高考英语大一轮复习 第一部分 Unit 1 Great scientist.docx

高考英语大一轮复习 第一部分 Unit 1 Great scientist.docx

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高考英语大一轮复习第一部分Unit1Greatscientist

Unit1　Greatscientists

Ⅰ.情景默写

1．It’sverydifficultforustohandle（操纵）thismachine.

2．Theboatstartedtospin（旋转）aroundinthewater.

3．Ihadmanyreasonsforsuspecting（怀疑）thisapproach.

4．Hisinjuriesweresevere（严重的）andhewasrushedtohospital.

5．Thepresidentbecametooenthusiastic（热心的）overabignavy.

6．Heisintenselycautious（谨慎的）nottomakemistakesinspelling.

7．Employeesareexpectedandrequiredtoattend（参加）teammeetings.

8．Thecharacteristics（特征）ofthemachinearefullydetailedinourbrochure.

9．Weshouldanalyse（分析）whattheysaidandnotjustagreewitheverything.

10．Mostscientistsacceptthatclimatechangeislinked（联系）tocarbonemissions.

11．Asanexpert（专家）inEnglish，whatwouldyouadvisemetoprepareforthecontest?

12．Thedoctoriswell－knownforhavingcured（治疗）somepeopleofthedeadlydisease.

13．Thearmywaswell－trainedandwell－armed，andhadlittledifficultydefeating（击败）theenemy.

14．Thefoodenvironmentthatyou’reexposed（暴露）totodayismuchdifferentfromwhenIwasaboy.

15．Don’twastetimethinkingaboutasentencewhichdoesn’tmake_sense（讲得通）．

16．Eatingtoomuchfatcanlead_to（导致）heartdiseaseandcausehighbloodpressure.

17．Iwrotealetterofcomplaint，andthemanagerhaspromisedtolook_into（调查）thematter.

18．IthinkthatitisIratherthanmysisterthatam_to_blame（应受责备）forwhathashappened.

19．Apart_from（除……之外）theEnglishclass，ItookanactivepartinEnglishCornerandotherafter－classEnglishactivities.

20．Everyoneissupposedtoput_forward（提出）somesuggestionsonhowtoimproveourenvironmentatthemeeting.

Ⅱ.词性转换

1．Youmustreadtheinstructions（instruct）beforetakingthemedicine.

2．Herproposalmetwithcontinualrejections（reject），whichmadehermad.

3．Wecancometotheconclusion（conclude）thatnothingissopreciousasfreedomintheworld.

4．Igetsoabsorbed（absorb）indoingsomethingthatIamunawareofthingshappeningroundme.

5．Iwanttobeascientisttodiscoverascientificbreakthroughtosavepeople’slives.（science）

6．Theworkersareconstructingthebridgedamagedbytheflood，andthebridgeunderconstructionconnectstheroadwiththetown.（construct）

7．Thefirstladyhascontributedalotofmoneytotheschoolandshehasmadegreatcontributionstoeducation.（contribute）

8．IwasboredwithmyjobandfeltIneededanewchallenge．LastweekIgotanewjobinabigfirm，andIfounditverychallenging．（challenge）

9．MaryannouncedtoherteammatesthatshewastomarryaChineseboy.Theannouncementoftheirmarriagewouldappearinthelocalnewspapernextweek.（announce）

10．ShewasalsothefirstfemalepainterrecordedinChinesepaintinghistory.（paint）

1．句型公式：

neither...nor...“既不……也不……”，连接两个并列的句子成分

这个周末，汤姆和他的父母都不打算去看电影。

Neither_Tom_nor_his_parents_are_going_toseethefilmthisweekend.

2．句型公式：

everytime“每次”，作连词用，引导时间状语从句

每次我去拜访他，他总是在忙着做家庭作业。

Every_time_I_call_on_him，heisalwaysbusywithhishomework.

3．句型公式：

onlyif...“只要，只有”，位于句首时后面的主句需用部分倒装

只要你有目标而且持之以恒地去追求，那么你就能实现梦想。

Onlyifyouhaveagoalandgoforitwithperseverancecan_you_realize_your_dream．

第一板块

核心词汇

1．concludevt.&vi.断定；推断；使结束，终止；达成；缔结

高考必刷题练透

单句语法填空/完成句子

①Heconcludedfromtheirremarksthattheywerenotinfavouroftheplan.

