初中英语阅读理解日常生活类真题.docx
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初中英语阅读理解日常生活类真题
2020-2021年阅读理解日常生活类真题
一、英语阅读理解日常生活类（含答案详细解析）
1．阅读下列材料，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Inthepark,youseeagroupofpeople,alllookingupatthesky.Withoutthinkingaboutit,youlookupwards,too.Why?
Intheconcert,someonebeginstoclapandsuddenlythewholeroomjoinsin.Youdo,too.Why?
Sometimeswefeelweareactingcorrectlywhenwedothesameasothers.Themorepeoplefollowanidea,thebetterortruerwethinktheideais.It'sthesocialproof（社会认同感）thatworks.
ThescientistAschcarriedoutanexperiment.Itshowshowsocialproofcaninfluenceus.Inaroom,amanisshownLine1,andnexttoitarethreelines（A,B,C）.Aislonger,CisshorterandBisaslongasLine1.HemusttellwhichofthethreelinesisaslongasLine1.Whenthemanisalone,hegivesthecorrectanswerB.Then,fiveothermenentertheroom,andeachofthemgivestheanswerCastheyweretoldto.NowthemanchangeshisideaandgivestheanswerC.Aschgotthesameresultmanytimesamongdifferentsubjects（实验对象）.
Whydoweactlikethis?
Well,inthepast,followingotherswasawaytokeepfromdanger.Supposethat5000yearsagoyouwerehunting（打猎）withfriends.Suddenly,theyallranaway.Whatwouldyouhavedone?
Wouldyouhavestayed?
No,youwouldhaverun,too.Wearedescendants（后代）ofthosewhocopiedothers'action.Itissodeeplyplantedinourmindthatwestilluseitnow.
Socialproofhasspecialpower.Theadvertisingindustry,forexample,oftenmakesuseofit.Sobecapfulwheneveracompanysaysitsproductis"themostpopular".
（1）Atthebeginningofthepassage,thewriterleadsinthetopicby________.
A. tellingastory
B. givingexamples
C. answeringquestions
D. showingamap
（2）AccordingtoParagraph3,theexperimentbyAschshows________.
A. followingothersisalwaysright
B. socialproofmaychangepeople'sideas
C. it'sdifficulttocarryouttheexperiment
D. peoplecanstudybetteriftheyarealone
（3）Theunderlinedword"It"inParagraphgrefersto________.
A. runningwithothers
B. huntingwithfriends
C. copyingothers'action
D. doingsomethingdifferent
（4）Accordingtothepassage,wecaninfer（推断）that________.
A. it'simportanttorunwithothersanytime
B. productsintheadvertisementarethebest
C. wemustn'tcopyothers'actiontokeepsafe
D. weneedtothinktwicebeforefollowingothers
【答案】
（1）B
（2）B
（3）C
（4）D
【解析】【分析】短文大意：
这篇短文通过几个实例说明了社会认知感对人们的影响。
（1）细节理解题。
Inthepark,youseeagroupofpeople,alllookingupatthesky.Withoutthinkingaboutit,youlookupwards,too.Why?
Intheconcert,someonebeginstoclapandsuddenlythewholeroomjoinsin.Youdo,too.Why?
可知作者是通过实例说明了一个论点社会认同感的影响。
故选B。
（2）细节理解题。
第三段的实验内容主要讲让人们选择一个正确答案，在一个人单独思考的状况下，可以答对；当一群人一起看问题，并告知他们前面的人选择的一个错误答案，他们就都选择认可前人回答的错误答案，由此可知社会认同感会让人改变观点。
故选B。
（3）词意猜测题。
根据Supposethat5000yearsagoyouwerehunting（打猎）withfriends.Suddenly,theyallranaway.Whatwouldyouhavedone?
Wouldyouhavestayed?
