几个先进的绿色建筑及材料评估体系的探讨，从实例

角度分析了它们对建立我国绿色建筑评价体系的借鉴意义。

最后，论文回顾介绍

了我国绿色建筑的发展历程和现状，通过对当前国内已有的相关评价体系的探讨，

提出了对建立和完善我国绿色建筑评估体系的建议。

关键词：

绿色建筑;评价体系;环境性能;指标内容摘要

-II-

ABSTRACT

Thesustainableconcepthasgraduallybeenacceptedallovertheworldwithrespect

toalmostallaspectsofhumandevelopment.Forbuildingindustry,theenvironmental

impactofbuildingshasbeenthemostlyconcernedtopicinresponsetothe

sustainabledevelopmentcontext.WhereasinChina,untilnowconceptsonthis

subjecthavenotbeenclearlyexpoundedyet.Thereareevensomepeoplemakeuseof

thesubjectstopursuetheirowncommercialprofit.Therefore,itisnecessarytoset

upaprecise,objectiveassessmentsystemtoprovidevaluablereferenceforthe

developmentofgreenbuildingsinChina.

Thisdissertationisintendedasageneralexplorationofgreenbuildingassessment

systems.Firstly,itreviewsthedevelopmentofsustainableconceptinbuilding

industry,pointsoutthatbuildingsplayanimportantroleintherelationshipbetween

humanlifeandnature,andtheflourishofgreenbuildingsshouldbeguaranteedbyan

adjustable,objectiveandquantitiveassessmentsystem.Onthatfoundationthe

dissertationprovidesasurveyoftheoreticalresearch,emphasizesthatthestandpoint

ofgreenbuildinganditsassessmentsystemshouldbebasedonanecological

philosophy,clarifiedseveralrelatednotions:

sustainablebuildings,ecological

buildings,greenbuildingsandsoon,introducestheconceptofLifeCircle

Assessment（LCA）andtheenvironmentalimpactduringabuilding’slifecircle,

deeplyanalyzesthesystemfromtheaspectsofobjectiveandsignificance,essential

principles,criteriaandmechanism.Moreover,thedissertationgivesdescriptionsof

severaladvancedgreenbuildingassessmentsinwesterncountries.Finally,itreviews

thedevelopmentofgreenbuildingsinChinaandendeavoredtoprovidesome

referencefortheestablishmentofthesysteminChina.

Keywords:

greenbuilding,assessmentsystem,environmentalperformance,

benchmark目录

-III-

目录

前言....................................................................................................................................................1

第一章绪论....................................................................................................................................3

1.1实施全球化人类生存环境的可持续发展战略....................................................................................4

1.1.1凸现的环境压力...................................................................................................................................4

1.1.2实现全人类的可持续发展.................................................................................................................4

1.1.3可持续主题下的绿色建筑战略........................................................................................................5

1.2绿色建筑的实施及其评价体系的建立....................................................................................................8

1.2.1绿色建筑的实施...................................................................................................................................9

1.2.2绿色建筑评价体系的建立..................................................................................................................12

第二章绿色建筑评价体系的基本理论....................................................................................14

2.1建立整体的生态建筑观........................................................................................................................15

2.1.1建筑、人和环境...................................................................................................................................15

2.1.2建立整体的生态建筑观.....................................................................................................................15

2.2绿色建筑及其评价的基本概念.................................................................................................................18

2.2.1绿色建筑及其相关概念.....................................................................................................................18

2.2.2环境性评价...........................................................................................................................................20

2.3寿命周期评价（LCA）理论及其绿色建筑领域的应用.....................................................................21

2.3.1寿命周期评价（LCA））的基本概念..................................................................................................21

2.3.2建筑的寿命周期评价分析.................................................................................................................23

2.4绿色建筑评价及其实施的目的和意义....................................................................................................25

2.4.1绿色建筑评价的界定..........................................................................................................................25

2.4.2实行绿色建筑评价的意义.................................................................................................................25

2.5绿色建筑评价的基本原则..........................................................................................................................28

2.5.1可持续发展原则...................................................................................................................................28

2.5.2科学性原则...........................................................................................................................................28

2.5.3开放性原则...........................................................................................................................................28

2.5.4协调性原则...........................................................................................................................................29

2.6绿色建筑评价的标准..................................................................................................................................30

2.6.1建筑环境标准.......................................................................................................................................30

2.6.2绿色建筑评价体系标准的制定........................................................................................................30

2.6.3绿色建筑评价体系标准的内容........................................................................................................32

2.7绿色建筑评价的机制..................................................................................................................................35

2.7.1评估方法................................................................................................................................................35目录

-IV-

2.7.2评价体系的分类...................................................................................................................................37

2.7.3评价体系的权重系数..........................................................................................................................37

2.7.4评价过程................................................................................................................................................37

第三章当代西方国家绿色建筑评价体系介绍........................................................................39

3.1英国建筑研究组织环境评价法（BREEAM）.....................................................................................40

3.1.1BREEAM的发展历程......................................................................................................................40

3.1.2BREEAM的评估方法......................................................................................................................40

3.1.3BREEAM的评估实例......................................................................................................................43

3.2绿色建筑挑战（GBC）.............................................................................................................................44

3.2.1绿色建筑挑战（GBC）的发展历程...............................................................................................44

3.2.2绿色建筑挑战（GBC）的评估方法...............................................................................................44

3.2.3GBC评价实例介绍...............................................................................................................................46

3.3美国能源及环境设计先导计划（LEED）.............................................................................................48

3.3.1LEED体系的发展简介.....................................................................................................................48

3.3.2LEED体系的评价方法.....................................................................................................................48

3.3.3LEED评价实例介绍.........................................................................................................................49

3.4其他研究成果简介.......................................................................................................................................51

3.4.1BEES2.0的基本概念........................................................................................................................51

3.4.2BEES的评价方法..............................................................................................................................52

3.4.3BEES的评价实例.......................................................................