②Inconclusion（conclude），IwouldliketosayhowmuchIhaveenjoyedmyselftoday.

③Heconcluded_his_speech_with_a_famous_saying“wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”

他以一句名言“有志者，事竟成”结束他的演讲。

状元笔记全记牢

（1）conclude...with...就某事与某人达成协议；以……结束

concludesth.from...从……推断出……

（2）conclusionn．结论；结束

arriveat/cometo/draw/make/reachaconclusion得出结论

inconclusion总之；最后

2．attendvt.照顾；护理；出席；参加；上学

高考必刷题练透

单句语法填空/完成句子

①Ican’tgooutwithyoutonightbecauseIhaveanurgentthingtoattendto．

②Shewaspraisedforhaving_attended_on/upon/tohersickmother－in－lawforoverthirtyyears.

她伺候生病的婆婆三十多年，受到人们的称赞。

状元笔记全记牢

attendschool/class/church上学/上课/做礼拜

attendtosb./sth.专心，留意，倾听某人/某事；处理，对付；照料，关怀

attendon/uponsb.照料、服侍某人

3．absorbvt.吸收；吸引；使专心；并入；合并

高考必刷题练透

单句语法填空/一句多译

①Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.

②Absorbed（absorb）inhiswork，hesimplyforgottohavesupperandsleep.

③Whatgasdoplantsabsorbfromtheatmosphere?

④专注读一本好书的时候，时间总是过得很快。

④－1Timepassesquicklywhenyou_are_buried_in_readingagoodbook.

④－2Timepassesquicklywhenyou_are_absorbed/lost_in_readingagoodbook.

④－3Timepassesquicklywhenyou_are_devoted_to_readingagoodbook.

状元笔记全记牢

（1）absorbone’sattention吸引某人注意

absorb...into...把……吸收进……

absorb...from...从……中吸收……

（2）absorbedadj.聚精会神的；专心致志的，极感兴趣的

beabsorbedin全神贯注于

【点津】

表示“全神贯注于”的常见短语还有：

belostin，beburiedin，bedevotedto等。

4．blamevt.责备；谴责；归咎于　n．过失；责备

高考必刷题练透

单句语法填空/一句多译

①Manychildrenareafraidofbeing_blamed（blame）forfailingtheexam.

②Ifasonisuneducated，hisdadisto_blame（blame）．

③Iamreadytotaketheblameforthemistake.

④不要总把自己的失败归咎于他人，有时该怪你自己。

④－1Don’talwaysblame_your_own_failure_onothers.Sometimesyouyourselfare_to_blame．（blamev．）

④－2Don’talwaysput/lay_the_blame_on_othersforyourownfailure.Sometimesyouyourselfshould_take_the_blame．（blamen．）

状元笔记全记牢

（1）blamesb.for（doing）sth.因（做）某事而责备某人

blamesth.onsb.将……归咎于某人

betoblame（for）应（为……）承担责任；该（为……）受责备（用主动形式表被动意义）

（2）taketheblame承担责任

put/laytheblameonsb.（for）（为……）把责任推到某人身上

5．exposevt.暴露；揭露；使曝光

高考必刷题练透

单句语法填空/句型转换

①Somepeoplethinkweshouldn’texposethechildrentoplaying（play）computergames.

②Don’texposeyourskintodirectsunlight，oryou’llgetsunburnt.

③Exposingyourselftothesunlightfortoolongwillbeharmfultoyourskin.

→Beingexposedtothesunlightfortoolongwilldoharmtoyourskin.

→If（you_are）exposedtothesunlightfortoolong，youwillgetyourskinharmed.

状元笔记全记牢

exposesth.tosb.向某人揭发某事

exposesb.tosth.使某人接触到某物；使某人面临；使某人遭受

beexposedto暴露于……；处于……危险中

【点津】

to为介词，后接名词、动名词，不可接动词原形。

6．instructvt.命令；指示；教导

高考必刷题练透

单句语法填空/句型转换

①Thecollegewillneedanadditionalteachertoinstructtheboysincooking.

②Theyinstructedhimto_leave（leave）thecountryatonce.

③Followtheinstructions（instruct）onthepacketcarefully.

④Heinstructedhertoremainwhereshewas.

→Heinstructedthatshe_（should）remainwhereshewas.

