美国文学复习.docx
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美国文学复习
PartOne
AuthorsandtheirWorksand/ortheirSchoolsofVariousPeriods
一、TheLiteratureofColonialAmerica殖民时期
1.CaptainJohnSmith(1580—1631)约翰·史密斯
FounderofJamestown,Virginia
ThefirstpermanentsettlementinNorthAmerica
HisjournalsandreportsregardedasthefirstdistinctAmericanliteraturewritteninEnglish
Mainworks:
GeneralHistoryofVirginia,NewEngland,andtheSummerIsles(1624)
TheTrueTravels,Adventure,andObservationsofCaptainJohnSmith(1630)
AdvertisementsfortheUnexperiencedPlantersofNewEngland,orAnywhere(1631)
ADescriptionofNewEngland(1964)
2.WilliamBradford(1590—1657)威廉·布拉德福
TheearliestleaderofPlymouthColony
MayflowerCompactwaswrittenmostlybyhim
Otherworks:
TheHistoryofPlymouthPlantation
HomesintheWilderness—aPilgrim'sJournalofPlymouthPlantationin1620
3.AnneBradstreet(1612—1672)安妮·布拉德斯特里特
Mainworks:
TheTenthMuseLatelySprungUpinAmerica(1650)
TheFleshandtheSpirit
Contemplations(Meditations)
ToMyDearandLovingHusband
BeforetheBirthofOneofHerChildren
4.EdwardTaylor(1645
(2)—1729)爱德华·泰勒
ThebestofPuritanPoets,hiscompleteeditionofpoemswaspublishedover200yearsafterhisdeath
Works:
God'sDeterminationsTouchingHisElect,(in1685)
PreparatoryMeditations
5.JohnWinthrop(1588—1649)约翰•温思罗普
Works:
AModelofChristianCharity
TheHistoryofNewEngland
6.CottonMather(1663–1728)科顿•马瑟
MagnaliaChristiAmericana(orTheEcclesiasticalHistoryofNewEngland)(1702)
二、TheLiteratureofReasonandRevolution启蒙时期
1.ThomasPaine(1737—1809)托马斯·潘恩
AneditorofPennsylvaniaMagazine
Works:
TheCaseoftheOfficersofExcise
CommonSense(1776)--ThefirstpamphletpublishedinAmerica
AmericanCrisis(1776-1783)(includes16essays)
RightsofMan(1791-1792)
DownfallofDespotism
TheAgeofReason(1794-1795)
2.ThomasJefferson(1743—1826)托马斯·杰弗逊
TheDeclarationofIndependence--mainlydraftedbyhim
3.BenjaminFranklin(1706—1790)本杰明·富兰克林
Aversatilecharacterasapolitician,scientist,businessman,printer,masterofdiplomacyandwriter
Works:
PoorRichard’sAlmanac(1732)
TheWaytoWealth(1758)
TheAutobiography(1768)
4.JonathanEdwards(1703—1758)乔纳森·爱德华兹
Works:
AFaithfulNarrativeoftheSurprisingWorkofGod(1738)
FreedomoftheWill(1754),
TheGreatChristianDoctrineofOriginalSin(1758)
TheNatureofTrueVirtue(1765)
5.PhilipMorinFreneau(1752-1832)菲利普•莫里恩•弗瑞诺
Works:
TheRisingGloryofAmerica(1772)
TheBritishPrisonShip
TotheMemoryoftheBraveAmericans
TheWildHoneysuckle(1786)
TheIndianBuryingGround(1788)
三、TheRomanticPeriodofAmericanLiterature浪漫时期
(一)TheRepresentativesoftheearlyAmericanromanticism
1.WashingtonIrving(1783—1859)华盛顿·欧文
Works:
AHistoryofNewYorkfromtheBeginningoftheWorldtotheEndoftheDutchDynasty(1809)
TheSketchBook(orTheSketchBookofGeoffreyCrayon,Gent.)(1819-1820)
––RipVanWinkle
––TheLegendofSleepyHollow
––––markedthebeginningofshortstoryasagenreinAmericanliterature
––––markedthebeginningofAmericanRomanticism
BracebridgeHall(1822)
TalesofaTraveler(1824)
