Peter-Newmark.pptx

Peter-Newmark.pptx

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PeterNewmark&LanguageFunctions,BriefIntroductionofPeterNewmark,PeterNewmark（12April19169July2011）wasanEnglishprofessoroftranslationattheUniversityofSurrey.HewasoneofthemainfiguresinthefoundingofTranslationStudiesintheEnglish-speakingworldintwentiethcentury.HewasalsoveryinfluentialintheSpanish-speakingworld.,Heiswidelyreadthroughaseriesofaccessibleandoccasionallypolemicalworks:

ATextbookofTranslation（1988）,ParagraphsonTranslation（1989）,AboutTranslation（1991）,MoreParagraphsonTranslation（1998）,MajorWorksofPeterNewmark,A.MajorTranslationTheories,TwoTranslationMethods&ThreeTypesofTexts,Comprehension,SLText,Formulation（Recreation）,TLText,TwoTranslationMethods,SLemphasis,TLemphasis,Word-for-wordtranslation,LiteralTranslation,FaithfulTranslation,IdiomaticTranslation,CommunicativeTranslation,SemanticTranslation,FreeTranslation,Adaptation,ComparsionbetweenSemantic&CommunicativeTranslation,Wetpaint!

semantictranslation（语义翻译）：

湿油漆！

communicativetranslation（交际翻译）：

油漆未干，请勿触摸！

BissigerHund&Chienmechant,semantictranslation（语义翻译）：

dogthatbites&savagedogcommunicativetranslation（交际翻译）：

Bewareofthedog,ThreeTypesofTexts,Expressivefunction,InformativeFunction,VocativeFunction,Expressiveistodowiththemindofthespeaker,writer,theoriginatoroftheutterancewhichheusedtoexpresshisfeelingsirrespectiveofanyresponse.Expressivetexttypesareimaginativeliteratureauthoritativestatements,autobiographies,essayandpersonalcorrespondence.,Informativeistodowiththeexternalsituation,thefactsofatopicincludingreportedideasortheories.Theyreconsideredwithaytopicofkonwledgeandoftenhavestandardformatssuchas:

textbooks,textbooks,technicalreports,scientificpapersoragendaofmeeting.Informativetextsconveyinformation.,Vocativeistodowiththereadership,theaddressee.Thereadershipiscalledupontoact,thinkortoreactinthewayintendedbythetext.Typicaltypesofvocativetextsare:

notices,publicity,propaganda,persuasivewritingandadvertisement.,B.ComparedwithEugeneNida,EugeneNida,PeterNewmark,Translationisnotascience,Translationisascience,FunctionalTranslation,smanticandCommunicativeTranslation,Formalequivalence：

我不是哈姆雷特。

Dynamicequivalence：

我不会犹豫。

IamnoHamlet.,Wordforwordtranslation“Thisisoftendemonstratedasinterlineartranslation,whichtheTLimmediatelybelowtheSLwords.TheSLword-orderispreservedandthewordstranslatedsinglybytheirmostcommonmeanings,outofcontext.Culturalwordsaretranslatedliterally.Themainuseofword-for-wordtranslationiseithertounderstandthemechanicsofthesourcelanguageorasapre-translationprocess.”,Literaltranslation“TheSLgrammaticalconstructionsareconvertedtotheirnearestTLequivalentsbutthelexicalwordsareagaintranslatedsingly,outofcontext.Asapre-translationprocess,thisindicatestheproblemstobesolved.”,Faithfultranslation“AfaithfultranslationattemptstoreproducetheprecisecontextualmeaningoftheoriginalwithintheconstraintsoftheTLgrammaticalstructures.Ittransfersculturalwordsandpreservesthedegreeofgrammaticalandlexicalabnormality（deviationfromSLnorms）inthetranslation.Itattemptstobecompletelyfaithfultotheintentionsandthetext-realizationoftheSLwriter.”,Semantictranslation“Semantictranslationdiffersfromfaithfultranslationonlyinasfarasitmusttakemoreaccountoftheaestheticvaluethatis,thebeautifulandnaturalsoundsoftheSLtext,compromisingonmeaningwhereappropriatesothatnoassonance,word-playorrepetitionjarsinthefinishedversion.Further,itmaytranslatelessimportantculturalwordsbyculturallyneutralthirdorfunctionaltermsbutnotbyculturalequivalents.Thedistinctionbetweenfaithfulandsemantictranslationisthatthefirstisuncompromisinganddogmatic,whilethesecondismoreflexible,admitsthecreativeexceptionto100%fidelityandallowsforthetranslatorsintuitiveempathywiththeoriginal.”,Adaptation“Thisisthefreestformoftranslation.Itisusedmainlyforplays,comediesandpoetry.Thethemes,characters,plotsareusuallypreserved,theSLcultureconvertedtotheTLcultureandthetextrewritten.Thedeplorablepracticeofhavingaplayorpoemliterallytranslatedandtherewrittenbyanestablisheddramatistorpoethasproducedmanypooradaptations,butotheradaptationshaverescuedperiodplays.”,Freetranslation“Freetranslationreproducesthematterwithoutthemanner,orthecontentwithouttheformoftheoriginal.Usuallyitisaparaphrasemuchlongerthantheoriginal,aso-calledintralingualtranslation,oftenprolixandpretentious,andnottranslationatall.”,Idiomatictranslation“Idiomatictranslationreproducesthemessageoftheoriginalbuttendstodistortnuancesofmeaningbypreferringcolloquialismsandidiomswherethesedonotexistintheoriginal.”,Communicativetranslation“Communicativetranslationattemptstorendertheexactcontextualmeaningoftheoriginalinsuchawaythatbothcontentandlangugearereadilyacceptableandcomprehensibletothereadership.”,