No,youwouldhaverun,too.Wearedescendants（后代）ofthosewhocopiedothers'action. 这种观念深深种在我们的脑海中并且现在我们仍旧在使用。
可知it指的是人们抄袭他人的行动。
故选C。
（4）推理判断题。
根据Sobecarefulwheneveracompanysaysitsproductis"themostpopular".因此无论何时当一个公司说它的产品是对受欢迎的要小心。
可知当我们在跟从别人之前要再三考虑。
故选D。
【点评】此题考查阅读理解。
先阅读短文，了解短文大意，然后分析问题，弄清题意，再带着问题阅读短文，从短文的细节中找出问题答案。
对于推理判断题要根据文章中相关的细节进行推理判断，不要主观臆断，要根据作者的观点确定。
2．阅读理解
Thehumanbodyisamachinethatcanraiselotsofinterestingquestions.Why,forexample,areyawns（呵欠）contagious（传染的）?
What'supwithice-creamheadaches?
Hereareanswerstotheseandotherquestionsaboutourbodies.
WhydoIgetaheadachewhenIeaticecreamtooquickly?
Scientistsaren'texactlysurewhatcausesthebrainfreezewhenweeaticecreamorothersupercoldfoodstooquickly,thoughsomebelieveit'stheresultofchangedblood.flowinthenervoussystem.Bloodvesselsintheheadtightentostopthelossofbodyheatandthenrelaxtoletbloodflowrise;thatsuddenrushofbloodiswhatcausestheheadache.Youcanimproveanice-creamheadachebyrapidlyrubbingyourtongueacrosstheroofofyourmouthtohelpwarmupthings.
WhatcausesmystomachtomakealowcontinuousnoisewhenI'mhungry?
Actually,yourstomachmakesnoisewhetheryou'rehungryorfull;youjusthearitmoreclearlywhenyou'rehungry.Thinkofyourdigestivetract（消化道）asareallylongtubelinedwithsmoothmuscletissue.Thesemusclesmovefood,fluidsandgasthroughyourdigestivetract.___________.Itcanmakeyoufeelembarrassed（尴尬的）butisnothingtoworryabout.
WhydoIblushwhenI'membarrassed?
Whenyou'reembarrassed,yourbrainreleasesashotofadrenaline（肾上腺素）,whichmakesyourheartraceandbloodvesselsbecomelargerinsize.Allthishappenstoincreasebloodflowandoxygendeliverythroughoutthebodyinafight-or-flightreaction（对抗反应）.Therearealotoftinybloodvesselsinyourface,whichturnnoticeablyredderfromthissuddenrushofblood.Asfortheactualfunctionofblushing,researchersarestilltryingtofindthatoneout.
Whyareyawnscontagious?
Haveyoueveryawnedinfrontofsomeone,onlytohavethemyawnrightback?
It'sacommonthing,butresearchersdon'thaveagoodexplanationforit.Theydo,however,knowthishappensonlywithhumansandchimpanzees（黑猩猩）.Abiggerquestionpuzzlingscientistsiswhyweyawnatall.Itusedtobethoughtthatyawningshowedthatoxygentothebrainwasnotenough,butthat'sjustamyth.Agrowingbodyofresearchnowshowsthatyawningisnature'swayofkeepingourbrainscool.
（1）Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordtighten?
A. 变松 B. 变紧 C. 变短 D. 变长
（2）Whichofthefollowingsentencescanbefilledintheblank?
A. Andthat'swhatyou'rehearingwhenyourstomachmakesnoise.
B. Andthat'swhyyou'resohungrywhenyourstomachisempty
C. Andthat'swhatmakesyoufeeluncomfortablewhenyou'refull.
D. Andthat'showitmakesadifferencetoyourdigestivetract.
（3）WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A. Thereisnowayforyoutoimproveanice-creamheadache.
B. Researchershavefoundouttheactualfunctionofblushing.
C. Yourstomachmakesnoiseonlywhenyouarehungry.
D. Researchersdon'thaveagoodexplanationforwhyyawnsarecontagious.
（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?