TheHistoryoftheLifeandVoyagesofChristopherColumbus(1828)
AChronicleoftheConquestofGranada(1829)
TalesoftheAlhambra(1832)
TheCrayonMiscellany(1835)
––ATouronthePrairie
––Astoria
––AdventuresofCaptainBonneville
LifeofGoldsmith(1840,1849revise)
BiographyandPoeticalRemainsoftheLateMargaretMillerDavidson(1841)
LifeofGeorgeWashington(1859)
2.JamesFenimoreCooper(1789—1851)詹姆斯·芬尼莫尔·库珀
RepresentativeWorks:
1)BorderNovel
LeatherstockingTales(五部曲)
--ThePioneers(1823)
--TheLastoftheMohicans(1826)
--ThePrairie(1827)
--ThePathfinder(1840)
--TheDeerslayer(1841)
2)SeaNovel
ThePilot(1823)
TheRedRover(1827)
AfloatandAshore(1844)
JackTier(1848)
TheSeaLions(1849)
3)SocialandHistoricalNovel
TheSpy(1821)
LionelLincoln(1824)
TheWaterWitch(1830)
TheBravo(1831)
TheHeadsman(1832)
TheTwoAdmirals(1842)
TheLittlepageManuscripts(1845-6)--atrilogy
--Satanstoe(1845)
--TheChainBearer(1845)
--TheRedskins,orIndianandInjin(1846)
TheWaysoftheHour(1850)
4)Othertitlesinclude
Precaution(1820)--thefirstfiction
HomewardBound(1838)
HomeasFound(1838)(EveEffingham)
TheWing-and-Wing(1842)
TheCrater(1847)--anutopianfiction
OakOpenings(1848)
5)Non-Fiction
NotionsoftheAmericans:
PickedUpbyaTravellingBachelor(1828)
LettertoGeneralLafayette(1831)
SketchesofSwitzerland(1836)
GleaningsinEurope(1837-38)
TheAmericanDemocrat(1838)
TheHistoryoftheNavyoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica(1839)
TheLivesofDistinguishedNavalOfficers(1846)
TheTownsofManhattan(1851)
(二)TheEssayists
3.RalphWaldoEmerson(1803-1882)拉尔夫•沃尔多•爱默生
LeadingspiritoftheTranscendentalClubinConcord
Works:
Nature(1836)--hisfirstbook
Essays:
FirstSeries(1841)
Essays:
SecondSeries(1844)
RepresentativeMen(orUsesofGreatMen)(1850)
4.HenryDavidThoreau(1817-1862)亨利•大卫•梭罗
Works:
AulusPersiusFlaccus(1840)
TheService(1840)
AWalktoWachusett(1842)
Paradise(tobe)Regained(1843)
TheLandlord(1843)
SirWalterRaleigh(1844)
HeraldofFreedom(1844)
WendellPhillipsBeforetheConcordLyceum(1845)
ReformandtheReformers(1846-8)
ThomasCarlyleandHisWorks(1847)
AWeekontheConcordandMerrimackRivers(1849)
ResistancetoCivilGovernment,orCivilDisobedience(1849)
AnExcursiontoCanada(1853)
SlaveryinMassachusetts(1854)
Walden(1854)
APleaforCaptainJohnBrown(1859)
RemarksAftertheHangingofJohnBrown(1859)
TheLastDaysofJohnBrown(1860)
Walking(1861)
WildApples:
TheHistoryoftheAppleTree(1862)
(三)RomanticNovelist
5.NathanielHawthorne(1804-l864)纳撒尼尔·霍桑
1)Novels
Fanshawe(1828)publishedanonymously
TheScarletLetter(1850)
TheHouseoftheSevenGables(1851)
TheBlithedaleRomance(1852)
TheMarbleFaun(1860)
TheDolliverRomance(1863)
2)Shortstorycollections
Twice-ToldTales(1837)
Grandfather'sChair(1840)
MossesfromanOldManse(1846)
TheSnow-Image,andOtherTwice-ToldTales(1852)
AWonder-BookforGirlsandBoys(1852)
TanglewoodTales(1853)
3)Selectedshortstories
MyKinsman,MajorMolineux(1832)
YoungGoodmanBrown(1835)