状元笔记全记牢

（1）instructsb.todosth.命令某人做某事

instructsb.in（doing）sth.指导某人（做）某事

instructsb.that...（should）dosth.命令……（宾语从句中用虚拟语气）

（2）instructiveadj.指示性的；有教育意义的

instructionn．指令；说明（常用复数）

7．curen．治愈；痊愈　vt.治愈；治疗

高考必刷题练透

单句语法填空/完成句子

①Nowdoctorsbelievetheyhavecuredhimofthedisease.

②ProfessorWangsaidthereasonofshortsightednessiscomplicatedandthatthere_is_still_no_excellent_cure_for_it（针对近视仍然没有好的治疗方法）．

状元笔记全记牢

acurefor...针对……的治疗（法）

curesb./adisease治疗好某人/治疗（治愈）某种疾病

curesb.ofsth.治愈某人的疾病/改掉某人的恶习等

8．putforward提出（建议）；推荐；将……提前；将（钟表等）向前拨

高考必刷题练透

写出下列句子中putforward的含义

①Itmaynotbeagreatsuggestion.Butbeforeabetteroneisputforward，we’llmakedowithit.提出

②Theyhaveputforwardthedateoftheirweddingbyoneweek.将……提前

③Mywatchwasslow，soIputitforwardthreeminutes.将……向前拨

④Shewasputforwardasanadvancedworker.推荐

状元笔记全记牢

putaside节省；储蓄；储存；留出

putaway放好；积蓄

putoff延期；推迟

putout熄灭；生产

putup举起；张贴；建立；提供食宿

第二板块

经典句式

9．makesense讲得通；有意义

高考必刷题练透

单句语法填空/句型转换

①CanyoumakesenseofwhatthisAmericanissaying?

②AsfarasI’mconcerned，thereisnosenseingetting（get）upsetaboutitnow.

③Itdoesn’tmakesensetobuythecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.

→Thereisnosenseinbuyingthecheapestbrandofcomputerjusttosaveafewdollars.

状元笔记全记牢

（1）makesenseof理解；明白

makenosense没道理；没意义

（2）inasense在某一方面；就某种意义来说

innosense决不（位于句首时用部分倒装）

（3）Thereisno/littlesenseindoingsth.做某事没道理/没意义

10．onlyif只有，只要

高考必刷题练透

单句语法填空/完成句子

①Onlyifateacherhasgivenpermissionisastudentallowedtoleavetheroom.

②OnlywhenLilywalkedintotheofficedidsherealizethatshehadleftthecontractathome.

③Ifonlyhehad（have）somethingtostandonnow.

④Only_if_people_trust_each_other_can_they（人们只有相互信任才能）cooperateandworkwell.

⑤It’stoobadthatIfailedinthemathexam.If_only_I_had_worked_hard_at_it（要是我之前努力学习就好了）!

状元笔记全记牢

（1）onlyif只有，只要，引导的状语从句在句首时，主句要用部分倒装

（2）ifonly但愿，要是……就好了，引导的状语从句使用虚拟语气，表达对现在、将来的愿望或与过去事实相反的愿望

【点津】

only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句并放在句首时，句子用部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或be动词放在主语之前。

Ⅰ.课文语法填空

JohnSnow，awell－knowndoctorinLondon，became1.inspired（inspire）whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeoplewho2.were_exposed（expose）tocholera，a3.deadly（dead）diseaseofhisday.Thousandsofpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak4.becausenooneknewthecauseofit.Johnwantedtohelpsolve5.theproblem.

Hegotinterestedintwotheories6.explaining（explain）howcholerakilledpeople.Hebelievedinthesecondtheorythatsuggestedthatpeople7.absorbed（absorb）thediseasewiththeirmeals.In1854，8.whenanotheroutbreakhitLondon，hewasreadytotestthetwotheories.9.Withthehelpofthemaphemade，hegotavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthediseaseandwasabletoannouncethatthewaterwas10.to_blame（blame）．

Ⅱ.课文概要写作

细读本单元Reading部分，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的概要。

【参考范文】

JohnSnowwasawell－knowndoctorandexpertinLondon.（要点1）Hewantedtohelpordinarypeopleexposedtocholera—thedeadlydiseaseofitsday.（要点2）Hebelievedinthesecondtheorythatsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthediseasebythemouth.（要点3）Withthehelpofthemaphemade，hegotavaluableclueaboutthecauseandwasabletoannouncethatthewaterwastoblame