A. SomeInterestingFacts
B. OurStrangeBody
C. SomeUsefulDiscoveries
D. OurAmazingFeelings
【答案】
（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】文章大意：
本文主要介绍提供一些问题和答案来说明人体是一台能提出许多有趣问题的机器。
（1）词义猜测题。
根据 Bloodvesselsintheheadtightentostopthelossofbodyheatandthenrelaxtoletbloodflowrise;thatsuddenrushofbloodiswhatcausestheheadache然后放松，让血液流动起来；这种突然的血液流动是导致头痛的原因。
你可以通过快速地将舌头摩擦到口腔顶部来帮助热身来改善冰淇淋头痛。
由relax，放松，动词，可知放松让血液流动，推知阻止血液流动的应该是变紧，因此tighten的意思是变紧，故选B。
（2）细节理解题。
根据上文Thesemusclesmovefood,fluidsandgasthroughyourdigestivetract.把你的消化道想象成一条很长的管道，内衬着平滑肌组织。
这些肌肉通过消化道输送食物、液体和气体。
可已推知这些肌肉通过消化道输送食物、液体和气体。
就会在胃里产生声音。
故选A。
（3）判断正误题。
根据Youcanimproveanice-creamheadachebyrapidlyrubbingyourtongueacrosstheroofofyourmouthtohelpwarmupthings.你可以通过快速地将舌头摩擦到口腔顶部来帮助热身来改善冰淇淋头痛。
可知选项A不符合文章内容，故排除A；Asfortheactualfunctionofblushing,researchersarestilltryingtofindthatoneout.至于脸红的实际作用，研究人员仍在努力找出其中之一。
可知选项B不符合文章内容，故排除B；youjusthearitmoreclearlywhenyou'rehungry.当你饿了的时候，你只会更清楚地听到声音。
可知选项C不符合文章内容，故排除C；It'sacommonthing,butresearchersdon'thaveagoodexplanationforit.这是一件很平常的事情，但研究人员对此没有很好的解释。
可知选项D符合文章内容，故选D。
（4）标题判断题。
根据文章大意本文主要介绍提供一些问题和答案来说明人体是一台能提出许多有趣问题的机器。
只有选项B，才能揭示文章的大意，故选B。
【点评】考查阅读理解，首先通读全文，了解全文大意，其次分析问题，抓住关键词，在文中寻找相关信息，确定答案，最后再检查一遍，确保答案正确。
3．根据短文内容，判断下列句子正误。
Doyouoftenlistentomusicatloudvolumes（音量）?
Youshouldknowthatthishabitisbadforyourhearing.Over1billionyoungpeopleareatriskofhearingloss（听力丧失）,becauseoflisteningtoloudnoiseforlongperiodsoftime.ListeningtomusicorwatchingaTVshowatloudvolumescanharmyourhearing.
TheUnitedNationshasstandardsforsafelistening.Itisnotsafetolistentosoundsthatarelouderthan85dB（分贝）foreighthoursor100dBfor15minutes.Thesoundofabusyroadisabout85dBandthesoundofarockconcertcanbeabout100dB.
Loudnoiseisharmfultotheinner二Mostofusarebonwithabout16,000haircells（听毛细胞）inourinnerears.Thesecellsnoticesounds.However,listeningtoloudnoiseforalongtimecanmakethesecellsworktoohardandcausesomeofthemtodie.Thisiswhatcauseshearingloss.Oncethishappens,it'shardtogetyourhearingback.
Somepeoplemightthinkthattheirmusicisn'tallthatloud.Butthiscandependonwhereyouare.Forexample,ifyouareinanoisyplacelikethesubway,youmightturnupyourmusictooloudwithoutrealizingit.Later,whenyoulistentoitatthesamevolumeinaquietplace,youalightfeeluncomfortable
The"safelevel"formostsoundisbelow80dBforupto40hoursaweek.Alevelof80dBisaboutequalto（相当于）thenoiseofasubway.
Hereissomeadviceonsafelistening.Over—the—earheadphones （头戴式耳机）arebetterthanin—earones.Theydoabetterjobofstoppingoutsidenoise,soyoucanlistenatalowervolume.Don'tlistentoloudmusiconyourheadphonesforalongtime.Followthe60:
60rule:
listentomusicat60percentofyourheadphones'maximumvolumefornomorethan60minutesaday.
（1）Itissafetolistentosoundsthatarelouderthan100dBfor15minutes
（2）Listeningtoloudnoiseforalongtimecancausesomehaircellsintheinnereartodie.
（3）
升级会员 