TheGrayChampion(1835)
TheWhiteOldMaid(1835)
TheAmbitiousGuest(1835)
TheMinister'sBlackVeil(1836)
TheManofAdamant(1837)
TheMaypoleofMerryMount(1837)
TheGreatCarbuncle(1837)
Dr.Heidegger'sExperiment(1837)
TheBirth-Mark(1843)
Egotism;or,TheBosom-Serpent(1843)
TheArtistoftheBeautiful(1844)
Rappaccini'sDaughter(1844)
EthanBrand(1850)
Feathertop(1852)
6.HermanMelville(1819-1891)赫尔曼•梅尔维尔
Works:
1)Novels
——adventuresamongthepeopleofSouthPacific(PolynesianTrilogy)
Typee(1846)
Omoo(1847)
Mardi(1849)
Redburn(1849)--avoyagetoEngland
WhiteJacket(1850)--lifeonaUnitedStatesman-of-war
Mobydick(1851)--whaling
Pierre(1852)
TheConfidence-Man(1857)
BillyBudd(1924)
2)LongStories
BenitoCereno(1856)
BartlebytheScrivener(1856)
3)Poem
Clarel:
APoemandPilgrimageintheHolyLand(1876)
7.EdgarAllanPoe(1809-1849)埃德加•爱伦•坡
Selectedlistofworks:
1)Tales
TalesoftheGrotesqueandArabesque(1840)
ThePurloinedLetter(1844)
TheGold-Bug(1847)
TheMurdersintheRueMorgue(1847)
TheBlackCat
TheCaskofAmontillado
ADescentintotheMaelstrom
TheFactsintheCaseofM.Valdemar
TheFalloftheHouseofUsher
Ligeia
MS.FoundinaBottle
TheMasqueoftheRedDeath
TheOvalPortrait
ThePitandthePendulum
ThePrematureBurial
TheSystemofDoctorTarrandProfessorFether
TheTell-TaleHeart
TheDevilintheBelfry
Hop-Frog
2)Poetry
AlAaraaf
AnnabelLee
AnAcrostic
AnEnigma
AValentine
BridalBallad
DeepinEarth
Eldorado
Eulalie
Israfel
Lenore
Tamerlane
TheBells
TheCityintheSea
TheValleyofUnrest
TheCityintheSea
TheColiseum
TheRaven
ToHelen
ToScience
ToMyMother
ToTheRiver
ToIsaacLea
ToOneinParadise
(四)AmericanRomanticPoets
8.HenryWadsworthLongfellow(1807–1882)亨利•沃兹沃斯•朗费罗
Listofworks:
1)Poetries
Outre-Mer:
APilgrimageBeyondtheSea(Travelogue)(1835)
TheReaperandtheFlowers(1839)
Hyperion,aRomance(1839)
TheVillageBlacksmith(manuscriptpage1)(1841)
TheSpanishStudent(APlayinThreeActs)(1843)
Evangeline:
ATaleofAcadie(epicpoem)(1847)
Kavanagh:
ATale(1849)
TheGoldenLegend(poem)(1851)
TheSongofHiawatha(epicpoem)(1855)
TheChildren'sHour(1860)
HouseholdPoems(1865)
TheNewEnglandTragedies(1868)
TheDivineTragedy(1871)
Christus:
AMystery(1872)
TheBellofAtri(fromTheSicilian'sTale)(1863–72)
Aftermath(poem)(1873)
2)Translations
CoplasdeDonJorgeManrique(TranslationfromSpanish)(1833)
Dante'sDivineComedy(Translation)(1867)
3)Anthologies
PoetsandPoetryofEurope(Translations)(1844)
TheWaif(1845)
PoemsofPlaces(1874)
9.WaltWhitman(1819-1892)沃尔特•惠特曼
ListofWorks:
LeavesofGrass
SongsofMyself(asinglepoem)
Inscription
ChildrenofAdam
Calamus
BirdsofPassage
Sea-Drift
BytheRoadside
DrumTaps
MemoriesofPresidentLincoln
AutumnRivulets
WhispersofHeavenlyDeath
FromNoontoStarryNight
SongsofParting
SandsatSeventy
Good-byeMyFancy
10.EmilyDickinson(1830-1886)埃米莉•狄金森
Theonlyfemalepoetduringthe19thcenturyofAmericanliterature
四、TheAgeofRealism现实主义时期
Itisdividedintofourphasesortrends:
Beginning,localColorism,NaturalismandMuckraker.
Italsohasseve